2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-13818
    Stattic
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Stattic is a potent STAT3 inhibitor and inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation (at Y705 and S727). Stattic inhibits the binding of a high affinity phosphopeptide for the SH2 domain of STAT3. Stattic ameliorates the renal dysfunction in Alport syndrome (AS) mice.
    Stattic
  • HY-D0843
    N-Ethylmaleimide
    		Inducer 99.89%
    N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) derives from maleic acid, it can alkylates free sulfhydryl. N-Ethylmaleimide is an irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits prolyl endopeptidase with an IC50 value of 6.3 μM. N-Ethylmaleimide can be used to modify cysteine residues in proteins and peptides.
    N-Ethylmaleimide
  • HY-A0004
    Decitabine
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Decitabine (NSC 127716) is an orally active deoxycytidine analogue antimetabolite and a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Decitabine incorporates into DNA in place of cytosine can covalently trap DNA methyltransferase to DNA causing irreversible inhibition of the enzyme. Decitabine induces cell G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis. Decitabine has potent anticancer activity.
    Decitabine
  • HY-107202
    Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
    		Inducer 99.40%
    Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, and to alter the tumor microenvironment. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid can directly trigger cancer cells to undergo apoptosis.
    Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
  • HY-50202
    Etomoxir
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Etomoxir ((R)-(+)-Etomoxir) is an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT-1a), inhibits fatty acid oxidation (FAO) through CPT-1a and inhibits palmitate β-oxidation in human, rat and guinea pig.
    Etomoxir
  • HY-10358
    MK-2206 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.99%
    MK-2206 dihydrochloride (MK-2206 2HCl) is an orally active pan-AKT inhibitor, with IC50 values of 8 nM, 12 nM and 65 nM against AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, respectively. MK-2206 dihydrochloride inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces the levels of downstream GSK3β and Mcl-1 via proteasomal degradation. MK-2206 dihydrochloride induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition. MK-2206 dihydrochloride causes transient hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in animals. MK-2206 dihydrochloride can be used in research related to solid tumors, renal fibrosis and hypercholesterolemia.
    MK-2206 dihydrochloride
  • HY-12041
    SP600125
    		Modulator 99.55%
    SP600125 is an orally active, reversible, and ATP-competitive JNK inhibitor with IC50s of 40, 40 and 90 nM for JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3, respectively. SP600125 is a potent ferroptosis inhibitor. SP600125 induces the transformation of bladder cancer cells from autophagy to apoptosis.
    SP600125
  • HY-B0988
    Deferoxamine mesylate
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Deferoxamine mesylate (Deferoxamine B mesylate) is an iron chelator (binds to Fe(III) and many other metal cations), is widely used to reduce iron accumulation and deposition in tissues. Deferoxamine mesylate upregulates HIF-1α levels with good antioxidant activity. Deferoxamine mesylate also shows anti-proliferative activity, can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Deferoxamine mesylate can be used in studies of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases as well as anti-cancer and anti-COVID-19.
    Deferoxamine mesylate
  • HY-12040
    Elesclomol
    		Inducer 99.43%
    Elesclomol (STA-4783) is a potent copper ionophore and promotes copper-dependent cell death (cuproptosis). Elesclomol specifically binds ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) α2/α3 helices and β5 strand. Elesclomol inhibits FDX1-mediated Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. Elesclomol is an oxidative stress inducer that induces cancer cell apoptosis. Elesclomol is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. Elesclomol can be used for Menkes and associated disorders of hereditary copper deficiency research.
    Elesclomol
  • HY-B0240
    Disulfiram
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram, a copper ion carrier, with Cu2+ increases intracellular ROS levels and induces cuproptosis.
    Disulfiram
  • HY-13520
    Nocodazole
    		Inducer 99.59%
    Nocodazole (Oncodazole) is a rapidly-reversible inhibitor of microtubule. Nocodazole binds to β-tubulin and disrupts microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics, which prevents mitosis and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Nocodazole inhibits Bcr-Abl.
