2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-181999
    PC8
    		Activator
    PC8 is a selective dual inhibitor of PARP1/CDK6, with an IC50 of 0.126 μM for PARP1 and 0.197 μM for CDK6. PC8 does not alter PARP1 expression, but reduces the expression of its downstream target PAR. PC8 inhibits the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PC8 induces intracellular ROS accumulation and exacerbates DNA damage. PC8 inhibits the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. PC8 can be used for the research of triple-negative breast cancer.
    PC8
  • HY-175633
    ML210-ansaFc
    ML210-ansaFc (Compound III-13) is a covalent GPX4 inhibitor with a -ferrocenophane group (IC50 of 3.4 μM). ML210-ansaFc potently induces ferroptosis by increasing the level of ROSand promoting lipid peroxidation (LPO) in cancers cells. ML210-ansaFc has an anticancer activity and suppresses tumor growth in tumor 3D spheroids. ML210-ansaFc can be used for cancer therapy resistance research.
    ML210-ansaFc
  • HY-W014423S7
    L-Histidine-d3 hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    L-Histidine-d3 hydrochloride hydrate is the deuterium labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-180114
    NSS-18
    		Activator
    NSS-18 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of AChE and MAO-B, with IC50 values of 1.53 and 1.51 μM respectively. NSS-18 can inhibit the self-aggregation of Aβ. NSS-18 inhibits the intracellular generation of ROS induced by Aβ. NSS-18 shows a moderate neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA (HY-B1081)-induced neurotoxicity. NSS-18 can form chelates with metal ions such as Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, and Zn²⁺, with the strongest chelation being with Cu²⁺. NSS-18 can be used for the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    NSS-18
  • HY-W018197R
    2-Phenylacetamide (Standard)
    		Inducer
    2-Phenylacetamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Phenylacetamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Phenylacetamide is a estrogen-like compound that can be isolated from Lepidium apetalum seeds. 2-Phenylacetamide inhibits p38 MAPK signaling pathway, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, and anti-fibrosis effects. 2-Phenylacetamide is orally active.
    2-Phenylacetamide (Standard)
  • HY-N13756
    Deoxymikanolide
    		Activator
    Deoxymikanolide is an orally active antibacterial agent that inhibits catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Deoxymikanolide increases glycan metabolism, phosphorus metabolism, electric conductivity, intrabacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, causes cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic damage, and cell disruption in Ralstonia solanacearum. Deoxymikanolide inhibits Acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Deoxymikanolide can be used for the research of bacterial wilt.
    Deoxymikanolide
  • HY-123928
    Contilisant
    		Inhibitor
    Contilisant is a permeable antioxidant and neuroprotectant agent. Contilisant exhibits high nM affinity at H3R. Contilisant inhibits monoamine oxidases and cholinesterases. Contilisant has a binding affinity of 65.23 nM towards hS1R. Contilisant can significantly restore cognitive deficit induced by Aβ1-42 in the radial maze assay of Alzheimer’s animal model.
    Contilisant
  • HY-169957
    ROS-ERS inducer 2
    		Inducer
    ROS-ERS inducer 2 (Complex 3f) triggers intracellular ROS generation and affect the function of mitochondria. promote the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ROS-ERS inducer 2 plays an important role in anti-liver cancer research.
    ROS-ERS inducer 2
  • HY-N10106
    Dihydromyristicin
    		Inhibitor
    Dihydromyristicin, a plant flavonoid, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. Dihydromyristicin reduces endotoxic inflammation via repressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways.
    Dihydromyristicin
  • HY-N8253R
    Spiraeoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Spiraeoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spiraeoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spiraeoside, an orally active natural compound, exerts antioxidant activity, inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde production. Spiraeoside possesses antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
    Spiraeoside (Standard)
  • HY-P5762A
    Phoenixin-14 TFA
    		Inhibitor
    Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) TFA is an endogenous neuropeptide with multiple biological activities, and serves as the endogenous ligand of GPR173. Phoenixin-14 TFA reduces ROS production by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling axis, thereby exerting antioxidant and mitochondrial protective effects. Phoenixin-14 TFA inhibits FOXO3 phosphorylation by upregulating SIRT3 expression, suppresses apoptosis, and improves myocardial systolic/diastolic function. Phoenixin-14 TFA resists ferroptosis by activating the ATF4/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis; it activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation via GPR173. Phoenixin-14 TFA can be used in researches on neuroprotection, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, reproductive protection and so on.
    Phoenixin-14 TFA
  • HY-151940
    Mal-Pc
    		Activator
    Mal-Pc is a versatile molecular photosensitizer designed based phthalocyanine and maleimides. Mal-Pc can react with GSH to deplete GSH and reduce aggregation, thereby improving ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)-mediated effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer cells.
    Mal-Pc
  • HY-178352
    MAO-B-IN-49
    		Inducer
    MAO-B-IN-49 is a selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 of 1 nM for human MAO-B). MAO-B-IN-49 shows much higher selectivity for MAO-B than for MAO-A (IC50 = 633.9 μM). MAO-B-IN-49 can reduce ROS production induced by Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS) in HT22 cells. MAO-B-IN-49 demonstrates substantial neuroprotective properties and significantly improves motor dysfunction in MPTP (HY-W114750)-induced mouse models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). MAO-B-IN-49 can be used for the study of PD.
    MAO-B-IN-49
  • HY-146058
    NF-κB/PON1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    NF-κB/PON1-IN-1 (Compound 16) is a NF-κB/PON1 pathway inhibitor. NF-κB/PON1-IN-1 has antioxidant (IC50 = 45.76 µM) and hepatoprotective activities.
    NF-κB/PON1-IN-1
  • HY-175834
    DNA/TOP2A-IN-1
    		Activator
    DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 is an inhibitor of DNA and TOP2A. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 selectively binds to TOP2A, not TOP2B, and interacts with DNA and TOP2A to form a stable DM1-TOP2A-DNA ternary complex. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 induces DNA damage, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 disrupts microtubule distribution and induces cell cycle arrest. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 shows strong antiproliferative activity and inhibits cell migration. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 inhibits tumor growth and can be used for TNBC research.
    DNA/TOP2A-IN-1
  • HY-114716
    Jacareubin
    		Inhibitor
    Jacareubin is a xanthone compound that can be isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense. Jacareubin has antibacterial, antioxidant, gastroprotective properties, and also has certain cancer cell toxicity, which can be used in cancer research.
    Jacareubin
  • HY-136778
    INH2BP
    		Inhibitor
    INH2BP is a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. INH2BP reduces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulates the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 and enhances cell survival through the activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. INH2BP is promising for research of cardiovascular diseases.
    INH2BP
  • HY-N7781R
    (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-(E) -guggulsterone (Standard) is the analytical standard for (-)-(E) -guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) (HY-N7781). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats.
    (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone (Standard)
  • HY-159898
    AChE/BChE-IN-23
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BChE-IN-23 (Compound 6e) is an AChE/BChE inhibitor (IC50: 0.91 μM, 1.19 μM and 1.01 μM for hAChE, eq BChE and hBChE, respectively). AChE/BChE-IN-23 has antioxidant activity and inhibits Aβ1-42 and Tau protein aggregation. AChE/BChE-IN-23 also inhibits microglial activation by reducing ROS release and mitochondrial injury. AChE/BChE-IN-23 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human microglial cells. AChE/BChE-IN-23 also reverses the Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory impairment in mice model.
    AChE/BChE-IN-23
  • HY-178909
    Y502-2304
    		Activator
    Y502-2304 is a c-Myc G-quadruplex stabilizer. Y502-2304 exhibits potent antiproliferative activity in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Y502–2304 downregulates c-Myc mRNA and protein expression. Y502-2304 induces apoptosis in MM cells, characterizes by elevated γH2AX levels, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Y502-2304 significantly inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft MM model. Y502-2304 can be used for the study of multiple myeloma.
    Y502-2304
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity