Forskolin
Based on 213 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Forskolin (Coleonol) is a potent adenylate cyclase activator with an IC50 of 41 nM and an EC50 of 0.5 μM for type I adenylyl cyclase. Forskolin is also an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation. Forskolin induces differentiation of various cell types and activates pregnane X receptor (PXR) and FXR. Forskolin exerts a inotropic effect on the heart, and has platelet antiaggregatory and antihypertensive actions. Forskolin also induces autophagy.
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- Reinheit: 99.92%
- CAS. Nr.: 66575-29-9
- Formel: C22H34O7
- Molecular Weight:410.50
-
Speicherung:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Forskolin
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023 Aug 9;8(1):290. [Abstract]
- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 Feb 28;6(1):91. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2023 Jun 12;41(6):1103-1117.e12. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2026 Jan 22;189(2):640-658.e22. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2024 Jun 6;187(12):2935-2951.e19. [Abstract]
- J Hepatol. 2026 Jan 21:S0168-8278(26)00016-4. [Abstract]
- Nat Genet. 2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. [Abstract]
- Nat Genet. 2023 Dec;55(12):2175-2188. [Abstract]
- Nat Immunol. 2024 Nov;25(11):2057-2067. [Abstract]
- Immunity. 2024 Feb 13;57(2):364-378.e9. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2026 Mar;8(3):704-721. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2022 Jan;4(1):29-43. [Abstract]
- Ann Rheum Dis. 2025 Oct 28:S0003-4967(25)04428-0. [Abstract]
- Bioact Mater. 2025 Apr 29:50:525-539. [Abstract]
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- Nat Aging. 2024 Mar;4(3):396-413. [Abstract]
- Nat Cell Biol. 2023 Jul;25(7):937-949. [Abstract]
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- J Neurotrauma. 2021 Feb;38(3):353-364. [Abstract]
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- Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2024 Sep 16:pyae040. [Abstract]
- J Proteome Res. 2024 Dec 6;23(12):5540-5553. [Abstract]
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- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2025 Aug 22;1870(8):159683. [Abstract]
- Dis Model Mech. 2023 Oct 1;16(10):dmm050206. [Abstract]
- Endocrinology. 2022 Dec 19;164(2):bqac210. [Abstract]
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- Biol Reprod. 2024 Jul 16:ioae110. [Abstract]
- FEBS Lett. 2021 Nov;595(22):2829-2843. [Abstract]
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
-
WB
-
Cell Migration/Invasion Assay
-
In Vivo Efficacy Study
-
In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biologische Aktivität
IC50: 41 nM (Adenylyl cyclase)[1]
EC50: 0.5 μM (Adenylyl cyclase)[1]
|
Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BT-474 | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: 1
|
Antiproliferative activity against human BT474 cells after 48 hrs by Alamar blue assay
Antiproliferative activity against human BT474 cells after 48 hrs by Alamar blue assay
|
[PMID: 28838692] |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
0.0937 μM
Compound: FSK
|
Agonist activity at recombinant human AC8 expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as fold increase in cAMP level by LANCE Ultra cAMP Detection kit method
Agonist activity at recombinant human AC8 expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as fold increase in cAMP level by LANCE Ultra cAMP Detection kit method
|
[PMID: 31776060] |
| Hepatocyte | EC50 |
0.7 μM
Compound: Colforsin
|
Activation of PXR in human cryopreserved hepatocytes assessed as induction of CYP3A4
Activation of PXR in human cryopreserved hepatocytes assessed as induction of CYP3A4
|
[PMID: 20966043] |
| HepG2 | EC50 |
2.7 μM
Compound: Colforsin
|
Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 after 24 hrs by luminescent analysis
Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 after 24 hrs by luminescent analysis
|
[PMID: 20966043] |
| HepG2 | EC50 |
7.1 μM
Compound: Colforsin
|
Activation of rat PXR expressed in human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based luminescent analysis
Activation of rat PXR expressed in human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based luminescent analysis
|
[PMID: 20966043] |
| HepG2 | EC50 |
7.9 μM
Compound: Colforsin
|
Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based luminescent analysis
Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based luminescent analysis
|
[PMID: 20966043] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
63.3 μM
Compound: 1
|
Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by Alamar blue assay
Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by Alamar blue assay
|
[PMID: 28838692] |
| NIH-3T3-G185 | IC50 |
188.2 μM
Compound: Forskolin
|
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of LDS-751 efflux in NIH-3T3-G185 cells
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of LDS-751 efflux in NIH-3T3-G185 cells
|
[PMID: 11716514] |
| NIH-3T3-G185 | IC50 |
80.2 μM
Compound: Forskolin
|
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Daunorubicin efflux in NIH-3T3-G185 cells
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Daunorubicin efflux in NIH-3T3-G185 cells
|
[PMID: 11716514] |
| Vero | CC50 |
674 μM
Compound: 10
|
Cytotoxicity against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 17663539] |
| Vero | EC50 |
7.5 μM
Compound: 10
|
Antiviral activity against SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication by ELISA
Antiviral activity against SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication by ELISA
|
[PMID: 17663539] |
Forskolin (Coleonol) is also a potent exosome biogenesis and/or secretion activator in prostate cancer (PC) cells[8].
Forskolin (Fsk) is a naturally occurring diterpene isolated from Coleus forskholii, directly activates adenylyl cyclase (AC) through its catalytic subunit to increase intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)[1].
Forskolin (Fsk) affects the proliferation of the human T-cell lines such as Kit 225 and MT-2. Forskolin treatment inhibits the proliferation of both Kit 225 and MT-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 equal to ~5 μM Fsk. Forskolin treatment (10-100 μM) increases cAMPi levels ~5- to 20-fold above basal levels, which reache maximum levels between 50-100 μM Forskolin[6].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
The average blood glucose in the healthy rat group is 102.12±1.94 mg/dL, 101.25±3.56 for control group and 103±2.08 in forskolin group. The data shows that glucose levels at the end of the study are lower in forskolin group, with a significant difference according to the statistical tests applied (p=0.03)[7].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
-
CAS. Nr. 66575-29-9
-
Appearance Solid
-
Molecular Weight 410.50
-
Formel C22H34O7
-
Color White to off-white
-
SMILES
O=C1[C@@]2(O)[C@]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@]3([H])C(C)(C)CC[C@H](O)[C@@]32C)(C)O[C@@](C)(C=C)C1
-
Synonyms
Coleonol; Colforsin; HL 362
-
Structure Classification
-
Initial Source
-
Versand
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Speicherung
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (213)
-
Journal Impact Factor
-
Most Recent
-
Signal Transduct Target Ther
NPRC deletion mitigated atherosclerosis by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in ApoE knockout mice. [Abstract]2023 Aug 9;8(1):290. PMID: 37553374
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023 Aug 9;8(1):290. [Abstract]
Representative Western blot images of eNOS expression in HAECs treated by forskolin (24 h) and H89.
-
Signal Transduct Target Ther
Eosinophil-derived chemokine (hCCL15/23, mCCL6) interacts with CCR1 to promote eosinophilic airway inflammation. [Abstract]2021 Feb 28;6(1):91. PMID: 33640900 -
Cancer Cell
Evolutionary states and trajectories characterized by distinct pathways stratify patients with ovarian high grade serous carcinoma. [Abstract]2023 Jun 12;41(6):1103-1117.e12. PMID: 37207655 -
Cell
2026 Jan 22;189(2):640-658.e22. PMID: 41270732 -
Cell
Innervation of nociceptor neurons in the spleen promotes germinal center responses and humoral immunity. [Abstract]2024 Jun 6;187(12):2935-2951.e19. PMID: 38772371 -
J Hepatol
AF6 knockout-induced upregulation of bile acid production promotes CXCL14-mediated antitumor immunity in HCC. [Abstract]2026 Jan 21:S0168-8278(26)00016-4. PMID: 41577299 -
Nat Genet
Single-nucleus multi-omic profiling of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts identifies cellular trajectories during pregnancy. [Abstract]2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. PMID: 38267607 -
Nat Genet
Multiomic analysis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma identifies cellular ecosystems with biological and clinical relevance. [Abstract]2023 Dec;55(12):2175-2188. PMID: 37985817 -
Nat Immunol
2024 Nov;25(11):2057-2067. PMID: 39358444 -
Immunity
Small-molecule CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferase inhibition mobilizes leukocytes from the bone marrow via the endocrine stress response. [Abstract]2024 Feb 13;57(2):364-378.e9. PMID: 38301651 -
Nat Metab
SLC6A6 imports taurine into mitochondria to sustain mitochondrial translation and tumour growth. [Abstract]2026 Mar;8(3):704-721. PMID: 41652173 -
Nat Metab
2022 Jan;4(1):29-43. PMID: 34992299 -
Ann Rheum Dis
2025 Oct 28:S0003-4967(25)04428-0. PMID: 41162285 -
Bioact Mater
Construction of vascularized liver microtissues recapitulates angiocrine-mediated hepatocytes maturation and enhances therapeutic efficacy for acute liver failure. [Abstract]2025 Apr 29:50:525-539. PMID: 40391105 -
Bioact Mater
Bioprinted constructs that simulate nerve-bone crosstalk to improve microenvironment for bone repair. [Abstract]2023 Apr 21:27:377-393. PMID: 37122897 -
Nat Aging
Aging induces region-specific dysregulation of hormone synthesis in the primate adrenal gland. [Abstract]2024 Mar;4(3):396-413. PMID: 38503993 -
Nat Cell Biol
Delivery of low-density lipoprotein from endocytic carriers to mitochondria supports steroidogenesis. [Abstract]2023 Jul;25(7):937-949. PMID: 37277481
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Cell Biol. 2023 Jul;25(7):937-949. [Abstract]
Forskolin upregulates PLD6 expression. H295R cells were treated without or with 10 µM forskolin for 2 h and then harvested for real-time quantitative PCR analysis.
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Cancer Res
Mutant KRAS and CK2 Cooperatively Stimulate SLC16A3 Activity to Drive Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression. [Abstract]2025 Apr 3;85(7):1253-1269. PMID: 39854318 -
Nat Commun
Engineered model of heart tissue repair for exploring fibrotic processes and therapeutic interventions. [Abstract]2024 Sep 12;15(1):7996. PMID: 39266508 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
2025 Dec;15(12):6382-6398. PMID: 41477334 -
Sci Transl Med
2020 May 6;12(542):eaba0769. PMID: 32376767 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
An Automated Organotypic SCN Culture System Revealing Novel Insights into VIP Regulation of Circadian Rhythm. [Abstract]2026 Feb;13(10):e11069. PMID: 41536242 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
GPR37 Activation Alleviates Bone Cancer Pain via the Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis and Neuronal Hyperexcitability. [Abstract]2025 Apr;12(14):e2417367. PMID: 39965073 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Granulosa Cell-Layer Stiffening Prevents Escape of Mural Granulosa Cells from the Post-Ovulatory Follicle. [Abstract]2024 Jul 1:e2403640. PMID: 38946588 -
Neuro Oncol
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 22 activates integrin β1 through its disintegrin domain to promote the progression of pituitary adenoma. [Abstract]2024 Jan 5;26(1):137-152. PMID: 37555799
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neuro Oncol. 2024 Jan 5;26(1):137-152. [Abstract]
CCK-8 cell viability assay of indicated cells after treatment with either vehicle control or forskolin (50 μM) or forskolin (50 μM) + H89 (20 μM) for 48 hours.
