MMP-9
MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9), also known as gelatinase B, is a zinc-dependent extracellular endopeptidase that mediates extracellular matrix remodeling through proteolytic cleavage of gelatin, type IV collagen, laminin, elastin, and additional matrix-associated substrates, thereby regulating tissue turnover, cell migration, and microenvironmental remodeling[1][2]. Mechanistically, MMP-9 is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme and becomes activated through proteolytic removal of its prodomain, enabling participation in inflammatory signaling, leukocyte trafficking, angiogenesis, and tissue repair processes[1][3]. MMP-9 also modulates biological activity of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and cell-surface signaling molecules, linking extracellular matrix degradation with immune and vascular responses[3][4]. In disease settings, dysregulated or persistent MMP-9 expression is associated with cancer progression, invasion, metastasis, vascular remodeling, neuroinflammatory disorders, and blood-brain barrier disruption, making MMP-9 a widely studied pathogenic mediator and biomarker candidate[3][5][6]. Compared with the closely related gelatinase MMP-2, MMP-9 displays distinct substrate preferences, inducible expression in inflammatory conditions, predominant storage in neutrophils, and primary inhibition by TIMP-1, whereas MMP-2 is generally constitutively expressed and preferentially regulated by TIMP-2[4]. Structural differences, including a unique loop region and distinct regulatory mechanisms, further support functional separation between the two gelatinases in physiological and pathological remodeling[2][4]. For experimental applications, MMP-9-selective inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies are widely used to investigate extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, and tumor progression, although achieving high selectivity remains a major challenge because of structural homology within the matrix metalloproteinase family[5][7].
References:
- [1]. Mondal S, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitors in cancer: A minireview. Eur J Med Chem. 2020 May 15;194:112260. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Rashid ZA, et al. Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 28;24(15):12133. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Li H, et al. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 as an Important Contributor to the Pathophysiology of Depression. Front Neurol. 2022 Mar 18;13:861843. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Nikolov A, et al. Role of Gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancy and Their Future Potential as Preeclampsia Biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Mar 9;11(3):480. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Huang H. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a Cancer Biomarker and MMP-9 Biosensors: Recent Advances. Sensors (Basel). 2018 Sep 27;18(10):3249. doi: 10.3390/s18103249. PMID: 30262739; PMCID: PMC6211011. et al. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a Cancer Biomarker and MMP-9 Biosensors: Recent Advances. Sensors (Basel). 2018 Sep 27;18(10):3249. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Vandooren J, et al. Biochemistry and molecular biology of gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9): the next decade. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 May-Jun;48(3):222-72. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Vandenbroucke RE, et al. Is there new hope for therapeutic matrix metalloproteinase inhibition? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014 Dec;13(12):904-27. [Content Brief]
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MMP-9 Related Products (189)
Related Products (189)
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Recombinant Proteins (11)
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Antibodies (2)
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Loliolide
0 ImagesSynonyms: Loliolid; DigiprolactoneLoliolide (Loliolid) is a β-carotene metabolite. Loliolide reduces caspase 3, 8, 9 expression, enhances PI3K, AKT, SIRT1, inhibits ROS, apoptosis, and blocks NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Loliolide protects mitochondria, reduces oxidative stress, and increases cell viability in neuroblastoma cells. Loliolide can be used for the research of UV-induced skin damage and Parkinson’s disease.
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Avenanthramide C
0 ImagesAvenanthramide C is an orally active polyphenolic compound that penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Avenanthramide C is derived from oats. Avenanthramide C inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and inhibits the phosphorylation of PI3K, PLCγ1, Lyn, Syk, and Akt. Avenanthramide C inhibits the expression and activity of MMP-9 and inhibits MAPK phosphorylation. Avenanthramide C scavenges DPPH radicals, reduces intracellular ROS, and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine release and adhesion molecule expression. Avenanthramide C inhibits cell degranulation. Avenanthramide C attenuates active systemic anaphylaxis and inhibits passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Avenanthramide C ameliorates PHZ-induced blood stasis. Avenanthramide C inhibits neuroinflammation, restores long-term potentiation, and improves recognition and spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease models. Avenanthramide C can be used for research on allergic inflammation, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
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PT109
0 ImagesPT109 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable multi-kinase inhibitor. By inhibiting PTBP1, PT109 promotes the switch of pyruvate kinase isoform from PKM2 to PKM1, thereby effectively inhibiting the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma multiforme and inducing its reprogramming into oligodendrocytes. PT109 also targets and regulates key signaling molecules such as JNK, SGK1, GSK3β to exert neuroprotective effects including promoting neurogenesis, inducing synapse formation and alleviating neuroinflammation. In Alzheimer's disease models, PT109 exhibits significant efficacy in improving spatial learning ability, along with excellent in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. PT109 can be used to investigate metabolic reprogramming of glioblastoma multiforme and neuroprotective mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease.
