Mitochondria Dyes

JC-1 (CBIC2) is an ideal fluorescent probe widely used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. JC-1 accumulates in mitochondria in a potential dependent manner and can be used to detect the membrane potential of cells or purified mitochondria. In normal mitochondria, JC-1 aggregates in the mitochondrial matrix to form a polymer, which emits strong red fluorescence (Ex=585 nm, Em=590 nm); When the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 cannot aggregate in the matrix of mitochondria and produce green fluorescence (ex=510 nm, em= 527 nm).

Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable cationic fluorescent probes that specifically recognize mitochondrial membrane potentials, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence, and at certain concentrations, rhodamine dyes have low toxicity to cells, so they are commonly used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms.

Mito-Tracker Green is a green fluorescent dye that selectively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. MitoTracker Green FM covalently binds mitochondrial proteins by reacting with free mercaptan of cysteine residues, allowing staining of mitochondrial membrane potential independent of membrane potential. Excitation/emission wavelength 490/523 nm.

MitoTracker Deep Red (MTDR) FM fluorescent dye that selectively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. MitoTracker Deep Red FM covalently binds mitochondrial proteins by reacting with free mercaptan of cysteine residues, allowing staining of mitochondrial membrane potential independent of membrane potential. Excitation/emission wavelength 644/665 nm. MitoTracker Deep Red dyes have an excitation/emission wavelength of 633/650-750 nm.
The Ex/Em of MitoTracker Deep Red (MTDR) FM is 644/665 nm.

Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable cationic fluorescent probes that specifically recognize mitochondrial membrane potentials, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence, and at certain concentrations, rhodamine dyes have low toxicity to cells, so they are commonly used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms.

MitoCLox is a mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe for measuring mitochondrial inner membrane lipid peroxidation.

JC-10 is a lipophilic mitochondrial membrane potential indicator and is a fluorescent dye. JC-10 accumulates and aggregates in healthy mitochondria to emit red fluorescence; exists as a monomer emitting green fluorescence in the cytosol or apoptotic cells with collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, enabling measurement of mitochondrial depolarization via the green/red fluorescence ratio.

DiBAC4(3) is a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye (λ_ex=490 nm, λ_em=505 nm). DiBAC4(3) can be used to measure cell membrane potential.

Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable cationic fluorescent probes that specifically recognize mitochondrial membrane potentials, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence, and at certain concentrations, rhodamine dyes have low toxicity to cells, so they are commonly used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms.

Rhodamine B is a staining fluorescent dye, commonly used for dyeing textiles, paper, soap, leather, and agents.

ATP-Red 1 is a multisite-binding switchable fluorescent probe, and can selectively and rapidly responds to intracellular concentrations of ATP in living cells (Ex/Em = 510/590 nm).

Acridine Orange 10-Nonyl Bromide is a fluorescent probe for cardiolipin (λ_ex: 489 nm, λ_em: 525 nm).

MKT-077 (FJ-776), a highly water-soluble mitochondrial dye, has significant antitumor activity. MKT-077 exhibits low cytotoxicity, and inhibits broad-spectrum human cancer cell lines (colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer). MKT-077 inhibits the growth of tumor in nude mice enograft tumor model. Ex/Em=488/543 nm.

MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos is a fluorescent dye that labels mitochondria within live cells utilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential (Ex/Em: 551/576 nm).

3,3'-Dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide is a carbocyanine dye which can be used to monitor changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.

4-Di-1-ASP is a styryl dye used to stain glioma cells in living brain tissue for analysis of cell structure, viability, proliferation and endocytosis, cytokinesis and phagocytosis, as well as for observation of mitochondrial structures in living cells. 4-Di-1-ASP fluoresces green when imaged microscopically (λ_ex /λ_em = 475/606 nm) .

Janus green B is a supravital stain. Janus green B staining reaction is oxygen dependent, and is reversibly inhibited by cyanide. Janus green B has been used for staining peripheral nerves in live insects, lymphatic vessels of rabbits and mitochondria.

DASPEI is a cationic styrenyl mitochondrial dye with large Stokes shift. DASPEI has excitation and emission wavelength at 550/573 nm, which has good light chromogenic property. DASPEI can stain mitochondria in living cells with good labeling property. And DASPEI can also be used to stain presynaptic nerve endings independently of neuronal activity.