2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0356AR
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) monohydrochloride is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[4].
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N17406
    Dankasterone A
    		Activator
    Dankasterone A is a secondary metabolite. Dankasterone A can be derived from the Fungus Talaromyces purpurogenu. Dankasterone A upregulates HO-1 protein expression, induces Apoptosis, induces excessive ROS production. Dankasterone A has anti-cancer activity against prostate cancer.
    Dankasterone A
  • HY-N7719R
    Oosporein (Standard)
    		MDM2 Inhibitor
    Oosporein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oosporein (HY-N7719). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oosporein is a microbial metabolite and a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. Oosporein can promote the reproduction of fungi in host bodies by inhibiting insect immunity, and possesses multiple activities such as antibacterial, antiviral (HSV), and insecticidal effects. Oosporein can inhibit plant growth. In addition, Oosporein can also induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Oosporein has certain antitumor activity.
    Oosporein (Standard)
  • HY-N0052C
    Sanguinarine (gluconate)
    		Agonist
    Sanguinarine (Sanguinarin) gluconate, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB.
    Sanguinarine (gluconate)
  • HY-183364
    MTHFD2-IN-8
    		Inducer
    MTHFD2-IN-8 is a selective MTHFD2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.066 μM. MTHFD2-IN-8 directly binds to intracellular mitochondrially localized protein MTHFD2 and accumulates selectively in tumor mitochondria. MTHFD2-IN-8 increases intracellular ROS levels, induces mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, arrests cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. MTHFD2-IN-8 inhibits tumor growth in a mouse colon cancer graft model.
    MTHFD2-IN-8
  • HY-173473
    Anticancer agent 272
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 272 (Compound 2) is an anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 272 has significant anti-bladder cancer cell (T-24) activity (IC50: 2.81 μM). Anticancer agent 272 consumes glutathione (GSH) through Fenton-like reaction, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyl radicals (?OH), and induces apoptosis and ferroptosis. Anticancer agent 272 can enhance chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and promote tumor cell death through mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Anticancer agent 272 has potential in the study of bladder cancer.
    Anticancer agent 272
  • HY-168097
    Ferroptosis inducer-6
    		Inducer
    Ferroptosis inducer 6 (6d) is a ferroptosis inducer with high potency for type I/-II photodynamic therapy by inducing ROS generation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Ferroptosis inducer 6 has anti-tumor activity.
    Ferroptosis inducer-6
  • HY-130237R
    Cinnamtannin B-1 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Cinnamtannin B-1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cinnamtannin B-1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cinnamtannin B-1 is a anthocyanidin. Cinnamtannin B-1 inhibits the osteoclast formation by inhibiting NF-kB signaling pathway and ROS generation. Cinnamtannin B-1 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Cinnamtannin B-1 is orally active.
    Cinnamtannin B-1 (Standard)
  • HY-P992451
    RLYB331
    		Inhibitor
    RLYB331 (KY1066) is a is a monoclonal antibody targeting Matriptase-2 (TMPRSS6). RLYB331 binds to the serine protease active site of matriptase-2, blocking protease activity to increase hepcidin expression. RLYB331 reduces iron overload, inhibits α-aggregates, reduces ROS, inhibits apoptosis, and enhances erythroid differentiation. RLYB331 ameliorates ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemic mouse models. RLYB331 can be used for the research of β-thalassemia.
    RLYB331
  • HY-155568
    Anti-inflammatory agent 47
    Flo8 is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound. Flo8 inhibits the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and suppresses neuronal apoptotic by inhibiting inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. Flo8 can be used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) research.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 47
  • HY-B1125R
    Glucosamine (Standard)
    Isomogroside V (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isomogroside V. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isomogroside V is a sweetener, which extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle).
    Glucosamine (Standard)
  • HY-B0223S4
    Albendazole-d3-1
    Albendazole-d3-1 (SKF-62979-d3-1) is the deuterium labeled Albendazole (HY-B0223). Albendazole (SKF-62979) is an orally active and broad-spectrum parasiticide with high effectiveness and low host toxicity, is used for the research of gastrointestinal parasites in humans and animals. Albendazole induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Albendazole also inhibits tubulin polymerization and HIF-1α, VEGF expression, has antioxidant activity, and inhibits the glycolytic process in cancer cells.
    Albendazole-d<sub>3</sub>-1
  • HY-175214
    Antitumor photosensitizer-9
    		Agonist
    Antitumor photosensitizer-9 is a near-infrared Photosensitizer (PS) with a high singlet oxygen production rate (relative rate = 1.79). Antitumor photosensitizer-9 exhibits strong phototoxicity against various cancer cells and induces ROS generation under light irradiation. Antitumor photosensitizer-9 inhibits tumor growth in vivo and exhibits excellent anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy at low drug and light doses. Antitumor photosensitizer-9 can be used in photodynamic therapy research.
    Antitumor photosensitizer-9
  • HY-128741R
    D-Allose (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    D-Allose (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Allose (HY-128741). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose (Standard)
  • HY-170774
    Hypoxia inducer-1
    		Inhibitor
    Hypoxia inducer-1 (Compound N6) is an orally active hypoxia activated nitric oxide (NO) donor compound. Hypoxia inducer-1 exhibits highly selective NO release under hypoxic conditions and inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis, necrosis, and the increase in ROS levels. Hypoxia inducer-1 regulates vascular dilation and has a protective effect in a mouse model of myocardial hypoxia injury. Hypoxia inducer-1 can be used in the research of coronary heart disease.
    Hypoxia inducer-1
  • HY-181725
    Topoisomerase I-IN-20
    		Activator
    Topoisomerase I-IN-20 is a Topoisomerase I inhibitor. Topoisomerase I-IN-20 disrupts DNA synthesis and transcription, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Topoisomerase I-IN-20 induces S-phase cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis in cancer cells, which is characterized by upregulated expression of p53, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9, along with downregulated expression of Bcl-2. Topoisomerase I-IN-20 increases intracellular ROS levels. Topoisomerase I-IN-20 is applicable to lung cancer-related research.
    Topoisomerase I-IN-20
  • HY-N8054
    1-Hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucoside
    		Inhibitor
    1-Hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucoside (Compound 4) is an antioxidative compound.
    1-Hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucoside
  • HY-B1777S
    Spermine-15N2
    Spermine-15N2 (NSC 268508-15N2) is the 15N-labeled Spermine (HY-B1777). Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro.
    Spermine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-175275
    10-Butyl Ether Minocycline
    		Inhibitor
    10-Butyl Ether Minocycline (BEM), a Minocycline (HY-17412A) derivative, is an MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibitor with IC50s of 69.4 µM and 47.0 µM, respectively. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline suppresses LPS (HY-D1056)-induced microglial activation. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and L-Glutamine (HY-N0390)-induced ROS levels. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline significantly reduces alcohol consumption in the Chronic Intermittent Ethanol (CIE) mouse model of alcohol dependence. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline can be used for the study of neuroimmune-inflammatory diseases and Alcohol use disorder (AUD).
    10-Butyl Ether Minocycline
  • HY-178342
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-18
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 is a potent orally activeXanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.263 μM). Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 exerts inhibition by directly and stably binding to the xanthine oxidase Mo-co active site. Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 exhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity. Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 shows anti-hyperuricemia effects in a Potassium oxonate (HY-17511)-induced hyperuricemic rat model. Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 can be used for hyperuricemia, breast and lung cancer research.
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-18
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity