Integrin Antagonist

Cilengitide (EMD 121974) is a BBB-permeable integrins antagonist with IC₅₀s of 0.61 nM (α_νβ₃), 8.4 nM (α_νβ₅) and 14.9 nM (α₅β₁), respectively. Cilengitide inhibits the binding of α_νβ₃ and α_νβ₅ to Vitronectin with IC₅₀s of 4 nM and 79 nM, respectively. Cilengitide inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling, mediates PD-L1 expression. Cilengitide also induces apoptosis, shows antiangiogenic effect in the research against glioblastoma and other cancers.

GLPG0187 is a broad spectrum integrin receptor antagonist with antitumor activity; inhibits α_vβ₁-integrin with an IC₅₀ of 1.3 nM. GLPG0187 inhibits migrasome biogenesis without cytotoxicity.

Vedolizumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets the α4β7 integrin for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Lifitegrast (SAR 1118) is a potent integrin antagonist. Lifitegrast blocks the binding of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) to lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), interrupting the T cell-mediated inflammatory cycle. Lifitegrast inhibits Jurkat T cell attachment to ICAM-1 with an IC₅₀ of 2.98 nM. Lifitegrast can be used for researching dry eye disease.

Tirofiban (L700462) is a selective and reversible platelet integrin receptor (Gp IIb/IIIa) antagonist that inhibits fibrinogen binding to this receptor and has antithrombotic activity. Tirofiban induces proliferation and migration on endothelial cell by inducing production of VEGF. Tirofiban can significantly reduces myocardial no-reflow and ischemia-reperfusion injury by alleviating myocardial microvascular structural and endothelial dysfunction in the ischemic area.

ATN-161 is a novel integrin α5β1 antagonist, which inhibits angiogenesis and growth of liver metastases in a murine model.

MK-0429 (L-000845704) is an orally active, potent, selective and nonpeptide pan-integrin antagonist with IC₅₀ values of 1.6 nM, 2.8 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.7 nM, 0.5 nM and 12.2 nM for αvβ1, αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ8 and α5β1, respectively.

ATN-161 trifluoroacetate salt is a novel integrin α5β1 antagonist, which inhibits angiogenesis and growth of liver metastases in a murine model.

SB-273005 is an orally active non-peptide αvβ3 integrin antagonist with K_i values of 1.2 nM and 0.3 nM for αvβ3 and αvβ5, respectively. SB-273005 blocks the binding of integrins to the RGD sequence in the extracellular matrix. SB-273005 inhibits Rictor phosphorylation and reduces IL-10 secretion. SB-273005 inhibits inflammation, prevents bone loss, regulates vascular smooth muscle function, and reverses pregnancy-induced immune deviation. SB-273005 can be used in the study of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and aneurysms. .

Carotegrast methyl (AJM300) is an orally active and selective α4 integrin antagonist. HCA2969, an active metabolite of Carotegrast methyl, is a specific and dual α4β1/α4β7 integrin antagonist. Carotegrast methyl prevents the development of colitis in mice.

Vedolizumab (anti-α4β7-integrin) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets the α4β7 integrin for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Tirofiban (L700462) hydrochloride monohydrate is a selective and reversible platelet integrin receptor (Gp IIb/IIIa) antagonist that inhibits fibrinogen binding to this receptor and has antithrombotic activity. Tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate induces proliferation and migration on endothelial cell by inducing production of VEGF. Tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate can significantly reduces myocardial no-reflow and ischemia-reperfusion injury by alleviating myocardial microvascular structural and endothelial dysfunction in the ischemic area.

TR-14035 is a orally active dual α₄β₇/α₄β₁ integrin antagonist, with IC₅₀ s of 7 nM and 87 nM for α₄β₇ and α₄β₁, respectively. TR-14035 can be used for the research of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

GSK 3008348 is a small molecule antagonist of integrin αvβ6 with IC₅₀ values for αvβ6, αvβ1, αvβ3, αvβ5, and αvβ8 are 1.50, 2.83, 12.53, 4.00, and 2.26 nM, respectively. GSK 3008348 can target the αvβ6 integrin, inhibit TGF-β activation, and thereby alleviate the fibrotic process. GSK 3008348 prevents the binding of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to the αvβ6 integrin receptor on the surface of host cells, thereby inhibiting the entry of the virus. GSK 3008348 can be used for research on pulmonary fibrosis and various types of cancer.

GSK 3008348 hydrochloride is a small molecule antagonist of integrin αvβ6 with IC₅₀ values for αvβ6, αvβ1, αvβ3, αvβ5, and αvβ8 are 1.50, 2.83, 12.53, 4.00, and 2.26 nM, respectively. GSK 3008348 hydrochloride can target the αvβ6 integrin, inhibit TGF-β activation, and thereby alleviate the fibrotic process. GSK 3008348 hydrochloride prevents the binding of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to the αvβ6 integrin receptor on the surface of host cells, thereby inhibiting the entry of the virus. GSK 3008348 hydrochloride can be used for research on pulmonary fibrosis and various types of cancer.

Tetrac (Tetraiodothyroacetic acid), a derivative of L-thyroxine (T4), is a thyrointegrin receptor antagonist. Tetrac blocks the actions of T4 and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) at the cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone on integrin αvβ3. Tetra has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities.

Firategrast (SB 683699) is an orally active and specific α4β1/α4β7 integrin antagonist. Firategrast reduces trafficking of lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) and decreases multiple sclerosis (MS) activity.

HSDVHK-NH2 is an antagonist of the integrin αvβ3-vitronectin interaction, with an IC₅₀ of 1.74 pg/mL (2.414 pM).

Levocabastine (R 50547) hydrochloride is a potent and selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Levocabastine hydrochloride is also a selective, high affinity neurotensin receptor subtype 2 (NTR2) antagonist, with a K_i of 17 nM for mNTR2. Levocabastine hydrochloride can act as a VLA-4 antagonist, interferes with conjunctival eosinophil infiltration in allergic conjunctivitis (AC).

huATN-658 is an inhibitor that specifically targets the DIII domain of human urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). huATN-658 neutralizes uPAR function by blocking the interaction between uPAR and integrins, without interfering with the binding of uPA or vitronectin to uPAR. huATN-658 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells, slows the growth of primary breast tumors, reduces breast cancer-induced bone lesions and decreases osteoclast activity. huATN-658 also alters the gene expression of the TGF-β receptor complex signaling pathway. huATN-658 exerts synergistic anticancer effects when combined with Zoledronic Acid (HY-13777), and does not cause physiological or behavioral abnormalities in immunodeficient mice. huATN-658 can be used in research related to breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer and breast cancer-induced bone disease.