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neuro Oncol. 2024 Jan 5;26(1):137-152. [Abstract]
WB analysis of ADAM22 expression in indicated cells after treatment with either forskolin (50 μM), H89 (20 μM), or forskolin(50 μM) + H89(20 μM) for 48 hours.
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neuro Oncol. 2024 Jan 5;26(1):137-152. [Abstract]
Transwell invasion assay of AtT20 and TtT/GF cells after treatment with either vehicle control or forskolin (50 μM) or forskolin (50 μM) + H89 (20 μM) for 48 hours.Scale bar, 100 μm.
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J Adv Res
A novel TGR5 agonist Sauchinone ameliorates IMQ induced murine psoriasis by regulating macrophage polarization. [Abstract]2025 Apr 22:S2090-1232(25)00278-4. PMID: 40274226 -
J Adv Resl
Discovery of novel and potent P2Y14R antagonists via structure-based virtual screening for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. [Abstract]2020 Feb 13;23:133-142. PMID: 32123586 -
Biomaterials
Chemical induced conversion of mouse fibroblasts and human adipose-derived stem cells into skeletal muscle-like cells. [Abstract]2018 Dec 6;193:30-46. PMID: 30554025 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
GPR65 sensing tumor-derived lactate induces HMGB1 release from TAM via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway to promote glioma progression. [Abstract]2024 Apr 4;43(1):105. PMID: 38576043 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
SCP2-mediated cholesterol membrane trafficking promotes the growth of pituitary adenomas via Hedgehog signaling activation. [Abstract]2019 Sep 13;38(1):404. PMID: 31519191 -
Sci Adv
Targeting PSMD14 combined with arachidonic acid induces synthetic lethality via FADS1 m6A modification in triple-negative breast cancer. [Abstract]2025 May 9;11(19):eadr3173. PMID: 40344056 -
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Environ Sci Technol
Prenatal Exposure to Primary Aromatic Amines: Structure-Dependent Transplacental Transfer Mechanism and Toxicity. [Abstract]2026 Mar 3;60(8):6057-6069. PMID: 41706595 -
Cell Rep Med
A human patient-derived organoid biobank to model tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic vulnerability for oral squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2026 Feb 17;7(2):102622. PMID: 41707653 -
Mater Today Bio
PKA activation rescues myocardial injury elicited by silica nanoparticles through improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and copper homeostasis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 10:37:103021. PMID: 41890951 -
Clin Cancer Res
CDK9 inhibition by dinaciclib is a therapeutic vulnerability in epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. [Abstract]2024 Sep 13;30(18):4179-4189. PMID: 39052240 -
J Neuroinflammation
β-adrenergic signaling triggers enteric glial reactivity and acute enteric gliosis during surgery. [Abstract]2023 Nov 8;20(1):255. PMID: 37941007 -
Environ Int
Gestational exposure to nanoplastics disrupts fetal development by promoting the placental aging via ferroptosis of syncytiotrophoblast. [Abstract]2025 Mar:197:109361. PMID: 40080956 -
Biomater Res
Distinct Roles of Matrigel Enabled the Production of Expandable Hepatoblast and Polarized Hepatocyte Organoids from Human Embryonic Stem Cells under 3-Dimensional Suspension Conditions. [Abstract]2025 Nov 7:29:0280. PMID: 41209312 -
Cell Death Dis
2023 Apr 25;14(4):292. PMID: 37185889 -
Cell Death Dis
Crosstalk of Synapsin1 palmitoylation and phosphorylation controls the dynamicity of synaptic vesicles in neurons. [Abstract]2022 Sep 12;13(9):786. PMID: 36097267 -
Cell Death Dis
P2Y14 receptor has a critical role in acute gouty arthritis by regulating pyroptosis of macrophages. [Abstract]2020 May 26;11(5):394. PMID: 32457291 -
J Am Soc Nephrol
Inhibiting Focal Adhesion Kinase Ameliorates Cyst Development in Polycystin-1-Deficient Polycystic Kidney Disease in Animal Model. [Abstract]2021 Sep;32(9):2159-2174. PMID: 34465607 -
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ACS Sens
Development of mKate3/HaloTag7 (JFX650) and CFP/YFP Dual-Fluorescence (or Förster) Resonance Energy Transfer Pairs for Visualizing Dual-Molecular Activity. [Abstract]2024 Oct 25;9(10):5264-5274. PMID: 39340466 -
Cell Commun Signal
2025 Feb 26;23(1):111. PMID: 40012038 -
Cell Commun Signal
LPA1-mediated inhibition of CXCR4 attenuates CXCL12-induced signaling and cell migration. [Abstract]2023 Sep 25;21(1):257. PMID: 37749552 -
Dev Cell
Vascular organoid model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome uncovers repression of the SRF pathway in premature aging. [Abstract]2025 Nov 27:S1534-5807(25)00690-2. PMID: 41314218 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Forskolin-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan and silk nonofiber hydrogels composite scaffolds improve skin regeneration. [Abstract]2025 Apr 14;310(Pt 1):142931. PMID: 40239781 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Isolation and functional characterization of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi. [Abstract]2018 Oct 1:117:42-50. PMID: 29800669 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
2025 Oct 17. PMID: 41107403 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Endothelial Gsα deficiency promotes ferroptosis and exacerbates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via the inhibition of NRF2 signaling. [Abstract]2025 May;46(5):1289-1302. PMID: 39806063 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
In situ reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes in mouse heart with chemicals. [Abstract]2024 Nov;45(11):2290-2299. PMID: 38890526
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2024 Nov;45(11):2290-2299. [Abstract]
Schemes of generating Fsp1-Cre:R26R-loxp-tdTomato mice and drug treatment to induce in situ transdifferentiation. Fsp1-Cre mice were crossed with R26Rloxp-tdTomato mice in which the expression of tdTomato is prevented by a loxP-flanked STOP cassette. The F1 mice would have the red fluorescent protein tdTomato expressed specifically in the fibroblasts. CRFVPTM were given once a week for 6 weeks. Immunofluorescence staining of the cryosections of the hearts from Fsp1-Cre:R26R-loxp-tdTomato mice treated with vehicle (b) or CRFVPTM (c) for 6 weeks. C: CHIR99021, 14 mg/kg; R: RepSox, 8.6 mg/kg; F: Forskolin, 61.6 mg/kg; V: VPA, 250 mg/kg; T: TTNPB, 1 mg/kg and M: Rolipram, 2.5 mg/kg; P: Parnate, 2.7 mg/kg, CRFTM by oral gavage and VP by intraperitoneal injection once a week for 6 weeks in mice at about 8 weeks of age.
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2024 Nov;45(11):2290-2299. [Abstract]
Whole-heart imaging with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy after tissue clearing of the hearts from Fsp1-Cre:R26R-loxp-tdTomato mice treated with vehicle (a) or CRFVPTM (b). (C: CHIR99021, 14 mg/kg; R: RepSox, 8.6 mg/kg; F: Forskolin, 61.6 mg/kg; V: VPA, 250 mg/kg; T: TTNPB, 1 mg/kg and M: Rolipram, 2.5 mg/kg; P: Parnate, 2.7 mg/kg, CRFTM by oral gavage and VP by intraperitoneal injection once a week for 6 weeks in mice at about 8 weeks of age).
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2024 Nov;45(11):2290-2299. [Abstract]
a Schemes of obtaining PDGFRα-DreER:R26R-rox-tdTomato mice and drug treatment to induce in situ cardiac reprogramming in PDGFRα-DreER:R26R-roxtdTomato mice. PDGFRα-DreER mice were mated with R26R-rox-tdTomato mice in which the expression of tdTomato is prevented by a roxflanked STOP cassette. The expression of tdTomato in fibroblasts was turned on by tamoxifen treatment. CRFVPTM were given once a week for 6 weeks. b Body weigh change of the mice after chemical treatment. Immunofluorescence staining of the cryosections of the hearts from PDGFRα-DreER:R26R-rox-tdTomato mice treated with vehicle (c) or CRFVPTM (d) for 6 weeks. (C: CHIR99021, 14 mg/kg; R: RepSox, 8.6 mg/kg; F: Forskolin, 61.6 mg/kg; V: VPA, 250 mg/kg; T: TTNPB, 1 mg/kg and M: Rolipram, 2.5 mg/kg; P: Parnate, 2.7 mg/kg, CRFTM by oral gavage and VP by intraperitoneal injection once a week for 6 weeks in mice at about 8 weeks of age).
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2024 Nov;45(11):2290-2299. [Abstract]
Immunofluorescence staining of α-actinin in cryosections of hearts from Fsp1-Cre:R26R-loxp-tdTomato mice treated with 7 C cocktail (CRFVPTM) or cocktails by removing 1 compound from 7 C (7C-X) for 6 weeks in vivo with Fsp1-Cre:R26R-loxp-tdTomato mice. (C: CHIR99021, 14 mg/kg; R: RepSox, 8.6 mg/kg; F: Forskolin, 61.6 mg/kg; V: VPA, 250 mg/kg; T: TTNPB, 1 mg/kg and M: Rolipram, 2.5 mg/kg; P: Parnate, 2.7 mg/kg, CRFTM by oral gavage and VP by intraperitoneal injection once a week for 6 weeks in mice at about 8 weeks of age).
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Acta Pharmacol Sin
TRPV4 channel is involved in HSV-2 infection in human vaginal epithelial cells through triggering Ca2+ oscillation. [Abstract]2023 Apr;44(4):811-821. PMID: 36151392 -
Phytomedicine
Liquiritigenin attenuates thrombosis by inhibiting P2Y12R-mediated Src/PLCγ2 signaling and cytoplasmic Ca2+ mobilization in platelets. [Abstract]2025 Dec:149:157553. PMID: 41273866 -
Phytomedicine
Fangchinoline suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SQLE to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulation. [Abstract]2025 May:140:156484. PMID: 40090046 -
EMBO J
E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP facilitates cAMP and cGMP signalling cross-talk by polyubiquitinating PDE9A. [Abstract]2025 Feb;44(4):1249-1273. PMID: 39806097 -
Phytomedicine
Red ginseng extracts ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by activating the intestinal TGR5-mediated bile acids signaling pathway. [Abstract]2023 Oct:119:154982. PMID: 37531904 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Salvianolic acid B drives gluconeogenesis and peroxisomal redox remodeling in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: A metabolism regulation by metabolite signal crosstalk. [Abstract]2025 Mar 1:229:399-414. PMID: 39855316 -
Part Fibre Toxicol
Chronic exposure to polystyrene microplastics induced male reproductive toxicity and decreased testosterone levels via the LH-mediated LHR/cAMP/PKA/StAR pathway. [Abstract]2022 Feb 17;19(1):13. PMID: 35177090 -
Tumour Virus Res
Ad-VT oncolytic adenovirus suppresses bladder cancer via cAMP-dependent AMPK-Raptor activation and G2/M arrest. [Abstract]2026 Jan 29:200337. PMID: 41619809 -
Sci Total Environ
Gestational exposure to PM2.5 disrupts fetal development by suppressing placental trophoblast syncytialization via progranulin/mTOR signaling. [Abstract]2024 Apr 15:921:171101. PMID: 38387595 -
Food Res Int
Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide-rich lotus leaf extract promotes a Brown-fat-phenotype in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. [Abstract]2023 Jan:163:112198. PMID: 36596137 -
J Headache Pain
2025 Sep 30;26(1):194. PMID: 41029476 -
Clin Sci
Epac1 mediates thermogenesis and lipolysis in white adipose tissue via the p38γ-NFAT5 axis in a PKA-independent manner. [Abstract]2025 May 22:CS20256710. PMID: 40411181 -
Environ Res
Perfluorooctanoic acid disrupts thyroid-specific genes expression and regulation via the TSH-TSHR signaling pathway in thyroid cells. [Abstract]2023 Dec 15;239(Pt 1):117372. PMID: 37827365 -
Br J Pharmacol
Glucagon up-regulates hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 through cAMP-responsive element-binding protein; inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by ginsenoside Rb1. [Abstract]2019 Aug;176(16):2962-2976. PMID: 31166615 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Teriparatide induces angiogenesis in ischemic cerebral infarction zones of rats through AC/PKA signaling and reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2022 Apr:148:112728. PMID: 35220030 -
Environ Pollut
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate impairs primordial follicle assembly by increasing PDE3A expression in oocytes. [Abstract]2021 Feb 1;270:116088. PMID: 33234378 -
PLoS Biol
The scale of zebrafish pectoral fin buds is determined by intercellular K+ levels and consequent Ca2+-mediated signaling via retinoic acid regulation of Rcan2 and Kcnk5b. [Abstract]2024 Mar 25;22(3):e3002565. PMID: 38527087 -
J Genet Genomics
microRNA-2184 orchestrates Mauthner-cell axon regeneration in zebrafish via syt3 modulation. [Abstract]2024 Sep;51(9):911-921. PMID: 38582297 -
Cell Rep
Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the succinate receptor SUCNR1. [Abstract]2024 Jun 25;43(7):114381. PMID: 38923454 -
Cell Rep
Gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acids regulate dendritic cells to attenuate autoimmune uveitis through TGR5 signaling. [Abstract]2021 Sep 21;36(12):109726. PMID: 34551302 -
Cell Rep
Neuronal activity recruits the CRTC1/CREB axis to drive transcription-dependent autophagy for maintaining late-phase LTD. [Abstract]2021 Jul 20;36(3):109398. PMID: 34289350 -
J Med Chem
Discovery of Novel P2Y14R Inhibitors for Ameliorating Liver Fibrosis by Suppressing Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. [Abstract]2025 Nov 13;68(21):23277-23299. PMID: 41178760 -
Neural Regen Res
RNA sequencing of exosomes secreted by fibroblast and Schwann cells elucidates mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve regeneration. [Abstract]2024 Aug 1;19(8):1812-1821. PMID: 38103248 -
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Mol Metab
ANKRD53 is downregulated in human obesity and coordinates lipolysis with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in adipocytes. [Abstract]2026 Mar:105:102330. PMID: 41654016 -
Mol Metab
RNA-binding protein YBX3 promotes PPARγ-SLC3A2 mediated BCAA metabolism fueling brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis. [Abstract]2024 Oct 29:102053. PMID: 39481849 -
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
2024 Mar 1;118(3):817-828. PMID: 37820768 -
Phytother Res
Protective effects of 4-geranyloxy-2,6-dihydroxybenzophenonel on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via regulation of cAMP/PKA/CREB and NF-κB signaling pathways. [Abstract]2023 Apr;37(4):1330-1345. PMID: 36428266 -
Transl Psychiatry
TGR5 dysfunction underlies chronic social defeat stress via cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the hippocampus. [Abstract]2025 Oct 6;15(1):366. PMID: 41053031 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals liver developmental trajectory during lineage reprogramming of human induced hepatocyte-like cells. [Abstract]2025 Apr 6;82(1):139. PMID: 40188417 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
Phosphorylation of the compartmentalized PKA substrate TAF15 regulates RNA-protein interactions. [Abstract]2024 Apr 3;81(1):162. PMID: 38568213 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Impact of isothiazolinone biocides on gonadal steroid production: Focus on 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition. [Abstract]2025 Apr 25:297:118226. PMID: 40286734 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Fluorene-9-bisphenol regulates steroidogenic hormone synthesis in H295R cells through the AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. [Abstract]2022 Sep 15:243:113982. PMID: 35987080 -
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Cell Biol Toxicol
Regression of castration-resistant prostate cancer by a novel compound QW07 targeting androgen receptor N-terminal domain. [Abstract]2020 Oct;36(5):399-416. PMID: 32002708 -
Chin Med
Isoforskolin modulates AQP4-SPP1-PIK3C3 related pathway for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via cAMP signaling. [Abstract]2023 Oct 10;18(1):128. PMID: 37817209 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Indole selectively suppresses aldosterone overproduction via binding to the catalytic site of CYP11B2. [Abstract]2025 Jul 26;242(Pt 1):117190. PMID: 40721010 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Yangjing Zhongyu decoction facilitates mitochondrial activity, estrogenesis, and energy metabolism in H2O2-induced human granulosa cell line KGN. [Abstract]2022 Sep 15:295:115398. PMID: 35605921 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Total barley maiya alkaloids inhibit prolactin secretion by acting on dopamine D2 receptor and protein kinase A targets. [Abstract]2021 Jun 12:273:113994. PMID: 33711439 -
Cancer Metab
Glucagon signaling via supraphysiologic GCGR can reduce cell viability without stimulating gluconeogenic gene expression in liver cancer cells. [Abstract]2022 Feb 5;10(1):4. PMID: 35123542 -
Nutr Diabetes
