Apoptosis Inhibitor

Tovophyllin A is an orally active xanthonoid compound. Tovophyllin A exerts neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease by activating the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Tovophyllin A protects mouse models of liver injury by activating Nrf2. Tovophyllin A exhibits protective anti-inflammatory activity in mouse models of acute lung injury. Tovophyllin A inhibits the activation of NF-κB and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tovophyllin A reduces apoptotic cell death (Apoptosis). Tovophyllin A has antiplasmodial activity. Tovophyllin A shows cytotoxic activity against lung epithelial cancer cells and breast cancer cells. Tovophyllin A can be used in research related to Parkinson's disease, liver injury, acute lung injury, lung epithelial cancer, and breast cancer.

Semaglutide sodium is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide sodium promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide sodium also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide sodium has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide sodium can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.

1β-Hydroxyeuscaphic acid has significant hepatoprotective activity by lowering the leakage of intracellular enzymes, reducing the oxidation of proteins and decreasing the incidence of apoptosis.

TAT-NEP1-40 is a BBB-penatrable peptide. TAT-NEP1-40 protects PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and promotes neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 also improves ischemia-induced neurologic outcomes by inhibiting cell apoptosis in ischemic brains. TAT-NEP1-40 can be used for research of CNS injuries, such as axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke.

Ac-IETD-CHO TFA is a potent, reversible inhibitor of granzyme B and caspase-8. Ac-IETD-CHO TFA inhibits Fas-mediated apoptotic cell death, hemorrhage, and liver failure. Ac-IETD-CHO TFA also inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced cell death.

MTAAAR is a polypeptide obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of C-phycocyanin (HY-D1025) and possesses neuroprotective activity. MTAAAR enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, reduces ROS, inhibits apoptosis and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain tissue, and decreases protein carbonyl content. In the MPTP (HY-W114750)-induced zebrafish Parkinson's disease model, MTAAAR exhibits antioxidant effects, inhibits autophagy and apoptosis, reverses the loss of dopaminergic neurons and cerebral blood vessels, and alleviates motor deficits. MTAAAR can be used for research on Parkinson's disease.

Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1 is a tau protein phosphorylation inhibitor that potently protects PC12 cells against Aβ_25–35-induced cytotoxicity (EC₅₀ = 1.93 μM), and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB).Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1 reverses the hyperphosphorylation of tau, significantly inhibits the expression of certain immune-related cytotoxic factors, suppresses the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and significantly inhibits the expression of RAGE and the apoptosis factors Bax/Bcl-2, both in vitro and in vivo. Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1 relieves nerve damage, and improves learning and memory in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model. Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1 can be used for AD research.

IMM-H004, a coumarin derivative, possesses neuroprotective and potent free radical scavenging abilities. IMM-H004 significantly inhibits amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, offering potential value for research into neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, IMM-H004 is also capable of effectively blocking the calcium mobilization and chemotaxis induced by CKLF1-C27 (HY-P3418), thereby alleviating asthmatic pathological changes in the lung tissue of CKLF1 transgenic mice.

Solanesol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Solanesol (HY-N0576). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Solanesol is an orally active aliphatic terpene alcohol. Solanesol is mainly found in tobacco and other Solanaceae plants. Solanesol induces HO-1 and Hsp70 expression, activates p38 and Akt signaling pathways, and inhibits Apoptosis (reduces caspase-3 and PARP cleavage). Solanesol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Solanesol can be used in the research of Huntington's disease, alcoholic liver disease, chronic inflammatory pain, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar disorder.

ISRACT-01 is an integrated stress response (ISR) activator. ISRACT-01 has a K_d of 557 nM for eIF2B^Δ-latch. ISRACT-01 cooperates with eIF2-P to inhibit guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity by specifically binding to and stabilizing the inactive conformation (I-state) of eIF2B. ISRACT-01 can be used in studies related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

KR-33028 is a selective NHE1 inhibitor. KR-33028 reduces hypoxia-induced necrosis and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. KR-33028 inhibits hypoxia-induced increases in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ levels and cytochrome c release. KR-33028 improves cardiac contractility, reduces lactate dehydrogenase release, and increases tissue ATP, creatine phosphate, and glycogen levels. KR-33028 can be used in research on cancers such as cardioblastoma and cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke.

