2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-131139A
    Ganglioside GD3 diammonium
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Ganglioside GD3 diammonium is an acidic glycosphingolipid. Ganglioside GD3 diammonium inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells, affects the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTPC), induces apoptosis and activates caspase family. Ganglioside GD3 diammonium can be used in research about cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
    Ganglioside GD3 diammonium
  • HY-W177546
    CD00509
    		Inducer 98.0%
    CD00509 is a tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (PDE) Tdp1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.71 μM. CD00509 increases DNA damage and promotes apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. CD00509 can sensitize breast cancer cells and wild-type murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to Camptothecin (CPT) (HY-16560). CD00509 can be used for the study of cancers such as breast cancer.
    CD00509
  • HY-101413
    Iberin
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Iberin (NSC 321801), a sulfoxide analogue of sulforaphane, is a naturally occurring member of isothiocyanate family. Iberin inhibits cell survival with an IC50 of 2.3 μM in HL60 cell. Iberin induces apoptosis.
    Iberin
  • HY-N6043
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate
    		Inducer 98.10%
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol acetate not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol acetate effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol acetate significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol acetate has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields.
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate
  • HY-50936S
    Trabectedin-d3
    		Inducer 98.04%
    Trabectedin D3 (Ecteinascidin 743 D3) is deuterium labeled Trabectedin. Trabectedin is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid with potent antitumor activity. Trabectedin binds to the minor groove of DNA, blocks transcription of stress-induced proteins, induces DNA backbone cleavage and cancer cells apoptosis, and increases the generation of ROS in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Trabectedin has tje potential for soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer treatment.
    Trabectedin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-76573
    ML-10
    ML-10 is a small molecule apoptosis probe. Due to the presence of fluorine atoms, ML-10 can be radiolabeled with 18F isotopes and can be used for apoptosis positron emission tomography imaging studies. ML-10 is selectively taken up and accumulated in apoptotic cells, while being excluded from live or necrotic cells. In addition, the uptake of ML-10 is associated with apoptotic features such as caspase activation, Annexin-V binding, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential.
    ML-10
  • HY-131113
    N-Nitrosodibutylamine
    		Activator 99.93%
    N-Nitrosodibutylamine (N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine) is a nitrosamine enriched in the drinking water. N-Nitrosodibutylamine regulates caspase pathway. N-Nitrosodibutylamine induces Apoptosis. N-Nitrosodibutylamine induces hepatocarcinoma and oxidative DNA damage.
    N-Nitrosodibutylamine
  • HY-143411
    GEM144
    		Inducer
    GEM144 is a potent and orally active DNA polymerase α (POLA1) and HDAC 11 dual inhibitor. GEM144 induces acetylation of p53, activation of p21, G1/S cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. GEM144 has significant antitumor activity in human orthotopic malignant pleural mesothelioma xenografts.
    GEM144
  • HY-16942
    Damulin B
    		Inducer
    Damulin B is a dammarane-type saponin found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Damulin B can inhibit cancer cell apoptosis, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibit ROS production and cause G0/G1 phase arrest. Damulin B can prevent Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced acute kidney injury and induce hair growth. Damulin B shows anti-inflammation anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect. Damulin B can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation, metabolic disease, such as lung cancer, osteoarthritis and diabetes.
    Damulin B
  • HY-114118S1
    Semaglutide-d8 tetraTFA
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Semaglutide-d8 tetraTFA is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
    Semaglutide-d<sub>8</sub> tetraTFA
  • HY-168596
    RhoA-ROCK-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.40%
    RhoA-ROCK-IN-1 (Compound b19) is an inhibitor of RhoA/ROCK. RhoA-ROCK-IN-1 can significantly inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoting cell apoptosis. RhoA-ROCK-IN-1 demonstrates remarkable anticancer activity by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
    RhoA-ROCK-IN-1
  • HY-P11354A
    THR-123 TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    THR-123 TFA is an orally active ALK3 peptide agonist. THR-123 TFA has a relatively weak binding to ALK2, but does not bind to ALK6. THR-123 TFA suppresses inflammation, Apoptosis and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program and reverses established fibrosis in five mouse models of acute and chronic renal injury. THR-123 TFA can be used for the study of kidney fibrosis.
    THR-123 TFA
  • HY-110084
    BTZO-1
    		Inducer 99.32%
    BTZO-1, a chemical probe, binds to Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with a Kd value of 68.6 nM, and its binding requires the N-terminal Pro1. BTZO-1 can activate antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated gene expression and suppress oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro.
    BTZO-1
  • HY-N6841
    Rhodiolin
    		Inducer 98%
    Rhodiolin, a flavonoid, is an orally active glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) inhibitor. Rhodiolin inhibits papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) by targeting glycolysis enzyme glucose 6-phosphate isomerase GPI and suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR phosphorylation and induce apoptosis. Rhodiolin as a NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor can disrupt dengue viral replication. Rhodiolin is also a potential candidate for developing anticancer strategies inhibiting CK1ε kinase. Rhodiolin can be used for the study of anti-tumor and anti-viral .
    Rhodiolin
  • HY-124181
    SM-1295
    		Inhibitor 98.71%
    SM-1295 is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist, with Kd values of 3077 nM, 3.2 nM and 9.5 nM for XIAP-BIR3, c-IAP1-BIR3 and c-IAP2-BIR3, respectively.
    SM-1295
  • HY-170495
    HDAC6 degrader-5
    		Inhibitor 99.55%
    HDAC6 degrader-5 (Compound 6) exhibits inhibitory and degradation activity against HDAC6, with an IC50 of 4.95 nM and a DC50 of 0.96 nM. HDAC6 degrader-5 inhibits the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, blocks the hepatocyte apoptosis. HDAC6 degrader-5 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in mouse APAP (HY-66005)-induced liver injury models.
    HDAC6 degrader-5
  • HY-B1787
    Sulindac sulfone
    		Inducer 98.10%
    Sulindac sulfone is an orally active metabolite of Sulindac (HY-B0008). Sulindac sulfone activates PPARγ and drives transcriptional induction of SSAT by binding to the PPRE-2 element. Sulindac sulfone induces Apoptosis. Sulindac sulfone negatively regulates the function of VDAC1/2 to inhibit the mTORC1 pathway, reduces Cyclin D1 levels, and induces G1 cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cells. Sulindac sulfone exerts colon cancer preventive effects through a COX-independent mechanism. Sulindac sulfone can be used in research related to colon cancer.
    Sulindac sulfone
  • HY-147929
    Apoptotic agent-3
    		Inducer 98.19%
    Apoptotic agent-3 (compound 15f) promotes apoptosis through the potential mitochondria-mediated Bcl-2/Bax pathway and activation of the Caspase 3 pathway. Apoptotic agent-3 exhibits anti-proliferative activities and can be used for cancer research.
    Apoptotic agent-3
  • HY-12895
    SKI V
    		Inducer 98.95%
    SKI V is a noncompetitive and potent non-lipid sphingosine kinase (SPHK; SK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2 μM for GST-hSK. SKI V potently inhibits PI3K with an IC50 of 6 μM for hPI3k. SKI V decreases formation of the mitogenic second messenger sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). SKI V induces apoptosis and has antitumor activity.
    SKI V
  • HY-129704B
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.62%
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity