IKK Inhibitor

IKK 16 is an orally active IKK inhibitor. IKK 16 shows IC₅₀s of 40 nM, 70 nM, 200 nM, and 50 nM for IKK2, IKK complex, IKK1, and LRRK 2, respectively. IKK 16 is also a pan-PKD inhibitor, inhibiting PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 with IC₅₀s of 153.9, 115, and 99.7 nM, respectively. IKK 16 is also an ABCB1 inhibitor, interfering with the binding of ABCB1 to its substrates. IKK 16 protects against LPS (HY-D1056)-induced multiple organ dysfunction by reducing the acute inflammatory response induced by endotoxin exposure. IKK 16 can restore renal function and alleviate fibrosis in acute kidney injury. IKK 16 attenuates cardiac dysfunction associated with polymicrobial sepsis in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.

Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na⁺ channels. The IC₅₀ value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders.

WS6 is an IkB kinase and EBP1 inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 0.24 nM, 0.21 nM, and 40.48 nM in MV4-11, MOLM13, and K562 cells, respectively. WS6 promotes the proliferation of alpha and beta cells in the pancreas, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and can alleviate depression like behavior in rats^[1][2][4].

Oxaprozin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2, respectively. Oxaprozin also inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Oxaprozin induces cell apoptosis. Oxaprozin shows anti-inflammatory activity. Oxaprozin-mediated inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB pathway contributes to its anti-inflammatory properties.

Abietic acid, an orally active diterpene isolated from Colophony, displays significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effect, bacteriostatic, cell cycle arresting and pro-apoptotic activities. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy. Abietic acid enhances cell migration and tube formation in HUVECs. Abietic acid induces significant angiogenic potential, which is associated with upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 expression. Abietic acid attenuates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Abietic acid exhibits a positive effect against liver injury by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis. Abietic acid shows accelerated wound closure in a mouse model of cutaneous wounds. Abietic acid significantly reduces the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells by IKKβ inhibition.Additionally, Abietic acid ameliorates psoriasis-like inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in mice. Abietic acid is promising for research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), liver injury-related deseases and psoriasis.

TBK1/IKKε-IN-5 (compound 1) is an orally active TBK1 and IKKε dual inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 1 and 5.6 nM, respectively. TBK1/IKKε-IN-5 enhances the blockade response to PD-1 and induces immune memory in rats when combines with anti-PD-L1. TBK1/IKKε-IN-5 can be used in cancer research, especially in tumour immunity.

GS143 is a selec­tive IκBα ubiquitination inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 5.2 μM for SCF^βTrCP1-mediated IκBα ubiquitylation. GS143 sup­presses NF-κB acti­va­tion and tran­scrip­tion of tar­get genes and does not inhibit proteasome activity. GS143 has anti-asthma effect.

PS-1145 is an IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 88 nM.

IKK 16 hydrochloride is an orally active IKK inhibitor. IKK 16 hydrochloride shows IC₅₀s of 40 nM, 70 nM, 200 nM, and 50 nM for IKK2, IKK complex, IKK1, and LRRK 2, respectively. IKK 16 hydrochloride is also a pan-PKD inhibitor, inhibiting PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 with IC₅₀s of 153.9, 115, and 99.7 nM, respectively. IKK 16 hydrochloride is also an ABCB1 inhibitor, interfering with the binding of ABCB1 to its substrates. IKK 16 hydrochloride protects against LPS (HY-D1056)-induced multiple organ dysfunction by reducing the acute inflammatory response induced by endotoxin exposure. IKK 16 hydrochloride can restore renal function and alleviate fibrosis in acute kidney injury. IKK 16 hydrochloride attenuates cardiac dysfunction associated with polymicrobial sepsis in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.

NF-κB-IN-1, a 4-arylidene crucumin analogue, is a potent NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor. NF-κB-IN-1 directly inhibits IKK to block NF-κB activation. NF-κB-IN-1 effectively inhibits the viability of lung cancer cells and attenuates the clonogenic activity of A549 cells.

DC-SX029 is a potent SNX10 protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor with oral activity with an estimated K_D constant of ~0.935 μM by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). DC-SX029 blocks the SNX10-PIKfyve interaction, thereby decreased the TBK1/c-Rel signaling activation. DC-SX029 does not affect the protein level of SNX10. DC-SX029 has the potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research.

PROTAC TBK1 degrader-2 is a potent PROTAC degrader of serine/threonine kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) (DC₅₀=15 nM; K_d=4.6 nM) with a maximum efficiency of 96%. PROTAC TBK1 degrader-2 also targets to IkB kinase IKKε (IC₅₀=8.7 nM), with low selectivity over TBK1 (IC₅₀=1.3 nM).

Resveratrol analog 1 is an analog of Resveratrol (HY-16561), compound 48. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties.

SR12343 is a IKK/NF-κB inhibitor and a mimetic of the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)-binding domain (NBD). SR12343 inhibits TNF-α- and LPS-induced NF-κB activation by blocking the interaction between IKKβ and NEMO. SR12343 suppresses LPS-induced acute pulmonary inflammation in mice. SR12343 extends the healthspan of naturally aged and accelerated aging mice. SR12343 can be used for research on inflammatory and degenerative diseases.

Murrayafoline A is a carbazole alkaloid that can be extracted from Murraya tetramera. Murrayafoline A directly targets Specificity protein 1 (Sp1), thereby inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Murrayafoline a induces a G0/G1-phase arrest in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. Murrayafoline A attenuates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by promoting the degradation of intracellular β-catenin proteins. Murrayafoline A enhances the contraction of rat ventricular myocytes and L-type calcium current by activating protein kinase C. Murrayafoline A inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced neuroinflammation in vivo. Murrayafoline A can be used for the study of inflammation, vascular complications and colon cancer.

KMS99220 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable activator of the Nrf2 inhibitory protein Keap-1. KMS99220 enhances the activity of AMPK, activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and reduces the phosphorylation of IκB, nuclear translocation of NFκB, as well as the phosphorylation levels of JNK, IKK and p38 MAPK via HO-1. KMS99220 binds to Keap1 to trigger the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, induces the expression of HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, GCLM and proteasome subunits; enhances proteasomal enzymatic activity; inhibits iNOS expression, nitric oxide production and IL-1β generation; attenuates microglial activation; reduces α-synuclein aggregation; and prevents dopaminergic neuron degeneration and motor dysfunction. KMS99220 prevents the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, induces the expression of Nrf2 downstream target genes, and effectively ameliorates associated motor dysfunction in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. KMS99220 is applicable to research related to Parkinson's disease.

XL-3158 is a selective and cross-species Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) inhibitor (IC₅₀: 11.1 μM for human cGAS, 2.19 μM for mouse cGAS). XL-3158 simultaneously occupy allosteric and orthosteric sites, stabilizing the activation loop in a closed, inactive conformation and thereby attenuating the cGAS-DNA interactions. XL-3158 inhibits cGAS by targeting phase separation. XL-3158 efficiently penetrates cells by inhibiting aggregate formation, effectively reducing the local concentration of cGAS within cells. XL-3158 can be used for the study of cGAS-dependent inflammatory diseases.

Malachite green hemioxalate (MCCK1) is a triphenylmethane dye which can be used to detect the release of phosphate in enzymatic reactions. Malachite green hemioxalate has antibacterial activity, which is attributed to inhibition of intracellular enzymes, insertion into DNA and/or interaction with cell membranes. Malachite green hemioxalate is also a potent and selective inhibitor of IKBKE, and inhibits its downstream targets such as IκBα, p65 and IRF3. Malachite green hemioxalate exhibits antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.

H-Val-Tyr-OH (Val-Tyr) is a dipeptide formed by the connection of valine and tyrosine via a peptide bond. H-Val-Tyr-OH is a potential IKKα inhibitor and can be used in the research of cancer and inflammatory diseases.

Chicanine is a lignan compound of Schisandra chinesis, inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK 1/2 and IκB-α, with anti-inflammatory activity.