Rafutrombopag (Hetrombopag) diolamine is an orally active nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR/MPL) agonist. Rafutrombopag diolamine can chelate iron and alleviate iron overload while promoting haematopoiesis. Rafutrombopag diolamine specifically stimulates proliferation and differentiation of human TPOR-expressing cells, including 32D-MPL and human hematopoietic stem cells through stimulation of STAT, PI3K and ERK signalling pathways. Rafutrombopag diolamine effectively up-regulates G1-phase-related proteins, including p-RB, Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6, normalizes progression of the cell cycle, and prevents apoptosis by modulating BCL-XL/BAK expression in 32D-MPL cells. Rafutrombopag diolamine protects cardiomyocyte survival from oxidative stress damage as an enhancer of stem cells. Rafutrombopag diolamine can be used for the study of immune thrombocytopenia and oxidative stress-related cardiovascular disease.

Ac-YVAD-CHO (L-709049) acetate is a potent, reversible, specific tetrapeptide interleukin-lβ converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor with mouse and human K_i values of 3.0 and 0.76 nM. Ac-YVAD-CHO acetate is also a caspase-1 inhibitor. Ac-YVAD-CHO acetate can suppress the production of mature IL-lβ.

Enalapril sodium (MK-421 sodium) is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Enalapril sodium blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, regulates the renin-angiotensin system, reduces preload and afterload, and decreases plasma angiotensin II levels. Enalapril sodium inhibits apoptosis, reduces nitric oxide metabolite levels, stabilizes endothelial cells, enhances endothelial antioxidant defense, scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alleviates neuronal damage. Enalapril sodium attenuates glutathione depletion, protein/lipid oxidation, tissue damage, and type III collagen immunolabeling in organs of diabetic rats. Enalapril sodium reduces systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion, and delays the progression of diabetic cardiac/renal injury. Enalapril sodium is used in research related to asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, congestive heart failure, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, cerebral ischemia, chronic heart failure, and single-ventricle physiology.

Metoprolol-d₆-1 tartrate is the deuterium labeled Metoprolol tartrate (HY-17503B). Metoprolol tartrate is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol tartrate shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties.

Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) is a metabolite of Pentachlorophenol. Tetrachlorohydroquinone induces reactive oxidant stress (ROS), inhibits apoptosis and induces necrosis in primary mouse splenocytes. Tetrachlorohydroquinone increases DNA lesions and induces oxidative stress in rodents.

Losmapimod (GSK-AHAB; GW856553X) hydrochloride is an orally active p38α/β MAPK inhibitor, with pK_i values of 8.1 and 7.6 for p38α and p38β, respectively. Losmapimod hydrochloride reduces DUX4 expression, thus exerting efficacy in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. By inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB, Losmapimod hydrochloride reduces apoptosis of epileptiform hippocampal neurons, and exhibits anti-allodynia and anti-hyperalgesic activities. Losmapimod hydrochloride blocks the entry and fusion of Lassa fever virus (LASV). Losmapimod hydrochloride overcomes tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Losmapimod hydrochloride inhibits myocardial senescence and inflammation, and possesses cardioprotective activity against cardiotoxicity.

Relaxin H3 (human) is a relaxin peptide with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-pyroptotic, anti-migratory, protective and anti-fibrotic activities. Relaxin H3 (human) acts on RXFP1 to generate cAMP and reduce the levels of ATP and ROS. Relaxin H3 (human) inhibits renal inflammatory pyroptosis (pyroptosis), NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase-1 activation, IL-1β/IL-18 secretion, collagen synthesis, TGF-β1 signaling pathway, Smad2 phosphorylation, myofibroblast differentiation, TIMP expression, and HRMEC migration. Relaxin H3 (human) activates AMPK, upregulates MFN2 expression, improves mitochondrial quality control and membrane potential, inhibits apoptosis (apoptosis) and pyroptosis, restores retinal ultrastructure, and reverses excessive left ventricular collagen expression. Relaxin H3 (human) can be used in studies related to kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, fibrotic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic retinopathy.

Porcine Factor Xa is a serine protease that plays a central role in blood coagulation, with prothrombin as its physiological substrate. Porcine Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, activates factor VIII, and hydrolyzes peptide, thioester, and amide substrates. Porcine Factor Xa cleaves protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 to activate intracellular signal transduction. Porcine Factor Xa regulates multiple cellular pathways, mediates various cellular activities, tissue remodeling and cancer cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis in some cancer cells. Porcine Factor Xa protects hippocampal neurons against glutamate-induced damage. Porcine Factor Xa participates in embryonic vascular development and regulates immune hematopoiesis; its activity is inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, and cannot be enhanced by phospholipids. Porcine Factor Xa regulates immune responses and macrophage polarization, and participates in fibrosis, vascular remodeling and tumor progression through non-coagulant effects. Porcine Factor Xa can be used in research related to atherosclerosis, fibrosis, asthma, cancer, thromboinflammation, sepsis, etc.

Dihydrocapsaicin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Dihydrocapsaicin (HY-N0361). Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat.