Tunicamycin
Based on 156 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Tunicamycin is a mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotic that inhibits N-linked glycosylation and blocks GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces ER stress, and causes blocking of DNA synthesis and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Tunicamycin inhibits gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and viruses and has anti-cancer activity.Tunicamycin increases exosome release in cervical cancer cells.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.96%
- CAS No.: 11089-65-9
- Formula: C39H64N4O16
- Molecular Weight:844.94 (n=10)
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Tunicamycin
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Dec 17;10(1):413. [Abstract]
- Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7799):433-437. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2023 Feb 16;186(4):803-820.e25. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2025 Dec 29:S1550-4131(25)00530-3. [Abstract]
- Nat Genet. 2025 Mar;57(3):680-693. [Abstract]
- Immunity. 2026 Feb 18:S1074-7613(26)00035-X. [Abstract]
- Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Aug;79(8):1111-1120. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2020 Sep 15;80(18):3892-3905. [Abstract]
- Hepatology. 2023 Sep 1;78(3):727-740. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 May 19;14(1):2859. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Feb 23;14(1):1020. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Apr 6;13(1):1853. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Oct 24.
- Autophagy. 2025 Oct 13:1-13. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Apr;21(4):840-859. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2021 Jun;17(6):1426-1447. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Apr;13(24):e20627. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul 18:e00741. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Nov 28:e2407519. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Dec 24:e2411740. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Dec;11(45):e2405441. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Sep 19:e2403442. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Mar 30;42(1):77. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2023 May 24;9(21):eadg8156. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2022 Dec 2;8(48):eabn2496. [Abstract]
- Int J Oral Sci. 2024 Jul 1;16(1):47. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2023 Jul:63:102765. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2021 Aug:170:105629. [Abstract]
- Mater Today Bio. 2025 May 28:32:101896. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2025 Dec 21:639:218232. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2022 Nov 28:549:215837. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2021 Oct 10:518:82-93. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2024 Feb 20;15(2):154. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2023 Aug 15;14(8):524. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jul 23;13(7):643. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jul 19;13(7):626. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Apr 20;13(4):384. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2018 Dec 5;9(12):1170. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 22;9(6):604. [Abstract]
- Sci China Life Sci. 2025 Feb;68(2):416-430. [Abstract]
- Genes Dis. 2026 Feb 14.
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Aug 19;122(33):e2514837122. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Feb:289:138846. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Jun 4;272(Pt 2):132870. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 May;42(5):814-823. [Abstract]
- EMBO J. 2024 Nov;43(21):5057-5084. [Abstract]
- EMBO Mol Med. 2022 Jan 11;14(1):e14502. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Apr 11:S0891-5849(25)00228-X. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Mar:181:270-287. [Abstract]
- NPJ Breast Cancer. 2022 Jan 10;8(1):2. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Mar 31;14(1):193-217. [Abstract]
- Chin Med J (Engl). 2025 Jan 5;138(1):79-92. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2018 Oct 18;16(10):e2006483. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 5;44(12):116659. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Jun 27;43(7):114402. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Nov 3;42(11):113303. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2019 Nov 19;29(8):2229-2242.e4. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2026 Jun 2;98(21):15689-15699. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2026 Mar 24;98(11):8143-8154. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Jan 25;71(3):1499-1509. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022 Jun 8;79(7):352. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Oct 15:305:119188. [Abstract]
- Talanta. 2024 Feb 1;268(Pt 1):125272. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Oct:240:117099. [Abstract]
- Cell Prolif. 2021 Nov;54(11):e13133. [Abstract]
- ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021 Jul 12;7(7):3256-3268. [Abstract]
- Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2020 May 22;17:518-530. [Abstract]
- Stem Cell Reports. 2022 Oct 11;17(10):2349-2364. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2022 Aug 30;5(1):887. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2025 Oct;48(5):3146-3155. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024 Feb;30(2):e14609. [Abstract]
- Cancer Gene Ther. 2024 Jan;31(1):43-57. [Abstract]
- Nutrients. 2021 Dec 1;13(12):4343. [Abstract]
- Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Jun 14:12:856711. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Chem. 2026 Jul 5:175:109788. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Feb 15:171:116133. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2019 Feb 5:844:204-215. [Abstract]
- Mol Neurobiol. 2025 Nov 29;63(1):210. [Abstract]
- Exp Gerontol. 2024 May:189:112401. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2025 Jun 15;39(11):e70695. [Abstract]
- FEBS J. 2025 Jun 26. [Abstract]
- FEBS J. 2025 Feb 11. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Oct 31:167558. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2025 Jan;1871(1):167533. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2024 Apr 15;38(7):e23600. [Abstract]
- Poult Sci. 2024 Jun;103(6):103656. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 Oct 28;28(12):113891. [Abstract]
- Transl Oncol. 2022 Sep:23:101474. [Abstract]
- Eye Vis (Lond). 2022 Jun 7;9(1):20. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2021 Mar;236(3):1889-1902. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 9;13(1):19438. [Abstract]
- Proteomics. 2023 May;23(10):e2200460. [Abstract]
- J Endocrinol. 2020 Sep;246(3):Z1. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Mar;98:112-121. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2025 Mar 18;99(3):e0192224. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2025 Mar 18;99(3):e0001825. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2022 Feb 9;96(3):e0110321. [Abstract]
- Clin Immunol. 2020 Nov;220:108579. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2026 May:141:112359. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2024 Dec 8:127:111560. [Abstract]
- Exp Mol Pathol. 2020 Dec;117:104525. [Abstract]
- Food Chem Toxicol. 2025 Feb 10:115317. [Abstract]
- Vet Res. 2024 Jun 14;55(1):78. [Abstract]
- Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 Nov:181:114081. [Abstract]
- Viruses. 2022 Jan 27;14(2):258. [Abstract]
- Mol Med Rep. 2021 Feb;23(2):116. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2020 Nov 2;397(1):112334. [Abstract]
- BMC Cancer. 2022 Jul 25;22(1):817. [Abstract]
- Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2020 Dec 29;52(12):1325-1336. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2026 Feb 1;330(2):G170-G188. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2025 Jun 1;328(6):G746-G759. [Abstract]
- Endocrinology. 2023 Feb 11;164(4):bqad035. [Abstract]
- Mol Carcinog. 2024 Sep;63(9):1783-1799. [Abstract]
- Hum Exp Toxicol. 2024 Jan-Dec:43:9603271241251447. [Abstract]
- Immunol Res. 2025 Jun 27;73(1):100. [Abstract]
- Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024 Sep 24;29(9):334. [Abstract]
- PPAR Res. 2022 Mar 21;2022:2212996. [Abstract]
- Mol Immunol. 2026 May:193:91-102. [Abstract]
- Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Oct;49(10):9181-9194. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2026 May:316:110968. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2026 Mar:314:110920. [Abstract]
- Arch Physiol Biochem. 2025 Nov 24:1-19. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2025 Jun 3:307:110559. [Abstract]
- DNA Cell Biol. 2020 Feb;39(2):210-225. [Abstract]
- Dig Dis Sci. 2025 Jun 24. [Abstract]
- Hear Res. 2024 May 28:450:109048. [Abstract]
- Immunol Invest. 2025 Aug 4:1-24. [Abstract]
- Dev Comp Immunol. 2025 Feb 7:105336. [Abstract]
- Behav Brain Res. 2024 Mar 28:462:114871. [Abstract]
- Exp Ther Med. 2022 Jun 14;24(2):513. [Abstract]
- Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1476. [Abstract]
- Exp Ther Med. 2021 Mar;21(3):181. [Abstract]
- Exp Ther Med. 2020 Dec;20(6):171. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Rep. 2025 Sep 15:44:102262. [Abstract]
- J Carbohydr Chem. 2025 Jul 07.
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Jun 4;526(3):733-737. [Abstract]
- Neurosci Lett. 2023 Feb 28:798:137058. [Abstract]
- J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2026 Feb;35(2):108554. [Abstract]
- Neurol Res. 2025 Nov 10:1-17. [Abstract]
- Transpl Immunol. 2024 Apr:83:102006. [Abstract]
- Int Heart J. 2023 Mar 31;64(2):283-293. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Jan 9.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jan 28.
- Res Sq. 2025 Nov 24.
- bioRxiv. 2025 April 12.
- SSRN. 2025 Mar 13.
- bioRxiv. 2025 January 14.
- Res Sq. 2024 Nov 10.
- bioRxiv. 2024 August 16.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Feb 19.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Dec 23.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Jul 5.
- J Oncol. 2022 Sep 26;2022:3659714. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 Feb.
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Sep
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Jun 16:2021:5552530. [Abstract]
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WB
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WB
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Flow Cytometry
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All Antibiotic Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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GPT/ALT |
Tunicamycin (2 μg/mL; 24 hours; CD44+/CD24- and original MCF7 cells) treatment increases the spliced XBP-1, ATF6 nuclear translocation level and CHOP protein expression in CD44+/CD24- and original MCF7 cells[1].
Tunicamycin-induced ER stress suppresses CD44+/CD24- phenotype cell subpopulation and in vitro invasion and accelerates tumorosphore formation. Under effect of Tunicamycin, the results show that inhibited invasion, increased cell death, suppressed proliferation and reduced migration in the CD44+/CD24- and CD44+/CD24- rich MCF7 cell culture[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:CD44+/CD24- and original MCF7 cells[1]
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Concentration:2 µg/mL
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:Increased level of spliced XBP-1, ATF6 nuclear translocation and CHOP protein expression are detected in CD44+/CD24- and original MCF7 cells.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 11089-65-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 844.94 (n=10)
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Formula C39H64N4O16
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C1NC(N([C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(C[C@@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(/C=C/[(CH2) 8-11]C(C)C)=O)[C@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4NC(C)=O)O3)O)O2)C=C1)=O
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Initial Source
Streptomyces lysosuperficus
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (156)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Disruption of heme homeostasis by nuclear receptor Nur77 induces pyroptosis through granzyme B-dependent GSDMC cleavage. [Abstract]2025 Dec 17;10(1):413. PMID: 41407678 -
Nature
2020 Mar;579(7799):433-437. PMID: 32132706
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7799):433-437. [Abstract]
Clonal HAP1 knockout and stably reconstituted cells were treated as indicated (CCCP, 20 μM, 9 h; Tunicamycin, HY-A0098, 10 μM, 9 h; Oligomycin (OM), 9 h; CDDO, Bardoxolone, HY-14909, 2.5 μM, 11 h; GTPP, HY-102007A, 10 μM, 11 h) and analysed by immunoblotting.
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7799):433-437. [Abstract]
HAP1 CHOPNeon cells of the indicated genotypes were treated for 9 h (CCCP, 20 μM; Tunicamycin, HY-A0098, 10 μM; CDDO, Bardoxolone, HY-14909, 2.5 μM) or 12 h (GTPP, HY-102007A, 10 μM) and analysed by flow cytometry. Per genotype and treatment, the CHOPNeonsignal was normalized to its DMSO control and statistical significance is indicated compared to identically treated wild-type cells (mean ± s.d. of n = 3 independent experiments; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons correction).
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Cell
2023 Feb 16;186(4):803-820.e25. PMID: 36738734 -
Cell Metab
2025 Dec 29:S1550-4131(25)00530-3. PMID: 41468885 -
Nat Genet
2025 Mar;57(3):680-693. PMID: 40069506
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2025 Mar;57(3):680-693. [Abstract]
PD-L1 WT or mutants were transfected into SK-MEL-28 cells and treated with tunicamycin (2.5 μM) for 24 hours. PD-L1 expression was analyzed by immunoblotting (n = 3 independent experiments).
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Immunity
The transcriptional repressor Fli1 inhibits proteostasis during nutrient stress to limit NK cell persistence in solid tumors. [Abstract]2026 Feb 18:S1074-7613(26)00035-X. PMID: 41713422 -
Ann Rheum Dis
TGFβ attenuates cartilage extracellular matrix degradation via enhancing FBXO6-mediated MMP14 ubiquitination. [Abstract]2020 Aug;79(8):1111-1120. PMID: 32409323 -
Cancer Res
Interaction with CD68 and Regulation of GAS6 Expression by Endosialin in Fibroblasts Drives Recruitment and Polarization of Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [Abstract]2020 Sep 15;80(18):3892-3905. PMID: 32591411 -
Hepatology
2023 Sep 1;78(3):727-740. PMID: 36221953 -
Nat Commun
ERK and USP5 govern PD-1 homeostasis via deubiquitination to modulate tumor immunotherapy. [Abstract]2023 May 19;14(1):2859. PMID: 37208329 -
Nat Commun
THADA inhibition in mice protects against type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving pancreatic β-cell function and preserving β-cell mass. [Abstract]2023 Feb 23;14(1):1020. PMID: 36823211 -
Nat Commun
2022 Apr 6;13(1):1853. PMID: 35388015 -
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Autophagy
PPP2/PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of LC3B links PINK1-PRKN/Parkin-mediated mitophagy to SCA12 pathogenesis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 13:1-13. PMID: 41059761 -
Autophagy
CKAP4 in hepatocellular carcinoma: competitive RETREG1/FAM134B binding, reticulophagy regulation, and cancer progression. [Abstract]2025 Apr;21(4):840-859. PMID: 39689859 -
Autophagy
An integrative multi-omics approach uncovers the regulatory role of CDK7 and CDK4 in autophagy activation induced by silica nanoparticles. [Abstract]2021 Jun;17(6):1426-1447. PMID: 32397800
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Autophagy. 2021 Jun;17(6):1426-1447. [Abstract]
NRK cells were pre-treated with 10 μM CQ for 8 h, and followed by 0.1 μg/mL tunicamycin treatment for 6 h.
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
ERAD Component MoHrd3 Facilitates Pathogenicity and Establishes a Direct Regulation on Autophagy in Magnaporthe Oryzae. [Abstract]2026 Apr;13(24):e20627. PMID: 41725610 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Intestinal Epithelial-Derived USP13 Alleviates Colonic Inflammation by Suppressing GRP78-mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]2025 Jul 18:e00741. PMID: 40679368 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Synthetic Retinoid Sulfarotene Selectively Inhibits Tumor-Repopulating Cells of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma via Disrupting Cytoskeleton by P-Selectin/PSGL1 N-Glycosylation Blockage. [Abstract]2024 Nov 28:e2407519. PMID: 39605300 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2024 Dec 24:e2411740. PMID: 39716927 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
The Tumor Suppressor TPD52-Governed Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is Modulated by APCCdc20. [Abstract]2024 Dec;11(45):e2405441. PMID: 39401430 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
siRNA/CS-PLGA Nanoparticle System Targeting Knockdown Intestinal SOAT2 Reduced Intestinal Lipid Uptake and Alleviated Obesity. [Abstract]2024 Sep 19:e2403442. PMID: 39297413 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
Protein disulfide-isomerase A4 confers glioblastoma angiogenesis promotion capacity and resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. [Abstract]2023 Mar 30;42(1):77. PMID: 36997943 -
Sci Adv
2023 May 24;9(21):eadg8156. PMID: 37224250
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2023 May 24;9(21):eadg8156. [Abstract]
Cell death quantification by IncuCyte of wild-type (WT) or YFP-Parkin MEFs after 24 hours of treatment with 1 μM tunicamycin in combination or not with 40 μM qVD.
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Sci Adv
Long noncoding RNA Gm2694 drives depressive-like behaviors in male mice by interacting with GRP78 to disrupt endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. [Abstract]2022 Dec 2;8(48):eabn2496. PMID: 36459549 -
Int J Oral Sci
Stabilization of EREG via STT3B-mediated N-glycosylation is critical for PDL1 upregulation and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2024 Jul 1;16(1):47. PMID: 38945975
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Oral Sci. 2024 Jul 1;16(1):47. [Abstract]
Deglycosylation of EREG enhanced the turnover of EREG. HN4 and 293-EREG cells were treated with 10 μg/mL tunicamycin for 24 h followed by pulse-chase with 100 μg/mL cycloheximide.
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Redox Biol
EETs alleviate alveolar epithelial cell senescence by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress through the Trim25/Keap1/Nrf2 axis. [Abstract]2023 Jul:63:102765. PMID: 37269686
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Redox Biol. 2023 Jul:63:102765. [Abstract]
SA-β-gal staining was performed MLE12 cells were treated with TM (0.25 μg/mL) for 24 hours.
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Pharmacol Res
The ameliorative effect of terpinen-4-ol on ER stress-induced vascular calcification depends on SIRT1-mediated regulation of PERK acetylation. [Abstract]2021 Aug:170:105629. PMID: 34089864 -
Mater Today Bio
Quercetin-loaded exosomes delivery system prevents myopia progression by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis in scleral fibroblasts. [Abstract]2025 May 28:32:101896. PMID: 40520556 -
Cancer Lett
YTHDF2-mediated stabilization of SREBF1 promotes lipid metabolic reprogramming and ferroptosis-associated radioresistance in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Dec 21:639:218232. PMID: 41435981 -
Cancer Lett
De novo pyrimidine synthesis fuels glycolysis and confers chemoresistance in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2022 Nov 28:549:215837. PMID: 35921972 -
Cancer Lett
Induction of EnR stress by Melatonin enhances the cytotoxic effect of Lapatinib in HER2-positive breast cancer. [Abstract]2021 Oct 10:518:82-93. PMID: 34153400 -
Cell Death Dis
HRD1-induced TMEM2 ubiquitination promotes ER stress-mediated apoptosis through a non-canonical pathway in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. [Abstract]2024 Feb 20;15(2):154. PMID: 38378757 -
Cell Death Dis
PARP1-catalyzed PARylation of YY1 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress in granulosa cells to determine primordial follicle activation. [Abstract]2023 Aug 15;14(8):524. PMID: 37582914 -
Cell Death Dis
2022 Jul 23;13(7):643. PMID: 35871160 -
Cell Death Dis
N-glycosylation of GDF15 abolishes its inhibitory effect on EGFR in AR inhibitor-resistant prostate cancer cells. [Abstract]2022 Jul 19;13(7):626. PMID: 35853851 -
Cell Death Dis
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is dispensable for survival of CD34+ chronic myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells. [Abstract]2022 Apr 20;13(4):384. PMID: 35444236 -
Cell Death Dis
UBIAD1 suppresses the proliferation of bladder carcinoma cells by regulating H-Ras intracellular trafficking via interaction with the C-terminal domain of H-Ras. [Abstract]2018 Dec 5;9(12):1170. PMID: 30518913 -
Cell Death Dis
The proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole disrupts protein degradation systems and sensitizes cancer cells to death under various stresses. [Abstract]2018 May 22;9(6):604. PMID: 29789637
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 22;9(6):604. [Abstract]
Western blot analysis of ER stress-related proteins after PPI treatment for 48 h in both pH 7.4 and pH 6.5 conditions. Cells treated with Thapsigargin (TG, 0.5 and 1 μM) or Tunicamycin (Tu, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/mL) for 24 h served as positive controls.
