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Sodium butyrate

(Synonyms: Butanoic acid sodium; Butyric acid sodium)

21 Cited Publications

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Based on 21 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Sodium Butyrate (sodium butanoate) is an inhibitor of HDAC, possessing anti-tumor activity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.76%
CAS No.: 156-54-7
Formula: C₄H₇NaO₂
Molecular Weight:110.09

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Sodium butyrate Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 156-54-7

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Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (21)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Sodium Butyrate (sodium butanoate) is an inhibitor of HDAC, possessing anti-tumor activity^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5].

IC₅₀ & Target^[2]

HDAC

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Microbial Metabolite

All HDAC Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BT-20	IC₅₀	1.4 mM Compound: 6	Antiproliferative activity against human BT-20 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Antiproliferative activity against human BT-20 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 34826681]
Erythrocyte	CC₅₀	222 μM Compound: NaB	Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as cell viability after 3 days alamar blue assay Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as cell viability after 3 days alamar blue assay	[PMID: 33109398]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.8 mM Compound: Sodium butyrate	Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts by fluorimetric assay Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts by fluorimetric assay	[PMID: 19520580]
HUVEC	IC₅₀	1 mM Compound: sodium butyrate	Inhibition of LPS-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of LPS challenge by one stage clotting assay Inhibition of LPS-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of LPS challenge by one stage clotting assay	[PMID: 17675290]
HUVEC	IC₅₀	2 mM Compound: sodium butyrate	Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of TNFalpha challenge by one stage clotting assay Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of TNFalpha challenge by one stage clotting assay	[PMID: 17675290]
K562	IC₅₀	140 μM Compound: sodium butyrate	Inhibitory activity against partially purified histone deacetylase of human leukemia K562 cells. Inhibitory activity against partially purified histone deacetylase of human leukemia K562 cells.	[PMID: 10425110]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.5 mM Compound: 6	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 34826681]
MDA-MB-231	GI₅₀	>1000 μM Compound: BA, sodium butyrate	Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 5 days by MTT assay Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 18543902]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	0.6 mM Compound: 6	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 34826681]
PC-3	GI₅₀	72.44 μM Compound: BA, sodium butyrate	Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells after 5 days by MTT assay Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 18543902]
T47D	IC₅₀	0.7 mM Compound: 6	Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 34826681]

In Vitro

Sodium Butyrate induces morphological changes, inhibits cell proliferation and impairs cell viability in NPC cells. Sodium Butyrate (1, 5, 10 mM) is cytotoxic to NPC cells, inducing a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability, in both 5-8F and 6-10B cells. Sodium Butyrate induces nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic axis. Moreover, SOCE inhibition and disruption of the CRAC channel can attenuate the apoptosis induced by Sodium Butyrate^[1].
Sodium butyrate significantly decreases cell viability, accompanied by reduced levels of p-mTOR and PCNA protein. Sodium butyrate, in a dose-dependent manner, induces cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and reduces the numbers of cells in S phase. In addition, relative expression of p21, p27, and pro-apoptosis bak genes, and protein levels of p21Waf1/Cip1, p27Kip1, cyclinD3, CDK4, and Cleave-caspase3 are increased by higher concentrations of sodium butyrate (1, 5, 10 mM), and the levels of cyclinD1 and CDK6 are reduced by 5 and 10 mM butyrate^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Sodium Butyrate (300 mg/kg, s.c.) administration immediately after HI provided almost complete neuroprotection in comparison with non-treated animals. Sodium butyrate administration results in an increased number of microglial cells to 150% of vehicle-treated animals in the ipsilateral side. Sodium butyrate promotes the polarization of microglia from M1- to M2-like phenotype after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia^[2]. Sodium butyrate (300 mg/kg, s.c.) in combination with AK-7 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly alleviates this reduction of the time spent exploring new objects, ameliorates the reduction of the number of Ki67-positive cells and DCX-immunoreactive neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus of the mice. In addition, sodium butyrate reverses SIRT2-related age phenotypes^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 156-54-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 110.09
Formula C₄H₇NaO₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

CCCC(O[Na])=O
Synonyms

Butanoic acid sodium; Butyric acid sodium
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (21)

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Journal Impact Factor

Nat Commun

Extracellular vesicles derived EBV tegument protein BRRF2 suppresses cGAS phase separation to promote anti-viral innate immune evasion. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 10;16(1):9015. PMID: 41073405
Transl Neurodegener

Bacteroides coprocola protects dopaminergic neurons in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis and inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 28;15(1):7. PMID: 41761283
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Faecalibaculum rodentium Alleviates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Damage in Mice by Improving Intestinal Integrity and Hematopoiesis via Its Metabolite Butyrate. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 13:e09383. PMID: 41082369
Theranostics

H3K27 acetylation activated-COL6A1 promotes osteosarcoma lung metastasis by repressing STAT1 and activating pulmonary cancer-associated fibroblasts. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 1;11(3):1473-1492. PMID: 33391546
J Exp Clin Cancer Res

Prevotellaceae produces butyrate to alleviate PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity via PPARα-CYP4X1 axis in colonic macrophages. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 3;41(1):1. PMID: 34980222

Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Jan 3;41(1):1. [Abstract]

P. loescheii colonization and butyrate supplementation downregulate IL-1β and TNF-α in colonic macrophages.In the B16F10 melanoma model,the C57BL/6 mice were orally administrated with Prevotellaceae loescheii (P. loescheii) (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mouse/every 2 days) or Sodium butyrate (1 g/kg) for 1 week during BMS-1 (10 mg/kg)-treatment (n = 10). Representative images of immunostaining analysis of CD68⁺iNOS⁺ and CD68⁺CD206⁺ cells in colonic tissues and corresponding quantitative analysis. Scale bars, 20 μm.

Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Jan 3;41(1):1. [Abstract]

P. loescheii colonization and butyrate supplementation downregulate IL-1β and TNF-α in colonic macrophages. In the B16F10 melanoma model, the C57BL/6 mice were orally administrated with Prevotellaceae loescheii (P. loescheii) (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mouse/every 2 days) or Sodium butyrate (1 g/kg) for 1 week during BMS-1 (10 mg/kg)-treatment (n = 10). M1 marker (iNOS and CXCL9) and M2 marker (CD206 and Arg-1) in colonic macrophages were measured by qPCR.

Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Jan 3;41(1):1. [Abstract]

P. loescheii colonization and butyrate supplementation downregulate IL-1β and TNF-α in colonic macrophages. In the B16F10 melanoma model, the C57BL/6 mice were orally administrated with Prevotellaceae loescheii (P. loescheii) (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mouse/every 2 days) or Sodium butyrate (1 g/kg) for 1 week during BMS-1 (10 mg/kg)-treatment (n = 10). The M1 factors (IL-1β and TNF-α) and M2 factors (TGF-β and IL-10) in colonic macrophages were determined by ELISA.
Gut Microbes

Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy by modulating T cell receptor signaling of cytotoxic CD8 T cell. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. PMID: 37635362

Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. [Abstract]

Sodium butyrate (BA, 150 mg/kg; i.p.; four times at 2-day intervals). Images of B16-F0 tumors in mice at day 15 post-tumor implantation.
J Neuroinflammation

Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 4;18(1):254. PMID: 34736493
Cell Death Dis

IL-4 inhibits regulatory T cells differentiation by HDAC9-mediated epigenetic regulation. [Abstract]

2021 May 18;12(6):501. PMID: 34006836
Int J Biol Macromol

Targeting glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase-driven acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 crotonylation dysregulates cholesterol metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;335(Pt 2):149182. PMID: 41285334
Sci Total Environ

Histone hypoacetylation contributes to neurotoxicity induced by chronic nickel exposure in vivo and in vitro. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 20:783:147014. PMID: 34088129
Bioeng Transl Med

An engineered probiotic secreting Sj16 ameliorates colitis via Ruminococcaceae/butyrate/retinoic acid axis. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 2;6(3):e10219. PMID: 34589596
Neurobiol Dis

Sodium butyrate triggers a functional elongation of microglial process via Akt-small RhoGTPase activation and HDACs inhibition. [Abstract]

2018 Mar:111:12-25. PMID: 29248540

Sodium butyrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurobiol Dis. 2018 Mar:111:12-25. [Abstract]

Cdc42-Rac1 activation mediates the effect of SB on microglial process elongation. Representative images showing the activation effect of Cdc42 and Rac1 by Sodium butyrate (SB) (5 mM) at different time points (5, 10 min) in primary cultured microglia.
J Med Virol

ETS Translocation Variant 5 Negatively Modulates Innate Immunity to Facilitate Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;98(1):e70783. PMID: 41459768
BMC Vet Res

