Palmatine
Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Palmatine is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC50 of 96 μM. Palmatine shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities.
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- No. CAS: 3486-67-7
- Fòrmula: C21H22NO4+
- Peso molecular:352.40
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Almacenamiento:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
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Actividad biológica
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Chemical Information
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Palmatine
More- Phytomedicine. 2026 May 14:157:158290. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Sep 4:148:157233. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117238. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 May:106:108583. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2025 Dec 20;49(1):11. [Abstract]
- Biol Res. 2020 Sep 14;53(1):39. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2024 May 14;29(10):2304. [Abstract]
- Drug Dev Res. 2022 Nov;83(7):1613-1622. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2026 May:316:110992. [Abstract]
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Mar 11:2021:6660193. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Actividad biológica
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IDO-1 3 μM (IC50, HEK 293-hIDO-1) |
IDO-1 157 μM (IC50, rhIDO-1) |
WNV NS2B-NS3 96 μM (IC50) |
Palmatine (0-100 μM; 42 h) suppresses WNV with an EC50 value of 3.6 μM, and reduce the viral titers of DENV-2 and YFV with EC50 values of 26.4 μM and 7.3 μM, respectively[3].
Palmatine (0-1128 μM; 24-72 h) inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation[5].
Palmatine (0-704 μM; 24 h) reduces AURKA protein levels, induces G2/M phase arrest, and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via the mitochondrial associated pathway[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:HCT-116, SW480, HT-29
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Concentration:0, 88, 176, 352, and 704 μM (HCT-116, SW480); 0, 141, 282, 564, and 1128 μM (HT-29)
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Incubation Time:24, 48 and 72 h
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Result:Decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:HCT-116, SW480, HT-29
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Concentration:100 nM for HCT-116, 500 nM for SW480 and HT-29
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Promoted the expression of apoptosis markers such as P53 / P73, Caspase3, and Caspase9. Reduced AURKA protein levels. Increased cyt. c in the cytoplasm while reduced Bcl2 and Bcl-xl in a dose-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:HCT-116, SW480
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Concentration:88, 176, 352 and 704 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Induced G2/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:HCT-116, SW480
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Concentration:88, 176, 352 and 704 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:DSS- induced Colitis BALB/c mice model (8-week-old)[1]
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Dosage:50 or 100 mg/kg
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Administration:Orally, daily, for 7 days
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Result:Ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and prevented infiltration of inflammatory cells; remarkably extended the colon length; significantly suppressed the colonic MPO activity. Decreased the levels of colonic inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10); Protected mucosal integrity by modulating TJs protein and apoptosis proteins; Restored DSS-induced decreases of TJ protein ZO-1, ZO-2 and claudin-1; Reduced Bax expression and enhanced Bcl-2 expression at the dose of 100 mg/kg, prevented epithelial apoptosis and improved intestinal integrity. Prevented DSS-induced changes of gut microbiota in colitis mice.
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Animal Model:Male ICR mice (20–22 g), D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure model[2]
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Dosage:25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection, 1 h before the GalN/LPS treatment
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Result:Attenuated the mortality and serum aminotransferase activities increased by GalN/LPS. Prevented the increase of serum TNF-α and augmented that of serum IL-10. Decreased the TNF-a mRNA expression and increased the IL-10 mRNA expression. Attenuated the apoptosis of hepatocytes.
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Animal Model:Swiss young male albino mice, with Scopolamine (HY-N0296)- and diazepam-induced amnesia model[4]
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Dosage:0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection, 10 days
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Result:Significantly improved learning and memory of mice at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg and did not show any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice. Significantly reversed scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia in mice. Significantly reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity of mice.
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Animal Model:BALB/c-nude mice, HCT-116 xenograft model[5]
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Dosage:33.75, 67.5 and 135 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral administration, once a day for 26 days
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Result:The tumor volume and weight of the treatment group were significantly reduced.
Chemical Information
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No. CAS 3486-67-7
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Appearance Solid
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Peso molecular 352.40
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Fòrmula C21H22NO4+
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
COC1=C(OC)C2=C[N+]3=C(C4=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C4CC3)C=C2C=C1
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Envío
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Almacenamiento
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (10)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Phytomedicine
Erzhi pill enhances methotrexate efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis bone homeostasis via activation of the IDO1-KYN-AhR pathway. [Abstract]2026 May 14:157:158290. PMID: 42208105 -
Phytomedicine
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction enhances Capecitabine-Oxaliplatin efficacy via Akkermansia muciniphila and CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2025 Sep 4:148:157233. PMID: 40972261 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Berberine-silybin salt achieves improved anti-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease effect through regulating lipid metabolism. [Abstract]2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117238. PMID: 37774895 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Palmatine attenuates the doxorubicin-induced inflammatory response, oxidative damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. [Abstract]2022 May:106:108583. PMID: 35151220 -
Inflammation
Palmatine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Via Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, Pyroptosis, and Metabolic Remodeling. [Abstract]2025 Dec 20;49(1):11. PMID: 41420798 -
Biol Res
2020 Sep 14;53(1):39. PMID: 32928312
Palmatine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biol Res. 2020 Sep 14;53(1):39. [Abstract]
Palmatine chloride (PAL) (40 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily for 10 weeks) significantly decreased 2-h blood glucose level in HFD-fed SD rats.
Palmatine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biol Res. 2020 Sep 14;53(1):39. [Abstract]
Palmatine chloride (PAL) (40 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily for 10 weeks) significantly decreased blood insulin levels in HFD-fed SD rats.
Palmatine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biol Res. 2020 Sep 14;53(1):39. [Abstract]
Palmatine chloride (PAL) (40 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily for 10 weeks) restored the loss of β cell mass in HFD-fed SD rats, with predominantly increased area that stained positive for insulin.
Palmatine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biol Res. 2020 Sep 14;53(1):39. [Abstract]
Palmatine chloride (PAL) (40 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily for 10 weeks) remarkably reduced the apoptotic rates in HFD-fed SD rats.
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Molecules
Discovery of Nine Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors from Coptis chinensis Using Virtual Screening, Bioactivity Evaluation, and Binding Studies. [Abstract]2024 May 14;29(10):2304. PMID: 38792165
Palmatine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Molecules. 2024 May 14;29(10):2304. [Abstract]
The DPP-4 inhibitory activity of Palmatine chloride (10-7-10-3 M), demeasured using dose-response curves.
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Drug Dev Res
Palmatine attenuates hepatocyte injury by promoting autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway after alcoholic liver disease. [Abstract]2022 Nov;83(7):1613-1622. PMID: 35976121 -
Vet Microbiol
The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
Palmatine Protects against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activation of the AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway. [Abstract]2021 Mar 11:2021:6660193. PMID: 33777318
Pureza y Documentación
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Ficha de datos (285 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Instrucciones de manejo (2659 KB)
Referencias
[1]. Zhang XJ, et al. Palmatine ameliorated murine colitis by suppressing tryptophan metabolism and regulating gut microbiota.Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46. [Content Brief]
[2]. Lee WC, et al. Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):222-8. [Content Brief]
[3]. Jia F, et al. Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus. Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155(8):1325-9. [Content Brief]
[4]. Dhingra D, et al. Memory-enhancing activity of palmatine in mice using elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2012;2012:357368. [Content Brief]
[5]. Liu X, et al. Palmatine induces G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial-associated pathway apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting AURKA. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 May;175:113933. [Content Brief]
[6]. Long J, et al. Palmatine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Biochimie. 2019 Jul;162:176-184. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Palmatine Related Classifications
HY-N0110A Related Classifications
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