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Sci China Life Sci
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid targets HSP90 to promote protein homeostasis and extends healthy lifespan. [Abstract]2025 Feb;68(2):416-430. PMID: 39327392 -
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Stress granule-mediated ZBP1 activation drives necroptotic cell death in non-obstructive azoospermia and testicular aging. [Abstract]2025 Aug 19;122(33):e2514837122. PMID: 40811463 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Site-specific analysis and functional characterization of N-linked glycosylation for β-Klotho protein. [Abstract]2025 Feb:289:138846. PMID: 39701265 -
Int J Biol Macromol
p20BAP31 promotes cell apoptosis via interaction with GRP78 and activating the PERK pathway in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2024 Jun 4;272(Pt 2):132870. PMID: 38844291 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Activation of unfolded protein response overcomes Ibrutinib resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. [Abstract]2021 May;42(5):814-823. PMID: 32855532 -
EMBO J
2024 Nov;43(21):5057-5084. PMID: 39284914 -
EMBO Mol Med
Carfilzomib modulates tumor microenvironment to potentiate immune checkpoint therapy for cancer. [Abstract]2022 Jan 11;14(1):e14502. PMID: 34898004 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Ubiquitination of ALOX15 regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in Schwann cells and experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) models. [Abstract]2025 Apr 11:S0891-5849(25)00228-X. PMID: 40222426 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Maintaining homeostasis of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum with NSC228155 alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2022 Mar:181:270-287. PMID: 35134531 -
NPJ Breast Cancer
Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits AR expression via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway in luminal androgen receptor triple-negative breast cancer and prostate cancer. [Abstract]2022 Jan 10;8(1):2. PMID: 35013318 -
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
STIM1 Deficiency In Intestinal Epithelium Attenuates Colonic Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Reducing ER Stress of Goblet Cells. [Abstract]2022 Mar 31;14(1):193-217. PMID: 35367664 -
Chin Med J (Engl)
EZH2/miR-142-3p/HMGB1 axis mediates chondrocyte pyroptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in knee osteoarthritis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 5;138(1):79-92. PMID: 39704001 -
PLoS Biol
Phosphoglucomutase 1 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating glucose trafficking. [Abstract]2018 Oct 18;16(10):e2006483. PMID: 30335765
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS Biol. 2018 Oct 18;16(10):e2006483. [Abstract]
SK-Hep1 cells stably expressing EV or Flag-PGM1 are treated with or without 0.1 ug/mL Tunicamycin, and cell proliferation is measured.
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Cell Rep
circATF6 triggers calcium overload to synergize with EGFR-TKI in non-small cell lung cancer via modulation of proteostasis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 5;44(12):116659. PMID: 41351835 -
Cell Rep
Translocational attenuation mediated by the PERK-SRP14 axis is a protective mechanism of unfolded protein response. [Abstract]2024 Jun 27;43(7):114402. PMID: 38943644 -
Cell Rep
2023 Nov 3;42(11):113303. PMID: 37924514 -
Cell Rep
PI4KB on Inclusion Bodies Formed by ER Membrane Remodeling Facilitates Replication of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3. [Abstract]2019 Nov 19;29(8):2229-2242.e4. PMID: 31747597 -
Anal Chem
Systematic Quantification of Protein O-GlcNAcylation Reveals Common and Cell-Type-Specific Responses to N-Glycosylation Inhibition in Human Cells. [Abstract]2026 Jun 2;98(21):15689-15699. PMID: 42153620 -
Anal Chem
2026 Mar 24;98(11):8143-8154. PMID: 41810699 -
J Agric Food Chem
Ginsenoside Compound K Ameliorates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting the Chondrocyte Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated IRE1α-TXNIP-NLRP3 Axis and Pyroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Jan 25;71(3):1499-1509. PMID: 36630614 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
Inhibition of ALG3 stimulates cancer cell immunogenic ferroptosis to potentiate immunotherapy. [Abstract]2022 Jun 8;79(7):352. PMID: 35676564 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
The role of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α in gestational arsenic-induced α-KG collapse in male offspring. [Abstract]2025 Oct 15:305:119188. PMID: 41066812 -
Talanta
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Biochem Pharmacol
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Cell Prolif
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ACS Biomater Sci Eng
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Mol Ther Oncolytics
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Stem Cell Reports
High-content phenotyping of Parkinson's disease patient stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons using machine learning classification. [Abstract]2022 Oct 11;17(10):2349-2364. PMID: 36179692 -
Commun Biol
Homodimerized cytoplasmic domain of PD-L1 regulates its complex glycosylation in living cells. [Abstract]2022 Aug 30;5(1):887. PMID: 36042378 -
Inflammation
Sirtuin1 Deficiency Could Exacerbate Melanocyte Apoptosis Under Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]2025 Oct;48(5):3146-3155. PMID: 39921788
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Inflammation. 2025 Oct;48(5):3146-3155. [Abstract]
The melanocytes were treated with TM (3 μM), thapsigargin (1 μM), or DTT (1 mM) for 24 h to induce ER stress.
