Sphingosine

Sphingosine (5-10 μM) induces apoptosis in human neutrophils^[1].
Sphingosine activates JNK in HL-60 and U937 human leukemia cells, activates p38 MAPK in U937 human leukemia cells and human neutrophils (with p38 being essential for apoptosis in neutrophils), and potently inhibits ERK1/ERK2 activity in multiple leukemic and solid cancer cell lines including HL-60, U937, A431, MDA 436, and Ras-transformed 3T3 cells^[1].
Sphingosine induces mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in Jurkat, MCF-7, Hep3B, and J774 cells via cytochrome c release, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-xL, and cleavage of pro-apoptotic Bax^[1].
Sphingosine induces apoptosis in Hep3B human hepatoma cells partially through inhibition of Akt kinase activity^[1].
Sphingosine induces apoptosis in J774 murine macrophage-like cells via lysosomal hydrolase relocation and cathepsin-mediated signaling^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.