Steroids

Estetrol, an orally active estrogen synthesized exclusively during pregnancy by the human fetal liver, is a selective nuclear estrogen receptor modulator. Estetrol binds ERα as well as ERβ (with a fourfold lower affinity). Estetrol increases eNOS expression/activity and NO synthesis in endothelial cells. Estetrol exerts estrogenic actions on the endometrium or the central nervous system but presents antagonistic effects on the breast. Estetrol can be used in contraception and menopausal hormone research.

Digitoxigenin is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.

Pregnanediol 3-glucuronide is the main terminal metabolite of Progesterone (HY-N0437). Pregnanediol 3-glucuronide is the metabolite of Progesterone produced in the liver through hydroxylation and glucuronidation, with high hydrophilicity and easy excretion through urine. A decrease in the level of Pregnanediol 3-glucuronide is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, while an increase is associated with the state of pregnancy. Pregnanediol 3-glucuronide is of great significance in the monitoring of female reproductive health, pregnancy assessment, and the diagnosis of endocrine diseases.

5α-Cholestan-3β-ol is a derivitized steroid compound.

Tetrahydrocortisol is a metabolite of Hydrocortisone (HY-N0583) that fails to activate glucocorticoid receptor. Tetrahydrocortisol inhibits Dexamethasone (HY-14648)-induced formation of cross-linked actin networks. Tetrahydrocortisol acts as a synergist to enhance the activity of anticancer agents. Tetrahydrocortisol can be used in the research of primary open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, lung cancer and breast cancer.

Stigmastanol is a 6-amino derivative. Stigmastanol can be isolated from Hypericum riparium. Stigmastanol increases the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10. Stigmastanol reduces the maximum mitochondrial respiration of cells. Stigmastanol has beneficial effects on the weakened immune function of asthma.

Ecdysone (α-Ecdysone), a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs, triggers mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone plays essential roles in coordinating developmental transitions and homeostatic sleep regulation through its active metabolite 20-hydroxyecdysone (Crustecdysone; 20E; HY-N6979).

Fludrocortisone acetate (9α-Fludrocortisone acetate) is an orally active synthetic mineralocorticoid. Fludrocortisone acetate can effectively control sodium retention. Fludrocortisone acetate is used in studies of cardiac injury, adrenal insufficiency and orthostatic hypotension.

Lumisterol 3 (>90%) (9β,10α-Cholesta-5,7-dien-3β-ol) is a normal human secosterooid metabolite from the class of vitamin D3 photoisomer derivatives. Lumisterol 3 (>90%) is used in the preparation of vitamin D.

5-Dehydroepisterol is a C28 alkylated sterol based on ergostane, and serves as a major component of the sterol pool in Leishmania parasites. The content of 5-Dehydroepisterol in Leishmania promastigotes can be depleted by 22,26-Azasterol, Amiodarone (HY-14187) and Tomatine (HY-N2166). Among these agents, Amiodarone (HY-14187) inhibits the biosynthetic process of this sterol by disrupting the function of squalene epoxidase. 5-Dehydroepisterol can be used in the research of leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Adrenosterone ((+)-Adrenosterone) is a competitive hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11β1) inhibitor. Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. Adrenosterone is a dietary supplement that can decrease fat and increase muscle mass. Adrenosterone acts as a suppressor of metastatic progression of human cancer cells.

Tomatidine hydrochloride acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling. Tomatidine hydrochloride activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans.

Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties.

Pregnanediol (NSC 1612) is a Progesterone (HY-N0437) metabolite. Pregnanediol does not affect the transcriptional activity of UGT1A1 enhancer-promoter complex of WT and variant type. pregnanediol inhibits glucuronidation activity of G71R-UGT1A1. Pregnanediol is a cause of breast milk jaundice in carriers of G71R.

8-Dehydrocholesterol elevated concentration is one of the diagnostic biochemical hallmarks of classical Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS).

Telocinobufagin (Telobufotoxin; Telocinobufogenin) is an orally active bufadienolide with potential anti-tumor effects. Telocinobufagin exerts its anti-cancer effects on non-small cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting the STAT3, JAK2/STAT3, LARP1-mTOR, PI3K/Akt/Snail and PLK1 pathways, and can also induce tumor cell apoptosis. Telocinobufagin enhances the Th1 immune response and protects against Salmonella typhimurium infection. Telocinobufagin has a strong cardiac-stimulating effect by inhibiting the activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, and it can promote renal fibrosis. Telocinobufagin demonstrates non-opioid analgesic effects in various acute pain models.

Equilin (7-Dehydroestrone) is an important member of the large group of oestrogenic substances and is chemically related to menformon (oestrone). Equilin increases the growth of cortical neurons via an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism.

Cyasterone, a natural EGFR inhibitor, mainly isolated from Ajuga decumbens Thunb (Labiatae). Cyasterone manifests anti-proliferation effect by induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrests. Cyasterone may serves as a therapeutic anti-tumor agent against human tumors.

Cucurbitacin D is the active ingredient in Trichosanthes kirilowii and can disrupt the interaction between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D is an inflammasome activator. Cucurbitacin D induces cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, exhibiting anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects.

Prednisolone acetate (Prednisolone 21-acetate) is an adrenocortical hormone active molecule with various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immune suppression.