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Inflammation. 2025 Oct;48(5):3146-3155. [Abstract]
The melanocytes were treated with TM (3 μM), thapsigargin (1 μM), or DTT (1 mM) for 24 h to induce ER stress.
Tunicamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Inflammation. 2025 Oct;48(5):3146-3155. [Abstract]
The melanocytes were treated with TM (3 μM), thapsigargin (1 μM), or DTT (1 mM) for 24 h to induce ER stress. ER stress induced an increase in the apoptosis of melanocytes.
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CNS Neurosci Ther
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B contributes to neuropathic pain by aggravating NF-κB and glial cells activation-mediated neuroinflammation via promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]2024 Feb;30(2):e14609. PMID: 38334011 -
Cancer Gene Ther
LAMC2 mitigates ER stress by enhancing ER-mitochondria interaction via binding to MYH9 and MYH10. [Abstract]2024 Jan;31(1):43-57. PMID: 37891404 -
Nutrients
FXR, a Key Regulator of Lipid Metabolism, Is Inhibited by ER Stress-Mediated Activation of JNK and p38 MAPK in Large Yellow Croakers (Larimichthys crocea) Fed High Fat Diets. [Abstract]2021 Dec 1;13(12):4343. PMID: 34959897 -
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
Inhibition of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus by Cinchonine via Inducing Cellular Autophagy. [Abstract]2022 Jun 14:12:856711. PMID: 35774410 -
Bioorg Chem
UM-6 remodels the tumor immune microenvironment by blocking PD-L1 N-glycosylation and promoting ERAD-mediated degradation in cervical cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jul 5:175:109788. PMID: 41916036 -
Int Immunopharmacol
ERN2/XBP1-AGR2 mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress increased neutrophilic asthma mucus secretion. [Abstract]2026 Feb 15:171:116133. PMID: 41483622 -
Eur J Pharmacol
2-Bromopalmitate sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to adriamycin-induced apoptosis via the modulation of CHOP. [Abstract]2019 Feb 5:844:204-215. PMID: 30552901 -
Mol Neurobiol
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Exp Gerontol
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced necroptosis promotes cochlear inflammation: Implications for age-related hearing loss. [Abstract]2024 May:189:112401. PMID: 38490286 -
FASEB J
CD44 Deficiency Induces Combinatory NRF2 Inhibition and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Dyserythropoiesis. [Abstract]2025 Jun 15;39(11):e70695. PMID: 40488748 -
FEBS J
2025 Jun 26. PMID: 40568888 -
FEBS J
FXR suppress Müller cell activation by regulating cGAS/STING pathway in diabetic retinopathy. [Abstract]2025 Feb 11. PMID: 39932043 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
BCAR1 facilitates the survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells by augmenting the unfolded protein response, autophagy, and the formation of vasculogenic mimicry. [Abstract]2024 Oct 31:167558. PMID: 39488300 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Trim21 modulates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and sensitizes cancer cells to ER stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting VCP/Npl4/UFD1 assembly. [Abstract]2025 Jan;1871(1):167533. PMID: 39368714 -
FASEB J
Xbp1 promotes odontoblastic differentiation through modulating mitochondrial homeostasis. [Abstract]2024 Apr 15;38(7):e23600. PMID: 38572599 -
Poult Sci
Melatonin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress and follicular granulosa cell apoptosis by regulating ATF4 to activate mTOR signaling pathway in chickens. [Abstract]2024 Jun;103(6):103656. PMID: 38583308 -
iScience
Cochlear endoplasmic reticulum stress causes connexin 26 degradation is involved in age-related hearing loss. [Abstract]2025 Oct 28;28(12):113891. PMID: 41321625 -
Transl Oncol
Identification of leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 59 (LRRC59) located in the endoplasmic reticulum as a novel prognostic factor for urothelial carcinoma. [Abstract]2022 Sep:23:101474. PMID: 35816851 -
Eye Vis (Lond)
The ghrelin-GHSR-1a pathway inhibits high glucose-induced retinal angiogenesis in vitro by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]2022 Jun 7;9(1):20. PMID: 35668539 -
J Cell Physiol
Icariin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetic rats by suppressing ER stress via the PPARα/Sirt1/AMPKα pathway. [Abstract]2021 Mar;236(3):1889-1902. PMID: 32770555 -
Sci Rep
Hypermethylation of the CTRP9 promoter region promotes Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition and foam cell formation via negatively regulating ER stress. [Abstract]2023 Nov 9;13(1):19438. PMID: 37945738 -
Proteomics
Proteomic identification of intracellular vesicle trafficking and protein glycosylation requirements for lumen inflation in Ciona notochord. [Abstract]2023 May;23(10):e2200460. PMID: 36772928 -
J Endocrinol
RETRACTION: Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. [Abstract]2020 Sep;246(3):Z1. PMID: 32485675 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Molecular cloning and the involvement of IRE1α-XBP1s signaling pathway in palmitic acid induced - Inflammation in primary hepatocytes from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). [Abstract]2020 Mar;98:112-121. PMID: 31904542 -
J Virol
Glycoproteins gM and gN are indispensable factors for rhesus macaque rhadinovirus replication and spread but can be reconstituted by KSHV chimeras. [Abstract]2025 Mar 18;99(3):e0192224. PMID: 39998253 -
J Virol
STT3B promotes porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by regulating N-glycosylation of PEDV S protein. [Abstract]2025 Mar 18;99(3):e0001825. PMID: 39945486 -
J Virol
ATF6-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Facilitates Adeno-associated Virus 2 (AAV2) Transduction by Releasing the Suppression of the AAV Receptor on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]2022 Feb 9;96(3):e0110321. PMID: 34851146 -
Clin Immunol
Up-regulated DERL3 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes exacerbates inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]2020 Nov;220:108579. PMID: 32866644 -
Cell Signal
The Limb-bud and Heart (LBH) promotes renal fibrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pyroptosis and partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells. [Abstract]2026 May:141:112359. PMID: 41520745 -
Cell Signal
Inhibition of ERO1L induces autophagy and apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2024 Dec 8:127:111560. PMID: 39657838 -
Exp Mol Pathol
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 1 enhances oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion injury in cortical neurons via activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]2020 Dec;117:104525. PMID: 32888957 -
Food Chem Toxicol
Coexposure to fluoride and sulfur dioxide aggravates enamel mineralization disorders in mice by disrupting calcium homeostasis-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]2025 Feb 10:115317. PMID: 39938609 -
Vet Res
Regulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis serpin-type serine protease inhibitor on endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in host intestinal epithelial cells. [Abstract]2024 Jun 14;55(1):78. PMID: 38877574 -
Food Chem Toxicol
Lithium impacts the function of hematopoietic stem cells via disturbing the endoplasmic reticulum stress and Hsp90 signaling. [Abstract]2023 Nov:181:114081. PMID: 37783420 -
Viruses
2022 Jan 27;14(2):258. PMID: 35215851 -
Mol Med Rep
Overexpression of lncRNA Dancr inhibits apoptosis and enhances autophagy to protect cardiomyocytes from endoplasmic reticulum stress injury via sponging microRNA-6324. [Abstract]2021 Feb;23(2):116. PMID: 33300079 -
Exp Cell Res
Blood coagulation factor VIII D1241E polymorphism leads to a weak malectin interaction and reduction of factor VIII posttranslational modification and secretion. [Abstract]2020 Nov 2;397(1):112334. PMID: 33144078 -
BMC Cancer
Glycoprotein α-Subunit of Glucosidase II (GIIα) is a novel prognostic biomarker correlated with unfavorable outcome of urothelial carcinoma. [Abstract]2022 Jul 25;22(1):817. PMID: 35879690 -
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)
Exogenous hydrogen sulfide inhibits apoptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy axis and improves myocardial reconstruction after acute myocardial infarction. [Abstract]2020 Dec 29;52(12):1325-1336. PMID: 33210714 -
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
Low-dose galactose rebalances HBP-mTORC1-SREBP-1c signaling to suppress hepatic lipogenesis and protect against early-stage alcohol-related liver disease. [Abstract]2026 Feb 1;330(2):G170-G188. PMID: 41528029 -
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
Glucose metabolism through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis via promoting N-linked protein glycosylation. [Abstract]2025 Jun 1;328(6):G746-G759. PMID: 40331866 -
Endocrinology
2023 Feb 11;164(4):bqad035. PMID: 36825874 -
Mol Carcinog
ZBTB7A interferes with the RPL5-P53 feedback loop and reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. [Abstract]2024 Sep;63(9):1783-1799. PMID: 38896079 -
Hum Exp Toxicol
Acacetin inhibits activation of microglia to improve neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage through the PERK signaling pathway mediated autophagy. [Abstract]2024 Jan-Dec:43:9603271241251447. PMID: 38720657 -
Immunol Res
HBV infection upregulates GP73 expression to promote liver fibrosis by enhancing ER stress via the Smad2 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jun 27;73(1):100. PMID: 40571844 -
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
ACE2 Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Protects against Pyroptosis by Regulating Ang1-7/Mas in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. [Abstract]2024 Sep 24;29(9):334. PMID: 39344337 -
