2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-116920A
    (R)-Alyssin
    		Activator
    (R)-Alyssin is a enantiomer of Alyssin (HY-116920). Alyssin, found in Cruciferous Vegetables, exerts anticancer activity in HepG2 by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and tubulin depolymerization.
    (R)-Alyssin
  • HY-149586
    ROS-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    ROS-IN-2 (compound 85) is a seco-lupane triterpenoid derivative. ROS-IN-2 blocks ROS production and protects mitochondria from damage by inhibiting excessive production of oxidative stressors. ROS-IN-2 can be used for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury research.
    ROS-IN-2
  • HY-A0169
    Methyl aminolevulinate
    Methyl aminolevulinate is a sensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methyl aminolevulinate penetrates the skin and induces the production of photoactive porphyrins including protoporphyrin IX in cells; upon exposure to appropriate light, it generates ROS, which triggers cellular oxidation and cell death. Methyl aminolevulinate acts as a photo-damage reversing agent through epidermal reconstruction, cytokine-mediated activation of dermal fibroblasts, elastin breakdown, new collagen formation, and compression of dilated capillaries. Methyl aminolevulinate reduces the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the early skin carcinogenesis marker TP53. Methyl aminolevulinate delays the onset of ultraviolet-induced skin tumors and reduces tumor burden in hairless mice. Methyl aminolevulinate is applicable to research related to actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma.
    Methyl aminolevulinate
  • HY-181718
    Necroptosis inducer 1
    		Activator
    Necroptosis inducer 1 is a necroptosis inducer. Necroptosis inducer 1 inhibits the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), elevates intracellular ROS levels, triggers ROS-mediated necroptosis, and induces necroptosis-dependent immunogenic cell death. Necroptosis inducer 1 inhibits tumor growth, remodels the tumor immune microenvironment, and exerts a synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 in animal models. Necroptosis inducer 1 is applicable to the research of colon cancer.
    Necroptosis inducer 1
  • HY-115806
    TC9-305
    		Inhibitor
    TC9-305 is a potent and selective apoptosis inhibitor. TC9-305 has strong inhibitory activity against both Bim and tBid-induced apoptosis with EC50 values of 0.42 and 0.23 μM. TC9-305 can maintain the mitochondrial membrane potential, reduce ROS production, prevent the release of cytochrome c and block the upstream pathways of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. TC9-305 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as storke.
    TC9-305
  • HY-182693
    CPL302-253
    		Inhibitor
    CPL302-253 is a PI3Kδ inhibitor with an IC50 of 12.20 nM and a human Kd of 0.85 nM. CPL302-253 functionally regulates PI3Kδ activity, blocks the production of IFNγ, IL-33 and ROS in immune cells, and affects immune function. CPL302-253 blocks the progression of asthma-inducing inflammatory responses in a mouse model of asthma. CPL302-253 can be used for research related to asthma.
    CPL302-253
  • HY-149151
    Variegatic acid
    Variegatic acid is a secondary metabolite derived from basidiomycete fungi. Variegatic acid is a PKCβ1 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 36.2 μM. Variegatic acid inhibits antigen- or calcium ionophore-induced β-hexosaminidase release (IC₅₀ values of 10.4 μM and 22.2 μM, respectively) and TNF-α secretion (IC₅₀ values of 16.8 μM and 20.1 μM, respectively). Variegatic acid suppresses the enzymatic activity of calcium-activated PKCβ1 and reduces Fe(III) to Fe(II) in a pH-dependent manner, enabling the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through reaction with H₂O₂, which facilitates the degradation of lignocellulose. Variegatic acid is useful for studying biological degradation and allergic responses.
    Variegatic acid
  • HY-W743769
    3′-Oxolutein
    		Inhibitor
    3′-Oxolutein, a metabolite of dietary lutein, is an anti-inflammatory agent and antioxidant, 3′-Oxolutein mitigates the effects of glutamate-induced ROS production and proinflammatory cytokine secretions in SH-SY5Y cells. 3'-Oxolutein reduces glutamate-induced iron content and increases thiol levels. 3′-Oxolutein can be used for the study of inflammation.
    3′-Oxolutein
  • HY-172153
    CDK2-IN-41
    		Inducer
    CDK2-IN-41 (Compound 7a) is a CDK2 inhibitor that exerts anticancer activity by binding to CDK2, thereby inhibiting the cell cycle, inducing cytotoxicity, promoting ROS production, and triggering Apoptosis. CDK2-IN-41 exhibits an IC50 of 10 µM against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) HL-60 cells. It holds potential for research in AML-related cancer therapy.
