Cat. No.: HY-W031727

Hydroxychloroquine

88 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 88 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a synthetic oral antimalarial drug that can be used in the study of malaria and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Hydroxychloroquine is a potent autophagic flux inhibitor with antiviral activity (such as SARS-CoV-2 virus) that inhibits Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.82%
CAS No.: 118-42-3
Formula: C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃O
Molecular Weight:335.87

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Hydroxychloroquine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 118-42-3

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (88)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Plasmodium

All Parasite Isoforms :

All Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BXPC-3	IC₅₀	33 μM Compound: HCQ	Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method	[PMID: 25699157]
HCC827	IC₅₀	65 μM Compound: HCQ	Antiproliferative activity against human HCC827 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method Antiproliferative activity against human HCC827 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method	[PMID: 25699157]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	74 μM Compound: HCQ	Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method	[PMID: 25699157]
Vero	CC₅₀	36.9 μM Compound: Hydroxychloroquine	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell growth by coulter counter analysis Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell growth by coulter counter analysis	[PMID: 33479570]
Vero C1008	CC₅₀	273.2 μM Compound: HCQ	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero E6 cells by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero E6 cells by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 33609889]
Vero C1008	CC₅₀	356.4 μM Compound: Hydroxychloroquine	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability	[PMID: 37329713]
Vero C1008	EC₅₀	0.72 μM Compound: 2	Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected in Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication measured upto 48 hrs by qRT-PCR assay Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected in Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication measured upto 48 hrs by qRT-PCR assay	[PMID: 33486200]

In Vitro

Hydroxychloroquine ( 0-100 μM, 48h) can inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells^[4].
Hydroxychloroquine has anEC₅₀ value of 1.1-12 μM for various coronaviruses and has low cytotoxicity in various cell lines^[4].
Hydroxychloroquine (0-100 μM, 0-48 hours) inhibits metabolic activity, proliferation and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK 1/2 ERK in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)^[5].
Hydroxychloroquine (1-100 μM, 12/24 hours) induces a specific type of cell death in human skin fibrocytes (HDFs) that is characterized by surface exposure to phosphatidylserine but is not accompanied by DNA fragmentation^[5].
Hydroxychloroquine induces autophagy in skin fibrocytes (HDFs) by promoting the expression of autophagy regulator Beclin-1 at RNA and protein levels^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[3]

Cell Line:

Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)
Concentration:

30 μM
Incubation Time:

0-48 hours
Result:

Time-dependently decreases ERK1/2 phosphonylaf lon at Thr202/Tyr204.

In Vivo

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (25 μM, Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), Once a week for two weeks) has the effect of reducing the survival rate of endometriosis cells and the number of lesions and histopathology in mouse models of endometriosis^[6].
Hydroxychloroquine has the effect of increasing the number of peritoneal macrophages and the level of IP-10 chemokine in mouse models of endometriosis^[6].
Hydroxychloroquine (3-100 mg/kg, Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), 1 dose) significantly reduced the size of thrombus and the total time to thrombosis in a mouse model of IgG-APS^[8].
Hydroxychloroquine (10 mg/kg/d, gavage for 5 weeks) can reduce hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and organ damage in mice with severe lupus^[8].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 118-42-3
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 335.87
Formula C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃O
Color White to off-white
SMILES

ClC1=CC=C2C(NC(CCCN(CCO)CC)C)=CC=NC2=C1
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (88)

All Bio/Physico-chemical AssayCell Proliferation/Viability AssayCell Imaging/StainingWBIn Vivo Efficacy Study

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Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

Selective depletion of tumor-associated SAMHD1 enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy and antitumor immune responses. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. PMID: 41392286
Nat Biotechnol

Ras-mutant cancers are sensitive to small molecule inhibition of V-type ATPases in mice. [Abstract]

2022 Dec;40(12):1834-1844. PMID: 35879364
Mol Cancer

Overcoming multi-drug resistance in SCLC: a synergistic approach with venetoclax and hydroxychloroquine targeting the lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT/BCL2/BECN1 pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. PMID: 39478582

Hydroxychloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]

The combenefit analysis was performed to identify the synergistic interaction of drug combinations (cDDP + venetoclax, cDDP + HCQ (50-100 μM, 72 h), or cDDP + venetoclax + HCQ (0-50 μM, 72 h)) in H446/cDDP or H196/cDDP cells.

Hydroxychloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]

CCK-8 assay was used to detect the relative cell viability of H446/cDDP under drug combinations (cDDP + venetoclax, cDDP + HCQ (0-50 μM, 0-72 h), or cDDP + venetoclax + HCQ (0-50 μM, 0-72 h)) indicated above.

Hydroxychloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]

The colony formation assay demonstrated and analyzed the effectiveness of HCQ (0-50 μM) within 14 days.

Hydroxychloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]

Western blot analysis showed the expression levels of p62, LC3 I, and LC3 II in H446/cDDP cells after HCQ (0-50 μM, 0-72 h) treatment.

Hydroxychloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]

Combinations of cDDP/VP-16/PTX, venetoclax and HCQ (15 mg/kg, once every two days, ip, 2-3 weeks) shrink the tumor volume of chemoresistant SCLC in PDX mice model.
Nat Biomed Eng

Biomaterial-mediated modulation of oral microbiota synergizes with PD-1 blockade in mice with oral squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2022 Jan;6(1):32-43. PMID: 34750535
Exploration

A Bioorthogonal and Programmable Bacterial Delivery System for Spatiotemporally Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 18;5(6):20240396. PMID: 41476656
Nat Commun

Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces antitumor immunosuppression by inducing CHIP-mediated TGF-β degradation. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 14;13(1):3419. PMID: 35701426

Hydroxychloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 14;13(1):3419. [Abstract]

Following treatment with the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ, 60 mg/kg, once every other day, ip,18 days), Ursofalk no longer enhanced PD-1 antibody-mediated LLC tumor suppression.
Nat Commun

An amphiphilic dendrimer as a light-activable immunological adjuvant for in situ cancer vaccination. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 16;12(1):4964. PMID: 34400628
Acta Pharm Sin B

Spermidine inactivates proteasome activity and enhances ferroptosis in prostate cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;15(4):2095-2113. PMID: 40486852
Acta Pharm Sin B

Synergistic effects of autophagy/mitophagy inhibitors and magnolol promote apoptosis and antitumor efficacy. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;11(12):3966-3982. PMID: 35024319

Hydroxychloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Dec;11(12):3966-3982. [Abstract]

Representative photos of SH-SY5Y xenografted tumors. Mice were intraperitoneally treated with saline (Ctrl), magnolol (35 mg/kg), Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ; 50 mg/kg), Ac220 (1.5 mg/kg), magnolol þ HCQ, magnolol þ Ac220 for 23 days.
Autophagy

Efficient pharmacological modulation of autophagy in isolated muscle fibers: impact on excitation-contraction coupling. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 25:1-16. PMID: 42329081
Autophagy

A/(H1N1) pdm09 NS1 promotes viral replication by enhancing autophagy through hijacking the IAV negative regulatory factor LRPPRC. [Abstract]

2023 May;19(5):1533-1550. PMID: 36300799

Hydroxychloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Autophagy. 2023 May;19(5):1533-1550. [Abstract]

293T cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids above for 8 h and then either treated with Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (CQ; 20 μM) or not. 12 h later, cell lysates were analyzed with western blotting.
Autophagy

Genome-Scale CRISPR screen identifies LAPTM5 driving lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2023 Apr;19(4):1184-1198. PMID: 36037300
Autophagy

Identification of an autoinhibitory, mitophagy-inducing peptide derived from the transmembrane domain of USP30. [Abstract]

2022 Sep;18(9):2178-2197. PMID: 34989313
Autophagy

Increased alveolar epithelial TRAF6 via autophagy-dependent TRIM37 degradation mediates particulate matter-induced lung metastasis. [Abstract]

2022 May;18(5):971-989. PMID: 34524943
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Splicing Shift of RAC1 Accelerates Tumorigenesis and Defines a Potent Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 23:e03322. PMID: 40548642
Theranostics

Activation of TFEB-mediated autophagy by trehalose attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 27;10(13):5829-5844. PMID: 32483422
Chem Eng J

2025 Oct 15.
Nucleic Acids Res

COVID19 Drug Repository: text-mining the literature in search of putative COVID19 therapeutics. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D1113-D1121. PMID: 33166390
Exp Mol Med

Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles regulate lipophagy through PLIN2 to modulate dormancy in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 18. PMID: 41408408
Cell Discov

Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. [Abstract]

2020 Mar 18:6:16. PMID: 32194981
J Control Release

TRAIL-expressing cell membrane nanovesicles as an anti-inflammatory platform for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. [Abstract]

2020 Jan 28;320:304-313. PMID: 32004586
Environ Sci Technol

Data-Driven Discovery of Unknown Precursors of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Nontargeted Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 3;60(8):6558-6568. PMID: 41714108
Arthritis Rheumatol

mTOR inhibition prevents coronary artery remodeling in a murine model of Kawasaki disease. [Abstract]

2023 Feb;75(2):305-317. PMID: 36057112
J Immunother Cancer

Telmisartan increases olaparib efficacy in homologous recombination proficient tumors by augmenting type I interferon production. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 25;14(3):e012426. PMID: 41881499
Pharmacol Res

SNX17 protects the heart from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating LMOD2 degradation. [Abstract]

2021 Jul:169:105642. PMID: 33933636
Cell Death Dis

CACNA1H downregulation induces skeletal muscle atrophy involving endoplasmic reticulum stress activation and autophagy flux blockade. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 24;11(4):279. PMID: 32332705
Acta Pharmacol Sin

Hernandezine induces autophagic cell death in human pancreatic cancer cells via activation of the ROS/AMPK signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Apr;44(4):865-876. PMID: 36284209
Acta Pharmacol Sin

Autophagy inhibitors increase the susceptibility of KRAS-mutant human colorectal cancer cells to a combined treatment of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and lovastatin. [Abstract]

2021 Nov;42(11):1875-1887. PMID: 33608672
Phytomedicine

Glycyrrhizin alleviates the toxicity of hydroxychloroquine in treating oral lichen planus by occupying heat shock protein 90 alpha. [Abstract]

2024 Dec:135:156059. PMID: 39550918
BMC Med

HBeAg mediates inflammatory functions of macrophages by TLR2 contributing to hepatic fibrosis. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 15;19(1):247. PMID: 34649530
Phytomedicine

Daphnetin triggers ROS-induced cell death and induces cytoprotective autophagy by modulating the AMPK/Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Feb:82:153465. PMID: 33486268
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

Upconversion Nanoparticle-Based Cell Membrane-Coated cRGD Peptide Bioorthogonally Labeled Nanoplatform for Glioblastoma Treatment. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 9;14(44):49454-49470. PMID: 36300690
Br J Pharmacol

Hydroxychloroquine cures autoimmune myocarditis by inhibiting the innate immune system via the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 and C-X-C motif receptor 6 axis between macrophages and T cells. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;182(15):3649-3668. PMID: 40222951
Br J Pharmacol

A novel sorbicillinoid compound as a potent anti-inflammation agent through inducing NLRP3 protein degradation. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;180(15):1930-1948. PMID: 36788033
Clin Sci (Lond)

Mitochondrial ROS-induced lysosomal dysfunction impairs autophagic flux and contributes to M1 macrophage polarization in a diabetic condition. [Abstract]

2019 Aug 14;133(15):1759-1777. PMID: 31383716
J Transl Med

ML335 inhibits TWIK2 channel-mediated potassium efflux and attenuates mitochondrial damage in MSU crystal-induced inflammation. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 22;22(1):785. PMID: 39175013
J Autoimmun

Autophagy promotes aortic adventitial fibrosis via the IL-6/Jak1 signaling pathway in Takayasu's arteritis. [Abstract]

2019 May:99:39-47. PMID: 30765261
Mol Med

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides challenged macrophages ameliorate acetaminophen induced liver injury by activating TLR9/IRG1/itaconate metabolic pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 25;31(1):282. PMID: 40855408
Clin Chem

Discovering Cross-Reactivity in Urine Drug Screening Immunoassays through Large-Scale Analysis of Electronic Health Records. [Abstract]

2019 Dec;65(12):1522-1531. PMID: 31578215
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Phthalates promote lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through the HPX-MAPK pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 25:303:118932. PMID: 40858030
Biochem Pharmacol

Trehalose protects against cisplatin-induced cochlear hair cell damage by activating TFEB-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Mar:197:114904. PMID: 34971589
Life Sci

A 1,10-phenanthroline derivative selectively targeting telomeric G-quadruplex induces cytoprotective autophagy, causing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 26;120095. PMID: 34715135
Life Sci

Hydroxychloroquine suppresses lung tumorigenesis via inducing FoxO3a nuclear translocation through STAT3 inactivation. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 1;246:117366. PMID: 32001266
Life Sci

Berberine mitigates high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis by modulating autophagy via the mTOR/P70S6K/4EBP1 pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Feb 15;243:117277. PMID: 31926252
Precis Clin Med

Agrimol B inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by induction of lethal mitophagy through decreasing mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 14;9(2):pbag009. PMID: 41978696
Respir Res

Autophagy and exosome dynamics in Radiation-Induced pulmonary fibrosis: the critical role of TRIB3. [Abstract]