    Nocodazole
  • HY-112879
    Mito-TEMPO
    		Inhibitor 99.19%
    Mito-TEMPO is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mito-TEMPO induces mitophagy by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, restores mitochondrial membrane potential, and improves renal function and podocyte injury. Mito-TEMPO regulates Ca2+ homeostasis, inhibits Bnip3 overexpression, shortens action potential duration, and exerts antiarrhythmic effects. Mito-TEMPO reverses premature senescence, reduces trabecular bone loss, and decreases cell apoptosis. Mito-TEMPO can be used in studies of chronic kidney disease, age-related cardiac dysfunction, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and ischemic stroke.
    Mito-TEMPO
  • HY-B0764
    Bucladesine sodium
    		99.36%
    Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) sodium is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation.
    Bucladesine sodium
  • HY-B0146
    Verteporfin
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Verteporfin (CL 318952) is a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy to eliminate the abnormal blood vessels in the eye associated with conditions such as age-related macular degeneration. Verteporfin is a YAP inhibitor which disrupts YAP-TEAD interactions. Verteporfin induces cell apoptosis. Verteporfinis an autophagy inhibitor that blocks autophagy at an early stage by inhibiting autophagosome formation.
    Verteporfin
  • HY-16561
    Resveratrol
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Resveratrol (trans-Resveratrol; SRT501) is a CNS-penetrant natural polyphenolic phytoalexin that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol (SRT 501) has a wide spectrum of targets including mTOR, JAK, β-amyloid, Adenylyl cyclase, IKKβ, DNA polymerase. Resveratrol also is a specific SIRT1 activator. Resveratrol is a potent pregnane X receptor (PXR) inhibitor. Resveratrol is an Nrf2 activator, ameliorates aging-related progressive renal injury in mice model. Resveratrol increases production of NO in endothelial cells.
    Resveratrol
  • HY-70062
    Pevonedistat
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Pevonedistat (MLN4924) is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM. Pevonedistat induces the deregulation of S-phase DNA synthesis, thereby disrupting protein turnover mediated by cullin-RING ligase, leading to apoptosis of human tumor cells. Pevonedistat suppresses the growth of human tumour xenografts in mice.
    Pevonedistat
  • HY-15608
    MPTP hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.91%
    MPTP hydrochloride is a brain penetrant dopaminergic neurotoxin. MPTP hydrochloride can be used to induce Parkinson’s Disease model. MPTP hydrochloride, a precusor of MPP+, induces apoptosis. MPTP hydrochloride has been verified by MCE with professional biological experiments.
    MPTP hydrochloride
  • HY-10295
    SB 202190
    		Inducer 99.89%
    SB 202190 is a selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 50 nM and 100 nM for p38α and p38β2, respectively. SB 202190 binds to the ATP pocket of the active recombinant human p38 kinase with a Kd of 38 nM. SB 202190 has anti-cancer activity and rescued memory deficits. SB202190 induces autophagy.
    SB 202190
  • HY-10254
    Mirdametinib
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Mirdametinib (PD0325901) is an orally active, selective and non-ATP-competitive MEK inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.33 nM. Mirdametinib exhibits a Kiapp of 1 nM against activated MEK1 and MEK2. Mirdametinib suppresses the expression of p-ERK1/2 and induces apoptosis. Mirdametinib has anti-cancer activity for a broad spectrum of human tumor xenografts.
    Mirdametinib
  • HY-13803
    Tazemetostat
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) is a potent, selective and orally available EZH2 inhibitor. Tazemetostat inhibits the activity of human polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-containing wild-type EZH2 with a Ki value of 2.5 nM. Tazemetostat inhibits EZH2 with IC50s of 11 and 16 nM in peptide assay and nucleosome assay, respectively. Tazemetostat inhibits rat EZH2 with an IC50 of 4 nM. Tazemetostat also inhibits EZH1 with an IC50 of 392 nM. Tazemetostat induces apoptosis and differentiation specifically in SMARCB1-deleted MRT cells.
    Tazemetostat
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity