Epilepsy

4-Methyloctanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Methyloctanoic acid (HY-W010178). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Methyloctanoic acid is an endogenous branched-chain medium-chain fatty acid and a negative regulator of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. 4-Methyloctanoic acid exerts antiepileptic effects by inhibiting epileptiform discharges and terminating behavioral and electroencephalographic seizures. 4-Methyloctanoic acid has neuroprotective effects; its polar metabolites can cross the blood-brain barrier, repair presynaptic release defects, improve motor function and alleviate neuromuscular degeneration in ALS models. 4-Methyloctanoic acid regulates phosphatidylinositol metabolism, reduces PIP/PIP₂ levels and increases inositol levels. 4-Methyloctanoic acid can be used in studies related to epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Rexaceract (Rexaceractum) is a heteroaryl compound that binds to β-glucocerebrosidase. Rexaceract maintains the conformational stability of β-glucocerebrosidase and exhibits activating activity. Rexaceract can be used in the research of nervous system-related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases with Parkinsonism, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.

Avizafone-d₅ dihydrobromide is the deuterium labeled Avizafone dihydrobromide. Avizafone (Pro-diazepam) dihydrobromide, a pro-drug of Diazepam, is an anticonvulsant agent. Avizafone dihydrobromide can be used as an antidote of nerve agent poisoning. In vivo, Avizafone is rapidly hydrolyzed by aminopeptidase to produce lysine and diazepam. Avizafone dihydrobromide has research areas including neurological disease, such as epilepsy.

Norfluoxetine-d5 is the d₅-labeled Norfluoxetine (HY-135556). Norfluoxetine is the active metabolite of the antidepressant Fluoxetine (HY-B0102); it is also a TREK-2 K₂P potassium channel inhibitor. Norfluoxetine exhibits neuroimmunological activity, induces apoptosis in primary microglial cells, and inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory factors. Norfluoxetine inhibits high-threshold voltage-gated Ca²⁺ currents in neurons with an EC₅₀ of 20.4 μM. Norfluoxetine can be used in research related to depression, ischemic stroke, and epilepsy.

AMPAR/Nav1.2-IN-1 is a blood-brain barrier-penetrant AMPAR inhibitor and Nav1.2 blocker with IC₅₀ values of 12.7 and 7.01 μM, respectively. AMPAR/Nav1.2-IN-1 inhibits AMPA-mediated excitatory currents and neuronal Nav1.2 voltage-gated sodium channels. AMPAR/Nav1.2-IN-1 scavenges free radicals via HAT and SET, increases GSH and SOD while decreasing MDA, and restores GABA-glutamate homeostasis by attenuating glutamate elevation and increasing GABA. AMPAR/Nav1.2-IN-1 can be used for epilepsy research.

Lansiumamide B is a cinnamamide alkaloid, Antifungal agent and Insecticide. Lansiumamide B is isolated from the seeds of Clausena lansium. Lansiumamide B inhibits the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and decreases the protein and mRNA levels of TNF-α. Lansiumamide B induces abnormal mycelial growth, cell content leakage and cell wall degradation in Rhizoctonia solani. Lansiumamide B causes the death of early 4th-instar larvae of Aedes albopictus. Lansiumamide B exhibits anticonvulsant effects in epileptic rat models. Lansiumamide B can be used in studies related to plant fungal diseases.

GW438014A is a selective NPY-Y5 receptor competitive antagonist capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, with IC₅₀ values of 197 nM and 211 nM against human receptors. GW438014A reverses PYY-mediated inhibition of Forskolin (HY-15371)-induced cAMP production, reduces NPY-induced food intake and nocturnal food intake in rodents, decreases body weight gain and fat mass in Zucker rats, and inhibits centrally mediated feeding behavior. GW438014A can be used in research related to obesity and epilepsy.

PF-06526290 is a voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel modulator with dual activity of enhancing and inhibiting Nav channel conduction. PF-06526290 slows inactivation by binding to the resting state of Nav channels, and exerts inactivation state-dependent inhibition after prolonged depolarization by acting on the voltage sensor of the fourth homologous domain 4 (D4 VSD). PF-06526290 can be used in research on neurological disorders such as epilepsy and autism.

AMPA-IN-1 is an orally active AMPA receptor inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 17.70 nM. AMPA-IN-1 inhibits AMPA-induced intracellular calcium influx in rat embryonic cerebral cortical neurons. AMPA-IN-1 exhibits anticonvulsant-related activity in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. AMPA-IN-1 can be used for research on AMPA-mediated diseases, such as epilepsy.

Ricinine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ricinine (HY-121944). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ricinine is a central nervous system stimulant found in Ricinus communis. Ricinine binds near the benzodiazepine site of the GABA_A receptor, reducing benzodiazepine binding affinity through an allosteric effect, and shows no interaction with AMPA, 5-HT_1A, muscarinic receptors, or α₁ adrenergic receptors. Ricinine improves memory consolidation in mice at low doses, while at high doses it induces seizures, an effect that is selectively inhibited by diazepam. Ricinine shortens the lifespan of Anopheles mosquitoes through sugar feeding and promotes the development of Plasmodium falciparum in mosquitoes. Ricinine is used in research related to epilepsy, amnesia, and malaria.

TT-1 is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (human IC₅₀ = 18.6 μM) and an amyloid β (1-42) aggregation inhibitor with antioxidant capacity, and it exerts antitumor effects by downregulating ADAM10 expression, upregulating MICA, and activating the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. TT-1 can be used for research on Alzheimer's disease, liver cancer, and epilepsy.

Nav1.2-IN-3 is a blood-brain barrier-penetrant and potent voltage-gated sodium channel Na_V1.2 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 16.93 μM. Nav1.2-IN-3 preferentially blocks the inactivated state of the channel, inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability, and alleviates oxidative stress. Nav1.2-IN-3 can be used for research on epilepsy.

PRX-2904 is an orally effective and selective KNa1.1 (KCNT1/Slack/Slo2.2) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 40 nM against human KNa1.1-WT. PRX-2904 reduces abnormal neuronal firing in KCNT1 gain-of-function (GoF) models by inhibiting KNa1.1 channel activity. PRX-2904 is useful for research on epilepsy associated with KCNT1 gain-of-function variants.

Fosphenytoin is a phosphate ester prodrug of Phenytoin (HY-B0448). Fosphenytoin is used in research related to epileptic seizures.

Nav1.2-IN-4 is a blood-brain barrier-penetrant Na_V1.2 inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 31.21 μM). Nav1.2-IN-4 preferentially blocks the inactivated state of the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel Na_V1.2, inhibiting persistent and resurgent sodium currents associated with epileptogenesis. Nav1.2-IN-4 restores the GABA-glutamate balance by enhancing GABA and reducing glutamate. Nav1.2-IN-4 reduces oxidative stress in brain tissue by increasing GSH and decreasing MDA. Nav1.2-IN-4 protects mice against MES-induced tonic hindlimb extensor seizures and attenuates hippocampal neuronal degeneration in the PTZ kindling model. Nav1.2-IN-4 can be used for research on epilepsy.

Ammonium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC (Salmiac, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC) is an inhibitor of Slc26a4 and SMAD2. Ammonium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC reduces the protein expression level of Slc26a4 in lung tissue, and attenuates ozone-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cells, pulmonary resistance, goblet cell hyperplasia, peribronchial inflammation and thiocyanate levels in mouse tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Ammonium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC decreases the level of phosphorylated SMAD2, inhibits autophagy by reducing autophagy-related proteins, and enhances Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced cancer cell apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks. Ammonium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC also inhibits the TCA cycle, reduces ATP production, increases glucose utilization, regulates the levels of lactic acid, glutamic acid and ATP, and induces morphological degeneration of neuroblastoma cells. Ammonium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC can be used in studies related to ozone-induced airway injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, human cervical cancer, hepatic encephalopathy, Reye syndrome, epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases.

WO677 is a KCNT1 inhibitor that can be used in studies of nervous system disorders associated with KCNT1 function, such as epilepsy.

WO170 is a KCNT1 inhibitor that can be used in studies related to diseases associated with KCNT1 dysfunction, such as epilepsy.

Indantadol (the free base of CHF-3381) is an orally active, non-selective NMDA antagonist and MAO inhibitor. Indantadol blocks the binding of [³H]-MK-801 to NMDA receptors in a non-competitive manner, with an IC₅₀ of 8.1 μM. Indantadol completely inhibits dopamine release caused by NMDA. Indantadol protects neurons, with an ED₅₀ of 35 μM. Indantadol has anticonvulsant and anti-high pain hypersensitivity activities.

NMDAR modulator 3 is a subunit-selective NMDA receptor potentiator targeting NMDAR receptors containing NR2C/NR2D subunits. NMDAR modulator 3 can be used for the research of schizophrenia, parkinson's disease, cognitive disorders, depression, neuropathic pain, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, neurodegeneration.