Eicosanoids

8(S)-HETE (8(S)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) is a major lipoxygenase product in PMA-treated murine epidermis. It activates mouse keratinocyte protein kinase C with an IC₅₀ of 100 μM. 8(S)-HETE also activates PPARα selectively at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM. Stereochemical assignment of the (S) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

Dinoprost tromethamine salt (Prostaglandin F2α tromethamine salt) is an orally active, potent prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP receptor) agonist. Dinoprost tromethamine salt is a luteolytic hormone produced locally in the endometrial luminal epithelium and corpus luteum (CL). Dinoprost tromethamine salt plays a key role in the onset and progression of labour.

Prostaglandin A1 is a dehydrated derivative of Prostaglandin E1. Prostaglandin A1 exhibits antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, and antihypertensive activities. Prostaglandin A1 covalently binds to cysteine residues of target proteins through Michael addition, or activates pathways such as PPARγ and HSPs via transcriptional regulation. Prostaglandin A1 is used in research on Mayaro virus infection, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, neuroblastoma, melanoma, and severe gestational hypertension.

5,6-DiHETE is an anti-inflammatory lipid mediator derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). 5,6-DiHETE has the ability to suppress vascular hyperpermeability during inflammation and is used in the research of inflammatory diseases.

11β-Prostaglandin E2 (11β-Dinoprostone), a Prostanoid derivative, inhibits [^3H]PGE₂ binding to hypothalamic membranes in the rat with a K_i of 53.3 nM.

15-KETE (15-KETE) is produced by oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl of 15-HETE.

12(S)-HETE is a metabolite of Arachidonic acid, AA (HY-109590). 12(S)-HETE promotes ERK and P38 MAPK phosphorylation, stimulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in cancer cells. 12(S)-HETE facilitates wound healing of injured murine-lung-derived microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. 12(S)-HETE can be used for the research of pancreatic cancer.

12(R)-HETE is a CYP-dependent arachidonic acid metabolite that acts as a proinflammatory lipid mediator. 12 (R)-HETE widely exists in various tissues including the eye, skin and liver. In the cornea, 12(R)-HETE is metabolized via pathways such as β-oxidation into the precursor of 12(R)-HETrE. Without direct receptor binding, 12(R)-HETE indirectly activates AHR-mediated target gene transcription, while inhibiting the enzymatic activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and the intracellular calcium elevation induced by TP agonists. 12(R)-HETE also possesses multiple physiological effects such as chemotaxis, proangiogenesis, vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis and intraocular pressure reduction, and can be widely used in studies related to psoriasis, inflammatory skin diseases and ocular inflammation.

11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2 is a stable terminal metabolite of thromboxane A2 and an agonist of the CRTH2 receptor. 11-Dehydro-TXB2 activates human eosinophils, basophils, and CRTH2-transfected BaF/3 cells through a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein-PLC pathway, inducing intracellular calcium mobilization, morphological changes, and chemotaxis, but does not affect platelet aggregation. 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2 is involved in thrombosis and promotes eosinophil recruitment to the lungs in allergic inflammation, and its urinary levels are used to assess the inhibitory effect of Aspirin (HY-14654) on thromboxane production. 11-Dehydro-TXB2 serves as a biomarker for research related to asthma, atopic rhinitis, nephropathy, and coronary artery disease.

20-Carboxy-Leukotriene B4 (20-COOH LTB4) is a metabolite of Leukotriene B4 (LTB4; HY-107608). 20-Carboxy-Leukotriene B4 binds to the BLT1 receptor with high affinity. 20-Carboxy-Leukotriene B4 inhibits LTB4-mediated neutrophil responses (migration, degranulation, leukotriene biosynthesis).

11-Deoxy Prostaglandin E2 is a selective agonist of EP4 with an EC₅₀ of 0.66 nM. 11-Deoxy Prostaglandin E2 is an analog of prostaglandin E2. 11-Deoxy Prostaglandin E2 can be used in study bone healing, heart failure, and other receptor associated conditions.

5(S)15(S)-DiHETE is an “activated” intermediate, inhibits platelet aggregation with an IC₅₀ of 1.3 μM. 5(S)15(S)-DiHETE enhances the rate of either LXA4 or LXB4 biosynthesis.

15(R)-HETE is an isomer of 15-HETE. 15-HETE is a lipid mediator derived from arachidonic acid and can be used for the study of asthma.

11β-Prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (11β-PGF2α-EA) is the theoretical hepatic metabolite of PGD2-EA, produced during COX-2 metabolism of the endogenous cannabinoid AEA which is found in brain, liver, and other mammalian tissues.1 AEA can be used directly by COX-2 and specific PG synthase to produce ethanolamide congeners of the classical PGs. PGD2-EA is formed in activated RAW 264.7 cells treated with AEA.

17-Phenyl trinor PGF₂α isopropyl ester is a FP receptor agonist and intraocular pressure-lowering agent. 17-Phenyl trinor PGF₂α isopropyl ester induces iris sphincter contraction, reduces intraocular pressure and pupil diameter, causes no ocular irritation, and only leads to mild conjunctival hyperemia. 17-Phenyl trinor PGF₂α isopropyl ester is applicable to relevant research on glaucoma.

Prostaglandin E3 is an eicosanoid derived from eicosapentaenoic acid. Prostaglandin E3 inhibits polarization towards M1 but promotes polarization of M2a macrophages. Prostaglandin E3 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity.

15-keto-Prostaglandin F2α (15-keto-PGF2α) is a metabolite of Prostaglandin F2α. Prostaglandin F2α. Prostaglandin F2α is an orally active, potent prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP receptor) agonist and plays a key role in the onset and progression of labour.

Carboprost (15(S)-15-Methyl Prostaglandin F2α) is a metabolically stable synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2α. Carboprost stimulates uterine contractions and induces abortion. Carboprost is used for postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony and for the termination of pregnancy in the second trimester.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is converted to epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EpETEs) by several cytochrome P450 isoforms. The major product of this epoxygenase pathway, (±)17(18)-EpETE, relaxes vascular and airway smooth muscle by activating large conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ (BKCa) channels by directly interacting with BKα channel subunits. (±)8(9)-EpETE is an epoxygenase pathway product produced from EPA by CYP450 both in vitro and in vivo.

17-HETE is arachidonic acid metabolite through cytochrome P-450 pathways, which consists of 17R-HETE and 17S-HETE enantiomers. 17-HETE serves as allosteric activator of the cytochrome P450 1B1 and inhibitor of ATPase, induces cardic hypertrophy.