Intrauterine hyperglycaemia during late gestation caused mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of male offspring through CREB/PGC1A signaling. [Abstract]2024 Jul 23;14(1):56. PMID: 39043630 -
J Pathol
Novel prognostication biomarker adipophilin reveals a metabolic shift in uveal melanoma and new therapeutic opportunities. [Abstract]2023 Jun;260(2):203-221. PMID: 36825655 -
Glia
RetSat Knockout Mitigates Hypoxia-Induced Microglial Activation by Enhancing Lipid Droplets Degradation. [Abstract]2026 Feb;74(2):e70118. PMID: 41388745 -
Life Sci
Targeting Epac1 to protect the blood brain barrier from inflammation-induced dysfunction: Evidence from an in vitro model. [Abstract]2025 Oct 14:382:124022. PMID: 41101634 -
Drug Des Devel Ther
Dexmedetomidine Prolongs Lidocaine Intravenous Regional Anesthesia in Rats by Blocking the Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current. [Abstract]2024 Apr 9:18:1103-1114. PMID: 38618283 -
Commun Biol
2022 Jul 28;5(1):750. PMID: 35902736 -
Life Sci
Genistein accelerates glucose catabolism via activation the GPER-mediated cAMP/PKA-AMPK signaling pathway in broiler chickens. [Abstract]2022 Aug 15:303:120676. PMID: 35640778 -
Nutrients
Anti-Melanogenesis Effect of Polysaccharide from Saussurea involucrata on Forskolin-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. [Abstract]2022 Nov 27;14(23):5044. PMID: 36501075 -
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PLoS Pathog
2025 Dec 3;21(12):e1013731. PMID: 41337097 -
Int J Mol Sci
2025 Sep 26;26(19):9419. PMID: 41096688 -
Int J Mol Sci
The Activation of p300 Enhances the Sensitivity of Pituitary Adenomas to Dopamine Agonist Treatment by Regulating the Transcription of DRD2. [Abstract]2024 Nov 21;25(23):12483. PMID: 39684198 -
Int J Mol Sci
Cinnamic Acid, Perillic Acid, and Tryptophan Metabolites Differentially Regulate Ion Transport and Serotonin Metabolism and Signaling in the Mouse Ileum In Vitro. [Abstract]2024 Jun 18;25(12):6694. PMID: 38928404 -
Int J Mol Sci
Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Lung Cancer Cells Impairs the Activation of Antitumor Cytotoxic Responses in Mice. [Abstract]2023 Jan 4;24(2):990. PMID: 36674504 -
Int J Mol Sci
2022 Feb 23;23(5):2442. PMID: 35269585 -
Front Pharmacol
Sinigrin Enhanced Antiasthmatic Effects of Beta Adrenergic Receptors Agonists by Regulating cAMP-Mediated Pathways. [Abstract]2020 May 20;11:723. PMID: 32508648 -
Front Bioeng Biotechnol
Transdifferentiating Astrocytes Into Neurons Using ASCL1 Functionalized With a Novel Intracellular Protein Delivery Technology. [Abstract]2018 Nov 21:6:173. PMID: 30525033 -
Eur J Pharm Sci
Transplacental transfer of metformin and interaction of metformin with the uptake transporters of placental trophoblast cells. [Abstract]2025 Jun 8:212:107161. PMID: 40494429 -
ACS Appl Bio Mater
Differential Effects of Confinement on the Dynamics of Normal and Tumor-Derived Pancreatic Ductal Organoids. [Abstract]2024 Dec 16;7(12):8489-8502. PMID: 39576883 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Hypersampsonone H attenuates ulcerative colitis via inhibition of PDE4 and regulation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Feb 15:128:111490. PMID: 38218008 -
Toxicology
Integration of vitro models with machine learning and epidemiological data reveals PCB-induced glucose metabolism disruption linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. [Abstract]2025 Aug 18:518:154264. PMID: 40834992 -
ACS Omega
2023 Nov 25;8(48):45606-45615. PMID: 38075767 -
Structure
Triangulating variation in the population to define mechanisms for precision management of genetic disease. [Abstract]2022 Aug 4;30(8):1190-1207.e5. PMID: 35714602 -
FASEB J
Placental Pathology and HTRA4-Mediated Autophagic Flux Disruption in Selective Fetal Growth Restriction Types I and III: A Morphological and Transcriptomic Study. [Abstract]2026 Jan 31;40(2):e71471. PMID: 41553058 -
FASEB J
FFAR4 Functions as a DHA Receptor to Attenuate LPS-Induced Inflammation via the cAMP/IκBα Pathway in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea). [Abstract]2025 Nov 30;39(22):e71068. PMID: 41261997 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
METTL3 promotes human amniotic epithelial stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells by regulation of MaFA expression. [Abstract]2025 May 13:167904. PMID: 40374016 -
J Ovarian Res
Downregulation of FASN in granulosa cells and its impact on ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS. [Abstract]2025 Apr 1;18(1):67. PMID: 40170064 -
iScience
2025 Apr 3;28(5):112344. PMID: 40276762 -
iScience
Celsr3 is required for Purkinje cell maturation and regulates cerebellar postsynaptic plasticity. [Abstract]2021 Jul 1;24(7):102812. PMID: 34308297 -
J Lipid Res
2018 Feb;59(2):330-338. PMID: 29229738
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Lipid Res. 2018 Feb;59(2):330-338. [Abstract]
Forskolin (FSK) -stimulated dephsphorylation of HDAC5 is also inhibited by Thapsigargin (THA) treatment in primary hepatocytes.
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Neurochem Int
H2S inhibits LiCl/pilocarpine-induced seizures and promotes neuroprotection by regulating TRPV2 expression via the AC3/cAMP/PKA pathway. [Abstract]2024 Mar:174:105677. PMID: 38290616 -
Antiviral Res
Artesunate inhibits PDE4 leading to intracellular cAMP accumulation, reduced ERK/MAPK signaling, and blockade of influenza A virus vRNP nuclear export. [Abstract]2023 Jul:215:105635. PMID: 37192683 -
J Dermatol Sci
Roflumilast enhances the melanogenesis and attenuates oxidative stress-triggered damage in melanocytes. [Abstract]2023 May;110(2):44-52. PMID: 37069030
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Dermatol Sci. 2023 May;110(2):44-52. [Abstract]
Roflumilast (10 or 100 μM), forskolin (20 or 40 μM), and the combination of 10 μM roflumilast with 20 μM forskolin exhibited no toxicity to PIG1 cells after 24 h of treatment.
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J Biol Chem
Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing triggers type I interferon activation via the Hippo kinase LATS1. [Abstract]2026 Jan 23;302(3):111204. PMID: 41581871 -
Sci Rep
Dynamic shifts in trophoblast nucleos(t)ide metabolism, transport, and adenosine signaling during gestation and preterm birth. [Abstract]2025 Aug 18;15(1):30275. PMID: 40825832 -
Sci Rep
Multi-omics study reveals gut microbiota dysbiosis and tryptophan metabolism alterations in GH-PitNET progression. [Abstract]2025 Jul 7;15(1):24261. PMID: 40624207 -
Biomedicines
2025 Jan 1;13(1):82. PMID: 39857666 -
Biomedicines
Generation of a Pure Culture of Neuron-like Cells with a Glutamatergic Phenotype from Mouse Astrocytes. [Abstract]2022 Apr 18;10(4):928. PMID: 35453678 -
ACS Chem Neurosci
2018 Dec 19;9(12):3175-3185. PMID: 30091580 -
J Neurotrauma
Utx Regulates the NF-κB Signaling Pathway of Natural Stem Cells to Modulate Macrophage Migration during Spinal Cord Injury. [Abstract]2021 Feb;38(3):353-364. PMID: 32977735 -
Cell Signal
The role of FAK signaling in early placental development and trophoblast lineage specification in human pregnancy. [Abstract]2025 Jun 17:111946. PMID: 40553964 -
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol
Upregulation of Phosphodiesterase 7A Contributes to Concurrent Pain and Depression via Inhibition of cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF Signaling and Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus of Mice. [Abstract]2024 Sep 16:pyae040. PMID: 39283715 -
J Proteome Res
Proteomic Analysis of Microsomal Proteins Reveals That MVP Is Crucial for the Secretion of GDF-15, Which in Turn Promotes the Neuroendocrine Differentiation of PCa Cells. [Abstract]2024 Dec 6;23(12):5540-5553. PMID: 39472282 -
Mol Cell Endocrinol
An intracellular VHH targeting the Luteinizing Hormone receptor modulates G protein-dependent signaling and steroidogenesis. [Abstract]2024 Aug 1:589:112235. PMID: 38621656 -
Epigenetics Chromatin
Ovulatory signal-triggered chromatin remodeling in ovarian granulosa cells by HDAC2 phosphorylation activation-mediated histone deacetylation. [Abstract]2023 Apr 19;16(1):11. PMID: 37076890 -
Front Med
Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Paracrine Signals Potentiate Human Liver Organoid Differentiation: Translational Implications for Liver Regeneration. [Abstract]2021 Sep 23;8:746298. PMID: 34631757 -
Orphanet J Rare Dis
2020 Jun 30;15(1):170. PMID: 32605631 -
Andrology
Expression of IL-33 in rodent testes and its role in Leydig cell steroidogenesis and aging. [Abstract]2025 Jun 16. PMID: 40521800 -
Andrology
Cellular mechanism underlying leptin-induced anion secretion of rat epididymal epithelial cells. [Abstract]2024 May 22. PMID: 38778669 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids
Modulation of lipid droplet biogenesis by p38 MAPK and caspase-1 in docosahexaenoic acid-induced EA.hy926 endothelial cell apoptosis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 22;1870(8):159683. PMID: 40850528 -
Dis Model Mech
Glycosphingolipids are linked to elevated neurotransmission and neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Niemann Pick type C. [Abstract]2023 Oct 1;16(10):dmm050206. PMID: 37815467 -
Endocrinology
Decreased expression of EZH2 in granulosa cells contributes to endometriosis-associated infertility by targeting IL-1R2. [Abstract]2022 Dec 19;164(2):bqac210. PMID: 36524678 -
Front Oncol
SUZ12 Loss Amplifies the Ras/ERK Pathway by Activating Adenylate Cyclase 1 in NF1-Associated Neurofibromas. [Abstract]2021 Oct 6;11:738300. PMID: 34692515 -
Korean J Pain
Perampanel ameliorates nitroglycerin-induced migraine through inhibition of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway in the trigeminal ganglion in rats. [Abstract]2023 Jul 1;36(3):335-346. PMID: 37394274 -
Biol Reprod
2025 Jul 28:ioaf166. PMID: 40719351 -
Biol Reprod
2024 Jul 16:ioae110. PMID: 39012723 -
FEBS Lett
miR-221/222 suppression induced by activation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB1 pathway is required for cAMP-induced bidirectional differentiation of glioma cells. [Abstract]2021 Nov;595(22):2829-2843. PMID: 34687039 -
Biol Reprod
Prolonging photoperiod promotes testosterone synthesis of Leydig cells by directly targeting local melatonin system in rooster testes†. [Abstract]2021 Nov 15;105(5):1317-1329. PMID: 34401899 -
J Reprod Immunol
2025 Dec 29:173:104829. PMID: 41478132 -
Peptides
Isolation functional characterization of allatotropin receptor from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. [Abstract]2019 Dec;122:169874. PMID: 29198647 -
Reprod Toxicol
Cadmium exposure causes trophoblast abnormal syncytization and endocrine dysfunction in preeclampsia. [Abstract]2025 Apr 27:135:108934. PMID: 40300673 -
Genes (Basel)
CHIR99021 and Brdu Are Critical in Chicken iPSC Reprogramming via Small-Molecule Screening. [Abstract]2024 Sep 13;15(9):1206. PMID: 39336797 -
J Cell Biochem
Fsk and IBMX inhibit proliferation and proapoptotic of glioma stem cells via activation of cAMP signaling pathway. [Abstract]2019 Jan;120(1):321-331. PMID: 30171713
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan;120(1):321-331. [Abstract]
The combination of Fsk and IBMX (Fsk-IBMX) inhibits the expression of cAMP related protein. The results of Western blot in glioma stem cells (GSCs).
Forskolin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan;120(1):321-331. [Abstract]
U0126 enhances the negative effect of Fsk-IBMX on the development of glioma stem cells (GSCs).
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Placenta
Adenosine promotes trophoblast proliferation without inducing differentiation or apoptosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec:172:150-158. PMID: 41240505 -
J Cosmet Dermatol
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Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (243.61 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Konzentration (Stammlösung) × Volumen (Stammlösung) = Konzentration (Ziellösung) × Volumen (Ziellösung)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.09 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protokoll
Quiescent Kit 225 or MT-2 cells are seeded into 96-well plates at 5×104 cells per well. Cells are then pretreated for 1 h with 1% DMSO (vehicle) or Forskolin at 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μMconcentrations. The cells are stimulated with IL-2 and cultured for an additional 20 h at 37°C. Control cells are treated with 1% DMSO for 20 h. During the final 4 h of incubation, the cells are pulsed with [3H]thymidine at a concentration of 0.5 μCi/200 μL. Cells are harvested onto fiberglass filters and analyzed using liquid scintillation counting[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[3]
C57BL/6J mice are used. Mrp4-knockout mice, which are established and repeatedly backcrossed to the C57BL/6J mice. Forskolin is injected intraperitoneally into neonatal mice at postnatal days 4 (P4) and 5 (P5). Mice injected with DMSO serve as the controls. The treated mice are euthanized at P6, and their retinas are isolated for whole-mount immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect of different concentrations of Forskolin on the survival rate and retinal vasculature is first tested, and the optimal concentration is determined, 1.0 μg/50 μL (0.3 mg/kg) at P4 and 1.5 μg/50 μL (0.5 mg/kg) at P5, used to compare the retinal vascular phenotypes between WT mice and Mrp4-deficient mice.
Rats[4]
Male Wistar rats, aged 10-14 weeks old, with a mean weight of 300 g±50 g, are divided into four groups; 19 are experimentally induced to develop diabetes, and 8 are maintained in a healthy condition. Both diabetic and healthy rats receive no Forskolin (control), or 6 mg/kg per day of Forskolin, administered orally for 8 weeks. Blood glucose levels are determined in each group before and after Forskolin treatment. The diabetic rats are tested two weeks after confirming the presence of diabetes (three weeks after the induction) and after eight weeks of the designated treatment.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Reinheit & Dokumentation
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Data Sheet (293 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
Verweise
[1]. Robbins JD, et al. Forskolin carbamates: binding and activation studies with type I adenylyl cyclase. J Med Chem. 1996 Jul 5;39(14):2745-52. [Content Brief]
[2]. Matsumiya W, et al. Forskolin modifies retinal vascular development in Mrp4-knockout mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Dec 7;53(13):8029-35. [Content Brief]
[3]. Mayati A, et al. Functional polarization of human hepatoma HepaRG cells in response to forskolin. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 31;8(1):16115. [Content Brief]
[4]. Awad JA, et al. Interactions of forskolin and adenylate cyclase. Effects on substrate kinetics and protection against inactivation by heat and N-ethylmaleimide. J Biol Chem. 1983 Mar 10;258(5):2960-5. [Content Brief]
[5]. Seamon KB, et al. Structure-activity relationships for activation of adenylate cyclase by the diterpene forskolin and its derivatives. J Med Chem. 1983 Mar;26(3):436-9. [Content Brief]
[6]. Ríos-Silva M, et al. Effect of chronic administration of forskolin on glycemia and oxidative stress in rats with and without experimental diabetes. Int J Med Sci. 2014 Mar 11;11(5):448-52. [Content Brief]
[7]. Rodriguez G, et al. Forskolin-inducible cAMP pathway negatively regulates T-cell proliferation by uncoupling the interleukin-2 receptor complex. J Biol Chem. 2013 Mar 8;288(10):7137-46. [Content Brief]
[8]. Amrita Datta, et al. High-throughput screening identified selective inhibitors of exosome biogenesis and secretion: A drug repurposing strategy for advanced cancer. Sci Rep. 2018 May 25;8(1):8161. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.4361 mL | 12.1803 mL | 24.3605 mL | 60.9013 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4872 mL | 2.4361 mL | 4.8721 mL | 12.1803 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2436 mL | 1.2180 mL | 2.4361 mL | 6.0901 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1624 mL | 0.8120 mL | 1.6240 mL | 4.0601 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1218 mL | 0.6090 mL | 1.2180 mL | 3.0451 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0974 mL | 0.4872 mL | 0.9744 mL | 2.4361 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0812 mL | 0.4060 mL | 0.8120 mL | 2.0300 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0609 mL | 0.3045 mL | 0.6090 mL | 1.5225 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0487 mL | 0.2436 mL | 0.4872 mL | 1.2180 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0406 mL | 0.2030 mL | 0.4060 mL | 1.0150 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0305 mL | 0.1523 mL | 0.3045 mL | 0.7613 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0244 mL | 0.1218 mL | 0.2436 mL | 0.6090 mL |