Bacterial endotoxin decreased histone H3 acetylation of bovine mammary epithelial cells and the adverse effect was suppressed by sodium butyrate. [Abstract]

2019 Jul 29;15(1):267. PMID: 31357995
Clin Transl Oncol

Sodium butyrate induces apoptosis enhanced by JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib in NK/T-cell lymphoma cell. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 1. PMID: 41621012
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

The acetylation modification regulates the stability of Bm30K-15 protein and its mechanism in silkworm, Bombyx mori. [Abstract]

2021 Jul;107(3):e21823. PMID: 34075635
bioRxiv

2024 August 18.
Research Square Print

September 20th, 2022.
Research Square Preprint

2021 Sep.
Int J Stem Cell Res Ther

2020, 7:068.
Patent

US20180263995A1.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (908.36 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

9.0836 mL

45.4182 mL

90.8364 mL

5 mM

1.8167 mL

9.0836 mL

18.1673 mL

10 mM

0.9084 mL

4.5418 mL

9.0836 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: ≥ 100 mg/mL (908.36 mM); Clear solution

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Protocol

Cell Assay^[1]

Cells are seeded at a density of 2,000 cells/well in 96-well plates with 200 µL culture medium containing Sodium Butyrate at different concentrations. Then, the cells are consecutively cultured for 72 h. Every 24 h, 20 µL 5 mg/mL MTT solution is added into the corresponding well, and the cells are cultured for another 4 h. Then, the solution is replaced with 150 µL dimethylsulfoxide, followed by gentle agitation of the plates for 15 min at room temperature. Finally, the absorbance at 492 nm is measured to represent the cell viability.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration^[2]

Seven-day-old rat pups are subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 60 min of hypoxia (7.6% O₂). Sodium Butyrate (300 mg/kg) is administered in a 5-day regime with the first injection given immediately after hypoxic exposure. The damage of the ipsilateral hemisphere is evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining 6 days after the insult. Samples are collected at 24 and 48 h and 6 days.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Huang W, et al. Inhibition of store-operated Ca2+ entry counteracts the apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells induced by sodium butyrate. Oncol Lett. 2017 Feb;13(2):921-929 [Content Brief]

[2]. Wang P, et al. Sodium butyrate triggers a functional elongation of microglial process via Akt-small RhoGTPase activation and HDACs inhibition. Neurobiol Dis. 2017 Dec 14;111:12-25. [Content Brief]

[3]. Jaworska J, et al. The potential neuroprotective role of a histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate, after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. J Neuroinflammation. 2017 Feb 10;14(1):34 [Content Brief]

[4]. Qiu Y, et al. Effect of sodium butyrate on cell proliferation and cell cycle in porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2017 Jan 27 [Content Brief]

[5]. Jung HY, et al. Sirtuin-2 inhibition affects hippocampal functions and sodium butyrate ameliorates the reduction in novel object memory, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation. Lab Anim Res. 2016 Dec;32(4):224-230 [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O	1 mM	9.0836 mL	45.4182 mL	90.8364 mL	227.0911 mL
	5 mM	1.8167 mL	9.0836 mL	18.1673 mL	45.4182 mL
	10 mM	0.9084 mL	4.5418 mL	9.0836 mL	22.7091 mL
	15 mM	0.6056 mL	3.0279 mL	6.0558 mL	15.1394 mL
	20 mM	0.4542 mL	2.2709 mL	4.5418 mL	11.3546 mL
	25 mM	0.3633 mL	1.8167 mL	3.6335 mL	9.0836 mL
	30 mM	0.3028 mL	1.5139 mL	3.0279 mL	7.5697 mL
	40 mM	0.2271 mL	1.1355 mL	2.2709 mL	5.6773 mL
	50 mM	0.1817 mL	0.9084 mL	1.8167 mL	4.5418 mL
	60 mM	0.1514 mL	0.7570 mL	1.5139 mL	3.7849 mL
	80 mM	0.1135 mL	0.5677 mL	1.1355 mL	2.8386 mL
	100 mM	0.0908 mL	0.4542 mL	0.9084 mL	2.2709 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Sodium butyrate

21 Cited Publications

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Sodium butyrate

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Sodium butyrate

All HDAC Isoforms

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (21)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Sodium butyrate Related Classifications