PPAR Res
Oleoylethanolamide Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Apoptosis. [Abstract]2022 Mar 21;2022:2212996. PMID: 35356086 -
Mol Immunol
2026 May:193:91-102. PMID: 41855765 -
Mol Biol Rep
TMBIM6 promotes diabetic tubular epithelial cell survival and albumin endocytosis by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor, IRE1α. [Abstract]2022 Oct;49(10):9181-9194. PMID: 35857174 -
Vet Microbiol
The PERK-eIF2α branch activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through the NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress NDV replication. [Abstract]2026 May:316:110968. PMID: 41793984 -
Vet Microbiol
African swine fever virus pNP419L inhibits host translation and increases viral replication through the PERK/eIF2α pathway. [Abstract]2026 Mar:314:110920. PMID: 41655497 -
Arch Physiol Biochem
Verbascoside attenuates angiotensin-induced hypertension by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress via the Nur77/GFPT2/CHOP pathway. [Abstract]2025 Nov 24:1-19. PMID: 41284022 -
Vet Microbiol
PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by attenuating global protein synthesis and inducing IFN-Ⅰ production. [Abstract]2025 Jun 3:307:110559. PMID: 40494050 -
DNA Cell Biol
Ferroptosis Is Involved in Diabetes Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]2020 Feb;39(2):210-225. PMID: 31809190 -
Dig Dis Sci
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Hear Res
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Immunol Invest
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Dev Comp Immunol
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Exp Ther Med
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Exp Ther Med
Honokiol inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. [Abstract]2021 Dec;22(6):1476. PMID: 34765017 -
Exp Ther Med
FABP4 alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury in PC12 cells via regulation of PPARγ. [Abstract]2021 Mar;21(3):181. PMID: 33488790 -
Exp Ther Med
HIPK2 sustains inflammatory cytokine production by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress in macrophages. [Abstract]2020 Dec;20(6):171. PMID: 33101464 -
Biochem Biophys Rep
2025 Sep 15:44:102262. PMID: 41019290 -
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Salvianolic acid B improved insulin resistance through suppression of hepatic ER stress in ob/ob mice. [Abstract]2020 Jun 4;526(3):733-737. PMID: 32265029 -
Neurosci Lett
Tunicamycin induces depression-like behaviors in male rats, accompanied by initiated chaperon-mediated autophagy and decreased synaptic protein expression in the hippocampus. [Abstract]2023 Feb 28:798:137058. PMID: 36623760 -
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis
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Transpl Immunol
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Int Heart J
Nebivolol Alleviates Vascular Endothelial Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]2023 Mar 31;64(2):283-293. PMID: 36927931 -
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J Oncol
2022 Sep 26;2022:3659714. PMID: 36199799 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Pharmic Activation of PKG2 Alleviates Diabetes-Induced Osteoblast Dysfunction by Suppressing PLC β 1-Ca2+-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]2021 Jun 16:2021:5552530. PMID: 34221234
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 10 mg/mL (adjust pH to 12 with 1 M NaOH)
Ethanol : 1 mg/mL (ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2 mg/mL; Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2 mg/mL; Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (281 KB)
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SDS (479 KB)
- English - EN (479 KB)
- Français - FR (479 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (479 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (479 KB)
- Español - ES (479 KB)
- Swedish - SV (479 KB)
- Italian - IT (479 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (479 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Hsu JL, et al. Tunicamycin induces resistance to camptothecin and etoposide in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells: role of cell-cycle arrest and GRP78. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;380(5):373-82. [Content Brief]
[2]. Hou H, et al. DPAGT1/Akt/ABCG2 pathway in mouse Xenograft models of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 Dec;12(12):2874-84. [Content Brief]
[3]. Han C, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits cell cycle progression via induction of p27 in melanoma cells. Cell Signal. 2013 Jan;25(1):144-9. [Content Brief]
[4]. Kathleen M McAndrews, et al. Mechanisms associated with biogenesis of exosomes in cancer. Mol Cancer. 2019 Mar 30;18(1):52. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)