Sodium butyrate
Based on 28 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Sodium butyrate ((Butanoic acid; Butyric acid) sodium) is an orally active HDAC inhibitor. Sodium butyrate induces hyperacetylation of core histones and affects phosphorylation of H1/H2A, thereby altering chromatin structure and regulating gene expression. Sodium butyrate can be used in research related to various cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, and sickle cell anemia.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.76%
- CAS No.: 156-54-7
- Formula: C4H7NaO2
- Molecular Weight:110.09
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Sodium butyrate
More- Cell Host Microbe. 2026 Jul 8;34(7):1333-1349.e10. [Abstract]
- Transl Neurodegener. 2026 Feb 28;15(1):7. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2026 May 19:1-14. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Oct 10;16(1):9015. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2021 Jan 1;11(3):1473-1492. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Jan 3;41(1):1. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct 13:e09383. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 May 18;12(6):501. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2021 Nov 4;18(1):254. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2026 Sep:159:158504.
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 Jan;335(Pt 2):149182. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2026 Jun 1. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2026 Jun 30;98(25):19057-19069. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2026 Aug:321:120470.
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026 Jul;32(7):e71026.
- Bioeng Transl Med. 2021 Apr 2;6(3):e10219. [Abstract]
- Neurobiol Dis. 2018 Mar:111:12-25. [Abstract]
- J Med Virol. 2026 Jan;98(1):e70783. [Abstract]
- BMC Vet Res. 2019 Jul 29;15(1):267. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Oncol. 2026 Feb 1. [Abstract]
- Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2021 Jul;107(3):e21823. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2024 August 18.
- Research Square Print. September 20th, 2022.
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Sep.
- Sci Total Environ. 2021 Aug 20:783:147014. [Abstract]
- Int J Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020, 7:068.
- Patent. US20180263995A1.
Customer Validation & Images
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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IF
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RT-PCR
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ELISA
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WB
Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[2]|
HDAC |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| BT-20 | IC50 |
1.4 mM
Compound: 6
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Antiproliferative activity against human BT-20 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antiproliferative activity against human BT-20 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
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[PMID: 34826681] |
| Erythrocyte | CC50 |
222 μM
Compound: NaB
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Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as cell viability after 3 days alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as cell viability after 3 days alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 33109398] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
0.8 mM
Compound: Sodium butyrate
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Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts by fluorimetric assay
Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts by fluorimetric assay
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[PMID: 19520580] |
| HUVEC | IC50 |
1 mM
Compound: sodium butyrate
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Inhibition of LPS-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of LPS challenge by one stage clotting assay
Inhibition of LPS-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of LPS challenge by one stage clotting assay
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[PMID: 17675290] |
| HUVEC | IC50 |
2 mM
Compound: sodium butyrate
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Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of TNFalpha challenge by one stage clotting assay
Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of TNFalpha challenge by one stage clotting assay
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[PMID: 17675290] |
| K562 | IC50 |
140 μM
Compound: sodium butyrate
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Inhibitory activity against partially purified histone deacetylase of human leukemia K562 cells.
Inhibitory activity against partially purified histone deacetylase of human leukemia K562 cells.
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[PMID: 10425110] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
0.5 mM
Compound: 6
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Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
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[PMID: 34826681] |
| MDA-MB-231 | GI50 |
>1000 μM
Compound: BA, sodium butyrate
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Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 5 days by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 5 days by MTT assay
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[PMID: 18543902] |
| MDA-MB-231 | IC50 |
0.6 mM
Compound: 6
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Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
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[PMID: 34826681] |
| PC-3 | GI50 |
72.44 μM
Compound: BA, sodium butyrate
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Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells after 5 days by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells after 5 days by MTT assay
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[PMID: 18543902] |
| T47D | IC50 |
0.7 mM
Compound: 6
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Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
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[PMID: 34826681] |
In Vitro
Butyric acid (1-20 mM; 24 h) induces extensive DNA degradation and apoptosis in U1 and ACH-2 cells, reduces tumor proliferation, and induces morphological changes associated with apoptosis in human colon tumor cell lines[2].
Butyric acid sodium (1 mM; 1-7 days) enhances secretion of plasma plasminogen activator, activities of cathepsin B and L, and promotes homotypic cell aggregation in cloned low-metastatic P-29 cells[5].
Butyric acid sodium (1.5 mM; 31 h) induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest in erythroleukemic cells[2].
Butyric acid (1.5 mM; 3-6 days) reduces 3H-IdUR incorporation, increases cell adhesion, and significantly enhances the migration and invasion abilities of B16a cells in mouse B16a and K-1735 cells[6].
Butyric acid (0.1-1.0 mM; 12 days) exerts an inhibitory effect on clonal growth in granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)[3].
Butyric acid (2.5-5 mM; 24-48 h) induces a morphological change from spherical to flattened shape in chicken embryo chondrocytes, and inhibits cartilage-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and DNA synthesis[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:hronic myeloid leukemia (CML) granulocyte-macrophage progenitors
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Concentration:0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mM
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Incubation Time:12 days
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Result:Significantly inhibited the clonal growth of progenitors at 0.5 mM and almost completely inhibited it at 1.0 mM.
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Cell Line:erythroleukemic cells
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Concentration:1.5 mM
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Incubation Time:31 h
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Result:Induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase.
In Vivo
Butyric acid (5 mg/pellet; subcutaneous implantation; single implantation, 1 day prior to cell injection; observation for 21 days) significantly reduces the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules in the C57BL/6 mouse metastasis model with tail vein injection of B16a melanoma cells[6].
Butyric acid sodium (100 mM; i.g.; once daily; for 4 months) exerts effects of ameliorating bone microstructure damage, repairing intestinal barrier, and upregulating the proportion of bone marrow Treg cells in the osteoporosis model of C57BL/6J mice with chronic lead exposure[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 (46-day-old female, experimental metastasis model via lateral tail vein injection of B16a melanoma cells)[6]
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Dosage:5 mg
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Administration:subcutaneous implantation; single implantation, 1 day before cell injection; observation for 21 days
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Result:Reduced mean surface lung metastases to 8.8 per mouse and median to 1.
Achieved complete tumor-free status in 9 out of 21 mice.
Decreased lung nodule count by 91.4% (mean) or 99% (median) compared to placebo controls.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 were subjected to chronic lead exposure[1]
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Dosage:100 mM
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Administration:i.g.; once daily; for 4 months
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Result:Improved the femoral microarchitecture damage caused by lead exposure; the product repaired intestinal tissue structural damage; the product upregulated the proportion of Treg cells in the bone marrow.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 156-54-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 110.09
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Formula C4H7NaO2
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CCCC(O[Na])=O
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Synonyms
Butanoic acid sodium; Butyric acid sodium
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (28)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Host Microbe
Oat-β-glucan potentiates anti-PD-1 efficacy through Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-derived butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid. [Abstract]2026 Jul 8;34(7):1333-1349.e10. PMID: 42214334 -
Transl Neurodegener
Bacteroides coprocola protects dopaminergic neurons in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis and inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Feb 28;15(1):7. PMID: 41761283 -
Autophagy
Acetylated Vps1 initiates autophagy and regulates the sorting nexin dynamics essential for pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. [Abstract]2026 May 19:1-14. PMID: 42107010 -
Nat Commun
Extracellular vesicles derived EBV tegument protein BRRF2 suppresses cGAS phase separation to promote anti-viral innate immune evasion. [Abstract]2025 Oct 10;16(1):9015. PMID: 41073405 -
Gut Microbes
Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy by modulating T cell receptor signaling of cytotoxic CD8 T cell. [Abstract]2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. PMID: 37635362
Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. [Abstract]
Sodium butyrate (BA, 150 mg/kg; i.p.; four times at 2-day intervals). Images of B16-F0 tumors in mice at day 15 post-tumor implantation.
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Theranostics
H3K27 acetylation activated-COL6A1 promotes osteosarcoma lung metastasis by repressing STAT1 and activating pulmonary cancer-associated fibroblasts. [Abstract]2021 Jan 1;11(3):1473-1492. PMID: 33391546 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
Prevotellaceae produces butyrate to alleviate PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity via PPARα-CYP4X1 axis in colonic macrophages. [Abstract]2022 Jan 3;41(1):1. PMID: 34980222
Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Jan 3;41(1):1. [Abstract]
P. loescheii colonization and butyrate supplementation downregulate IL-1β and TNF-α in colonic macrophages.In the B16F10 melanoma model,the C57BL/6 mice were orally administrated with Prevotellaceae loescheii (P. loescheii) (1 × 108 CFU/mouse/every 2 days) or Sodium butyrate (1 g/kg) for 1 week during BMS-1 (10 mg/kg)-treatment (n = 10). Representative images of immunostaining analysis of CD68+iNOS+ and CD68+CD206+ cells in colonic tissues and corresponding quantitative analysis. Scale bars, 20 μm.
Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Jan 3;41(1):1. [Abstract]
P. loescheii colonization and butyrate supplementation downregulate IL-1β and TNF-α in colonic macrophages. In the B16F10 melanoma model, the C57BL/6 mice were orally administrated with Prevotellaceae loescheii (P. loescheii) (1 × 108 CFU/mouse/every 2 days) or Sodium butyrate (1 g/kg) for 1 week during BMS-1 (10 mg/kg)-treatment (n = 10). M1 marker (iNOS and CXCL9) and M2 marker (CD206 and Arg-1) in colonic macrophages were measured by qPCR.
Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Jan 3;41(1):1. [Abstract]
P. loescheii colonization and butyrate supplementation downregulate IL-1β and TNF-α in colonic macrophages. In the B16F10 melanoma model, the C57BL/6 mice were orally administrated with Prevotellaceae loescheii (P. loescheii) (1 × 108 CFU/mouse/every 2 days) or Sodium butyrate (1 g/kg) for 1 week during BMS-1 (10 mg/kg)-treatment (n = 10). The M1 factors (IL-1β and TNF-α) and M2 factors (TGF-β and IL-10) in colonic macrophages were determined by ELISA.
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
Faecalibaculum rodentium Alleviates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Damage in Mice by Improving Intestinal Integrity and Hematopoiesis via Its Metabolite Butyrate. [Abstract]2025 Oct 13:e09383. PMID: 41082369 -
Cell Death Dis
IL-4 inhibits regulatory T cells differentiation by HDAC9-mediated epigenetic regulation. [Abstract]2021 May 18;12(6):501. PMID: 34006836 -
J Neuroinflammation
Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat. [Abstract]2021 Nov 4;18(1):254. PMID: 34736493 -
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Int J Biol Macromol
Targeting glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase-driven acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 crotonylation dysregulates cholesterol metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells. [Abstract]2026 Jan;335(Pt 2):149182. PMID: 41285334 -
Br J Pharmacol
Lactylation of lysine396 in TNFRSF25 by lysine acetyltransferase 6B aggravates ferroptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. [Abstract]2026 Jun 1. PMID: 42225083 -
Anal Chem
upsFISH: An Occupancy-Reporting Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Method for Single-Cell Detection of Chromatin Interactions. [Abstract]2026 Jun 30;98(25):19057-19069. PMID: 42322584 -
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Bioeng Transl Med
An engineered probiotic secreting Sj16 ameliorates colitis via Ruminococcaceae/butyrate/retinoic acid axis. [Abstract]2021 Apr 2;6(3):e10219. PMID: 34589596 -
Neurobiol Dis
Sodium butyrate triggers a functional elongation of microglial process via Akt-small RhoGTPase activation and HDACs inhibition. [Abstract]2018 Mar:111:12-25. PMID: 29248540
Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurobiol Dis. 2018 Mar:111:12-25. [Abstract]
Cdc42-Rac1 activation mediates the effect of SB on microglial process elongation. Representative images showing the activation effect of Cdc42 and Rac1 by Sodium butyrate (SB) (5 mM) at different time points (5, 10 min) in primary cultured microglia.
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J Med Virol
ETS Translocation Variant 5 Negatively Modulates Innate Immunity to Facilitate Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation. [Abstract]2026 Jan;98(1):e70783. PMID: 41459768 -
BMC Vet Res
Bacterial endotoxin decreased histone H3 acetylation of bovine mammary epithelial cells and the adverse effect was suppressed by sodium butyrate. [Abstract]2019 Jul 29;15(1):267. PMID: 31357995 -
Clin Transl Oncol
Sodium butyrate induces apoptosis enhanced by JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib in NK/T-cell lymphoma cell. [Abstract]2026 Feb 1. PMID: 41621012 -
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol
The acetylation modification regulates the stability of Bm30K-15 protein and its mechanism in silkworm, Bombyx mori. [Abstract]2021 Jul;107(3):e21823. PMID: 34075635 -
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Sci Total Environ
Histone hypoacetylation contributes to neurotoxicity induced by chronic nickel exposure in vivo and in vitro. [Abstract]2021 Aug 20:783:147014. PMID: 34088129 -
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Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
H2O : 100 mg/mL (908.35 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: ≥ 100 mg/mL (908.35 mM); Clear solution
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (285 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 9.0835 mL | 45.4174 mL | 90.8348 mL | 227.0869 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.8167 mL | 9.0835 mL | 18.1670 mL | 45.4174 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9083 mL | 4.5417 mL | 9.0835 mL | 22.7087 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.6056 mL | 3.0278 mL | 6.0557 mL | 15.1391 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4542 mL | 2.2709 mL | 4.5417 mL | 11.3543 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3633 mL | 1.8167 mL | 3.6334 mL | 9.0835 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.3028 mL | 1.5139 mL | 3.0278 mL | 7.5696 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2271 mL | 1.1354 mL | 2.2709 mL | 5.6772 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1817 mL | 0.9083 mL | 1.8167 mL | 4.5417 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1514 mL | 0.7570 mL | 1.5139 mL | 3.7848 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1135 mL | 0.5677 mL | 1.1354 mL | 2.8386 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0908 mL | 0.4542 mL | 0.9083 mL | 2.2709 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Sodium butyrate Related Classifications
HY-B0350A Related Classifications
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