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PLGLAG
0 ImagesPLGLAG is a peptide that serves as the linker in activatable cell-penetrating peptides (ACPPs) and can be used in cancer research.
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Levamlodipine
0 ImagesSynonyms: (S)-Amlodipine; LevoamlodipineLevamlodipine ((S)-Amlodipine; Levoamlodipin) is an orally active L-type calcium channel blocker and MMP-9 modulator with high permeability and retention properties. Levamlodipine significantly enhances plaque stability and improves lipid profiles by reducing blood pressure, decreasing systolic blood pressure variability, and inhibiting MMP-9 expression in atherosclerotic plaques. Levamlodipine not only alleviates cardiac and aortic hypertrophy and prevents renal atrophy, but also produces synergistic effects in blood pressure reduction and organ protection when combined with bisoprolol (HY-129029). Levamlodipine exerts no significant inhibitory effect on abdominal aortic intimal hyperplasia. When excessively accumulated in the epidermis, Levamlodipine may induce changes in keratin structure, impair the skin barrier and trigger inflammation; long-term use further exacerbates skin irritation caused by local administration. Levamlodipine can be used in research related to hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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Viridicatol
0 ImagesViridicatol is a quinolone alkaloid with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, osteogenic and chondrogenic activities. Viridicatol reduces the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, p38 and STAT6; inhibits MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-κB signaling pathway and PTP1B; downregulates genes related to mast cell activation; and binds to SHN3 to activate the Wnt/SHN3 signaling pathway. Viridicatol inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and promotes osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation. Viridicatol can be used in studies related to fibrosarcoma, allergy, bacterial infection, fungal infection and osteoporosis.
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UK-370106
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-107639CAS No.: 230961-21-4UK-370106 is a potent and highly selective MMP-3 (IC50 of 23 nM) and MMP-12 (IC50 of 42 nM) inhibitor with >1200-fold higher potency than MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14, and about 100-fold than MMP-13 and MMP-8. UK-370106 potently inhibits cleavage of [3H]-fibronectin by MMP-3 (IC50 of 320 nM) and has little effect on keratinocyte migration in vitro.
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Tanomastat
0 ImagesSynonyms: BAY 12-9566Tanomastat (BAY 12-9566) is an orally bioavailable, non-peptidic biphenyl matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitor with a Zn-binding carboxyl group. The Ki values are 11, 143, 301, and 1470 nM for MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13 respectively. Tanomastat shows anti-invasive and antimetastatic activity in several experimental tumor models.
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Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside
0 ImagesPhenyl β-D-glucopyranoside is a component isolated from Phellodendron amurense, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside also inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related genes.
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PD-166793
0 ImagesPD-166793 is a potent, selective, orally active and wide-broad spectrum inhibitor of MMP, exhibiting nanomolar potency against MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13 (IC50=4, 7, and 8 nM, respectively) and micromolar potency vs MMP-1, -7 and -9 (IC50=6.0, 7.2, and 7.9 μM, respectively). PD-166793 can attenuate left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in a rat model of progressive heart failure.
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20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2
0 Images20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 is an orally active protopanaxadiol-type saponin with multiple biological activities. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 exerts a significant inhibitory effect on non-small cell lung cancer and liver cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 exerts anti-γ-herpesvirus effects by inhibiting viral DNA replication. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits inflammatory mediators by reducing the levels of NO, PGE2, and ROS; it can delay skin photoaging by reducing ROS and inhibiting MMP-9/2 activity. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 accelerates the recovery after muscle injury by activating the Akt1/PKB signaling pathway. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 can inhibit osteoclast formation and exert an anti-osteoporosis effect.