2025 May 21;26(1):194. PMID: 40399917
Front Bioeng Biotechnol

β-Elemene Reverses the Resistance of p53-Deficient Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil by Inducing Pro-death Autophagy and Cyclin D3-Dependent Cycle Arrest. [Abstract]

2020 May 8:8:378. PMID: 32457882
Int Immunopharmacol

Baicalin inhibits the Akt/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway to activate autophagy and ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 2):115883. PMID: 41308360
Bioorg Chem

Identification of FTY720 and COH29 as novel topoisomerase I catalytic inhibitors by experimental and computational studies. [Abstract]

2024 Jun:147:107412. PMID: 38696845
Eur J Pharmacol

Autophagy-dependent Na+-K+-ATPase signalling and abnormal urate reabsorption in hyperuricaemia-induced renal tubular injury. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 15:932:175237. PMID: 36063871
Cell Rep Methods

RECOVER identifies synergistic drug combinations in vitro through sequential model optimization. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 23;3(10):100599. PMID: 37797618
Rheumatology (Oxford)

Autophagy inhibitors block pathogenic NET release in immune-mediated inflammatory disease without impairing host defence. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 13:keaf437. PMID: 40802538
ACS Omega

Identification of New Modulators and Inhibitors of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 for CLN1 Batten Disease and Cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 28;9(10):11870-11882. PMID: 38496939
iScience

TLR9 decreases FOXO3 expression to prevent excessive inflammation in macrophage activation syndrome. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 17;28(12):114098. PMID: 41438053
iScience

Irradiation combined with PD-L1-/- and autophagy inhibition enhances the antitumor effect of lung cancer via cGAS-STING-mediated T cell activation. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 30;25(8):104690. PMID: 35847556
J Biol Chem

Diarylheptanoid 35d overcomes EGFR TKI resistance by inducing hsp70-mediated lysosomal degradation of EGFR in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;299(6):104814. PMID: 37178919
Sci Rep

Toxicology evaluation of overdose hydroxychloroquine on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 29;12(1):18259. PMID: 36309536
Aging

PGC-1α alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction via TFEB-mediated autophagy in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 10;13(6):8421-8439. PMID: 33714196
Cell Signal

The status of MAPK cascades contributes to the induction and activation of Gata4 and Nkx2.5 during the stepwise process of cardiac differentiation. [Abstract]

2019 Feb:54:17-26. PMID: 30471465
Open Biol

Simple, streamlined, cost-effective cDNA synthesis method from cell cultures. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;15(3):240226. PMID: 40068815
Heliyon

SARS-CoV-2 activates the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in human macrophages: A possible correlation with strong pro-inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 17;9(11):e21893. PMID: 38034686
Cell Biol Int

Induction of Ferroptosis by Shikonin in Gastric Cancer via the DLEU1/mTOR/GPX4 Axis. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 24. PMID: 40126008
J Innate Immun

Pharmacological Stimulator of Interferon Genes Activation Enhances Autophagy-Mediated Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Human Macrophages. [Abstract]

2026;18(1):126-136. PMID: 41615864
Mol Pharmacol

LZ-106 inhibits anchorage-independent growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells by a positive feedback between reactive oxygen species induction and autophagy flux blockage. [Abstract]

2025 Nov;107(11):100078. PMID: 41110219
Am J Cancer Res

MOB1A regulates glucose deprivation-induced autophagy via IL6-STAT3 pathway in gallbladder carcinoma. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 1;10(11):3896-3910. PMID: 33294275
Cell Biochem Funct

Simultaneous proteasome and autophagy inhibition synergistically enhances cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. [Abstract]

2022 Jun;40(4):403-416. PMID: 35485606
Virology

Direct blue 53, a biological dye, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking ACE2 and spike interaction in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2023 Sep:586:105-114. PMID: 37531695
Immunobiology

Different doses of hydroxychloroquine regulate the structure of intestinal flora and glycosyltransferase activity in rats with IgA nephropathy. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 12;230(3):152891. PMID: 40112730
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Macrophage Mertk mediates pressure overload-induced heart failure via type I interferon response. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 1:787:152767. PMID: 41076977
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Autophagy inhibitors enhance biomolecular delivery efficiency of extracellular vesicles. [Abstract]

2022 May 7:603:130-137. PMID: 35287054
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Exploring the mechanism of cisplatin resistance by transcriptome sequencing and reversing the chemoresistance by autophagy inhibition in small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]

2020 Dec 10;533(3):474-480. PMID: 32977950
Cancer Genet

Context-specific roles of DDX60 in colorectal cancer via autophagy regulation and DDX58 signaling. [Abstract]

2026 Apr:302-303:124-138. PMID: 41687471
Food Agric Immunol

2025 Feb 08.
STAR Protoc

Immunostaining of tumor-infiltrating immune-cell-related markers and cytokines in the tumor fractional radiation model of host PD-L1-deficient mice. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 16;3(4):101859. PMID: 36595921
bioRxiv

2026 Mar 18.
Res Sq

2026 Feb 22.
bioRxiv

2025 Nov 11.
bioRxiv

2025 May 30.
Patent

US20250025542A1.
bioRxiv

Inhibition of RhoA-mediated secretory autophagy in megakaryocytes mitigates myelofibrosis in mice. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 5:2024.12.04.626665. PMID: 39677616
Patent

US20240238271A1.
Res Sq

2024 Jun 21.
Curr Med

2023 Oct 17.
Research Square Preprint

2023 Sep 6.
Patent

US20230218606A1.
J Exp Pharmacol

Local Anesthetic Like Inhibition of the Cardiac Na+ Channel Nav1.5 by Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 8:14:353-365. PMID: 36385942
Research Square Preprint

2021 Oct.
Universidade de São Paulo

2020 Sep.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (297.73 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

1M HCl : 100 mg/mL (297.73 mM; adjust pH to 2 with HCl)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.9773 mL

14.8867 mL

29.7734 mL

5 mM

0.5955 mL

2.9773 mL

5.9547 mL

10 mM

0.2977 mL

1.4887 mL

2.9773 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Dilution Calculator

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (14.89 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 5% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 50% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (14.89 mM); Clear solution

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 5% DMSO 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (14.89 mM); Clear solution

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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mg/kg
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g
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μL
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
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The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (276 KB)
SDS (597 KB)
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COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
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GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Manzo C, et al. Psychomotor Agitation Following Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine. Drug Saf Case Rep. 2017 Dec;4(1):6. [Content Brief]

[2]. Lamphier M, et al. Novel small molecule inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR9: mechanism of action and efficacy in vivo. Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;85(3):429-40. [Content Brief]

[3]. Yao X, et al. In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 9. pii: ciaa237. [Content Brief]

[4]. Persoons L, et al. Broad spectrum anti-coronavirus activity of a series of anti-malaria quinoline analogues. Antiviral Res. 2021;193:105127. [Content Brief]

[5]. Ramser B, et al. Hydroxychloroquine modulates metabolic activity and proliferation and induces autophagic cell death of human dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(10):2419-2426. [Content Brief]

[6]. Ruiz A, et al. Effect of hydroxychloroquine and characterization of autophagy in a mouse model of endometriosis. Cell Death Dis. 2016;7(1):e2059. Published 2016 Jan 14. [Content Brief]

[7]. Edwards MH, et al. Hydroxychloroquine reverses thrombogenic properties of antiphospholipid antibodies in mice. Circulation. 1997;96(12):4380-4384. [Content Brief]

[8]. Gómez-Guzmán M, et al. Chronic hydroxychloroquine improves endothelial dysfunction and protects kidney in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Hypertension. 2014;64(2):330-337. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / 1M HCl	1 mM	2.9773 mL	14.8867 mL	29.7734 mL	74.4336 mL
	5 mM	0.5955 mL	2.9773 mL	5.9547 mL	14.8867 mL
	10 mM	0.2977 mL	1.4887 mL	2.9773 mL	7.4434 mL
	15 mM	0.1985 mL	0.9924 mL	1.9849 mL	4.9622 mL
	20 mM	0.1489 mL	0.7443 mL	1.4887 mL	3.7217 mL
	25 mM	0.1191 mL	0.5955 mL	1.1909 mL	2.9773 mL
	30 mM	0.0992 mL	0.4962 mL	0.9924 mL	2.4811 mL
	40 mM	0.0744 mL	0.3722 mL	0.7443 mL	1.8608 mL
	50 mM	0.0595 mL	0.2977 mL	0.5955 mL	1.4887 mL
	60 mM	0.0496 mL	0.2481 mL	0.4962 mL	1.2406 mL
	80 mM	0.0372 mL	0.1861 mL	0.3722 mL	0.9304 mL
	100 mM	0.0298 mL	0.1489 mL	0.2977 mL	0.7443 mL

Keywords

Hydroxychloroquine

88 Cited Publications

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Hydroxychloroquine

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Publications (88)

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References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Hydroxychloroquine Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-W031727