Sterol Lipids

Glycodeoxycholic Acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces nigricans, Trypanosoma brucei and C. elegans. Glycodeoxycholic Acid induces hepatocyte necrosis and autophagy in patients with obstructive cholestasis.

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid, a acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate, is a metabolite of ursodeoxycholic acid.

Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation.

Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells.

7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) is a potent and selective agonist and endogenous ligand of the orphan GPCR receptor EBI2 (GPR183). 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol is highly potent at activating EBI2 (EC₅₀=140 pM; K_d=450 pM). 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol can serve as a chemokine directing migration of B cells, T cells and dendritic cells.

Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as a TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist, with an EC₅₀ of 31.6 µM in CHO cells.

Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth.

Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with K_d of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively. Anti-cancer activity.

Squalene (Super Squalene) is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitumour activity.

Guggulsterone is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin of the tree Commiphora wightii. Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of a wide variety of tumor cells and induces apoptosis through down regulation of antiapoptotic gene products (IAP1, xIAP, Bfl-1/A1, Bcl-2, cFLIP and survivin), modulation of cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), activation of caspases and JNK, inhibition of Akt. Guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist, with IC₅₀s of 24.06 μM and 39.05 μM for (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone (HY-N7781) and (Z)-Guggulsterone (HY-110066), respectively.

7-Dehydrocholesterol is biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol and vitamin D₃.

Lanosterol is an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis and use of lanosterol induces ubiquitination and degradation of a rate-controlling enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, i.e., HMG CoA reductase. Lanosterol suppresses the aggregation and cytotoxicity of misfolded proteins linked with neurodegenerative diseases.

Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression.

Dexamethasone acetate (Dexamethasone 21-acetate) is the acetate form of the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (HY-14648). Dexamethasone acetate has a longer duration of action than Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone acetate can accumulate at inflammatory sites, in mouse liver and mouse lung via nanostructured lipid carriers. Dexamethasone acetate can be used to prepare topical formulations for studies related to sensorineural hearing loss, γ-carrageenan-induced paw edema, chronic active hepatitis, pulmonary diseases, and inflammation after vitreoretinal surgery.

11-Ketodihydrotestosterone (11-KDHT; 5α-Dihydro-11-keto testosterone) is an endogenous steroid and a metabolite of 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione. 11-Ketodihydrotestosterone is an active androgen and is also a potent androgen receptor (AR) agonist with a K_i of 20.4 nM and an EC₅₀ of 1.35 nM for human AR. 11-Ketodihydrotestosterone drives gene regulation, protein expression and cell growth in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells.

Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Serratula coronata which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP. Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system. Crustecdysone is an active metabolite of Ecdysone (HY-N0179).

Digitoxin is an anti-cancer agent. Digitoxin induces apoptosis, inhibits influenza cytokine storm, causes DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and blocks the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Digitoxin induces calcium uptake into cells by forming transmembrane calcium channels and can be used for research of heart failure .

3-Oxo-5β-cholanoic acid (Dehydrolithocholic acid), a bile acid metabolite, inhibits the diferentiation of TH17 cells by directly binding to the key transcription factor RORγt (K_d=1.13 μM).

Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication. Pregnenolone is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels.

Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (Hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate), a glucocorticoid, is an orally active steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (SAID) with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate inhibits the bioactivity of IL-6 and IL-3 with IC₅₀ values of 6.7 and 21.4 μM, respectively. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate can be used in the study of ulcerative colitis (UC) and recurrent oral ulcers.