    CDK2-IN-41
  • HY-170579
    Antioxidant agent-20
    		Inhibitor
    Antioxidant agent-20 (Compound 3d) has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant agent-20 reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant agent-20 exhibits photoprotective effect against UVB-irradiated human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) (IC50=5.13 µM) via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and inhibition of NF-κB pathway.
    Antioxidant agent-20
  • HY-119695B
    Simvastatin acid calcium hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid (Tenivastatin) calcium hydrate is a potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin acid calcium hydrate reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin acid calcium hydrate can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin acid calcium hydrate
  • HY-170416
    ROS inducer 6
    		Inducer
    ROS inducer 6 (compound 9) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. ROS inducer 6 (compound 9) acts as an anticancer agent by inducing ROS generation through the depletion of intracellular glutathione.
    ROS inducer 6
  • HY-N18065
    Kuwanon Y
    		Inhibitor
    Kuwanon Y is a Diels-Alder type adduct with antioxidant activity. Kuwanon Y is present in the stem bark of Morus macroura Miq.
    Kuwanon Y
  • HY-A0148
    Halofantrine
    		Inhibitor
    Halofantrine (SKF-102886 hydrochloride; WR-171669 hydrochloride) is a blocker that delays the delayed rectifier potassium current by inhibiting human ERG channels, and it is a potent antimalarial agent with oral activity. Halofantrine inhibits the Cap1-dependent oxidative stress response of Candida albicans, suppresses ROS responses, and enhances the antifungal (Fungal) activity of oxidative damage agents. Halofantrine exhibits antifungal activity in the Galleria mellonella model, and shows antimalarial activity against Plasmodium strains both in vitro and in animal models. Halofantrine can be used in studies related to invasive candidiasis, falciparum malaria, and vivax malaria.
    Halofantrine
  • HY-169994
    BC13
    		Inducer
    BC13 is a CDK6/BRD4 inhibitor with the IC50 values of 234 nM and 36 nM for CDK6 and BRD4, respectively. BC13 shows antiproliferative activity and induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage. BC13 increases in ROS levels.
    BC13
  • HY-111060
    LY231617 free base
    		Inhibitor
    LY231617 free base is a potent and blood-brain barrier penetrable antioxidant. LY231617 free base is a neuroprotective agent in brain, it can be used for the research of nervous disease.
    LY231617 free base
  • HY-182287
    PRDX1-IN-4
    		Activator
    PRDX1-IN-4 is a PRDX1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 122 nM against human targets and high subtype selectivity. PRDX1-IN-4 covalently binds to PRDX1 to promote ROS accumulation. PRDX1-IN-4 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, blocks hepatic stellate cell activation and reduces collagen deposition. PRDX1-IN-4 induces apoptosis in activated hepatic stellate cells. PRDX1-IN-4 has good safety profile, with no significant body weight loss or hepatotoxicity observed in mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg. PRDX1-IN-4 ameliorates CCl4-induced liver injury and liver fibrosis in mice at a dose of 1 mg/kg. PRDX1-IN-4 can be used for the research of liver fibrosis.
    PRDX1-IN-4
  • HY-153889
    BTA-EG4
    		Inducer
    BTA-EG4 is a catalase-amyloid interaction inhibitor, which can significantly enhance the neurotoxicity of amyloid peptides in catalase-overexpressing neuronal cells, and can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
    BTA-EG4
  • HY-129727
    (E)-MS0019266
    (E)-MS0019266 is a potent inhibitor of DNA damage repair. (E)-MS0019266 inhibits ribonucleotide reductase by generating reactive oxygen species. (E)-MS0019266 also reduces expression of genes related to cell cycle arrest and mitosis, including polo-like kinase 1, kinesin family member 20a, cyclin B1 and aurora kinase A. (E)-MS0019266 is promising for research of inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase and polo-like kinase 1.
    (E)-MS0019266
  • HY-115292S
    Simvastatin hydroxy acid-d6sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin hydroxy acid-d6 sodium (Tenivastatin-d6 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium (HY-115292). Simvastatin hydroxy acid (Tenivastatin) sodium is a potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin hydroxy acid-d<sub>6</sub>sodium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity