Cat. No.: HY-18705

Azoramide

7 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 7 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Azoramide is a potent, orally active small-molecule modulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Azoramide improves ER protein folding and elevates ER chaperone capacity, which together protects cells against ER stress. Azoramide alleviates PLA2G6 mutant-induced ER stress through modulating unfolded protein response, and enhances the CERB signaling to rescue mitochondrial function, thereby preventing apoptosis of DA neurons. Azoramide has antidiabetic activity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.57%
CAS No.: 932986-18-0
Formula: C₁₅H₁₇ClN₂OS
Molecular Weight:308.83

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Azoramide Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 932986-18-0

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (7)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All Caspase Isoforms :

All Bcl-2 Family Isoforms :

In Vitro

Azoramide (0.01-100 μM; 0-24 h; Huh7 cells) regulates ER folding and secretion capacity without inducing ER stress^[1].
Azoramide (15 μM; 2-16 h; Huh7 cells) protects cells from induced ER stress. Azoramide counteracts Tunicamycin (Tm, HY-A0098)-induced ATF6LD-Cluc secretion and Tm-induced decrease of ASGR-Cluc secretion. Azoramide suppresses Tm-induced GRP78 and CHOP protein expression^[1].
Azoramide (15 μM; 2-16 h; Hepa 1-6 cells) alters ER calcium homeostasis and retains a greater fraction of Ca²⁺ in the ER^[1].
Azoramide (0-10 μM; 5 d) attenuates loss of PLA2G6^D331Y/D331Y iPSC-derived midbrain DA neurons^[2].
Azoramide (10 μM; 5 d) reduces the increase in ROS and ameliorates the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential in PLA2G6^D331Y/D331Y midbrain DA neurons^[2].
Azoramide (10 μM; 0-30 d) suppresses mitochondrial fragmentation in PLA2G6^D331Y/D331Y midbrain DA neurons^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

DA neurons
Concentration:

0, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 µM
Incubation Time:

5 days
Result:

Enhanced cell viability with 27 and 39% for 3 and 10 μM, respectively.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

DA neurons
Concentration:

10 μM
Incubation Time:

24 hours
Result:

Decreased the cleaved level of caspase 3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 in PLA2G6 mutant neurons.
Enhanced expression of CREB in PLA2G6 mutant neurons.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

DA neurons
Concentration:

10 μM
Incubation Time:

30 days
Result:

Suppressed increased expression of UPR proteins, elevated the decreased expression level of mfn1, and inhibited the elevated expression levels of DRP1 and Fis1 in PLA2G6 mutant neurons

In Vivo

Azoramide (150 mg/kg; p.o.; daily, for 7 d; Huh7 cells; ob/ob mice) improves glucose homeostasis in mice with genetic obesity and preserves beta cell function and survival during metabolic ER stress^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male ob/ob mice (9-12 weeks of age)^[1]
Dosage:

150 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral administration; daily, for 7 days
Result:

Reduces ER stress and improves metabolism in ob/ob mice.
Increased the levels of Pdx1 mRNA and improved beta cell function.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 932986-18-0
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 308.83
Formula C₁₅H₁₇ClN₂OS
Color White to off-white
SMILES

CCCC(NCCC1=CSC(C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)=N1)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (7)

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Journal Impact Factor

Nat Metab

Single-cell perturbations decipher ribosomal stress-surveillance regulators in type 2 diabetes. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;8(1):139-158. PMID: 41482566
Free Radic Biol Med

Azoramide prevents MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal death via upregulating ER chaperone BiP expression. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 1:208:299-308. PMID: 37625657
Stem Cell Res Ther

Azoramide, a novel regulator, favors adipogenesis against osteogenesis through inhibiting the GLP-1 receptor-PKA-β-catenin pathway. [Abstract]

2018 Mar 9;9(1):57. PMID: 29523188

Azoramide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018 Mar 9;9(1):57. [Abstract]

Western blot of Runx2 protein in C3H10T1/2 cells subjected to 15 μM Azoramide.
Cell Prolif

Surf4 facilitates reprogramming by activating the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2021 Nov;54(11):e13133. PMID: 34585448
Eur J Pharmacol

2025 Oct 24;1007:178299.
Toxicology

Proteasome inhibition induces apoptosis through simultaneous inactivation of MCL-1/BCL-XL by NOXA independent of CHOP and JNK pathways. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 6:153906. PMID: 39117261
J Biol Chem

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress causes fatty acid-binding protein 4 secretion in murine adipocytes. [Abstract]

2020 Feb 28;295(9):2713-2723. PMID: 31992597

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 30 mg/mL (97.14 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.2380 mL

16.1899 mL

32.3799 mL

5 mM

0.6476 mL

3.2380 mL

6.4760 mL

10 mM

0.3238 mL

1.6190 mL

3.2380 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.09 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.09 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.09 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Fu S, et, al. Phenotypic assays identify azoramide as a small-molecule modulator of the unfolded protein response with antidiabetic activity. Sci Transl Med. 2015 Jun 17;7(292):292ra98. [Content Brief]

[2]. Ke M, et, al. Azoramide protects iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons with PLA2G6 D331Y mutation through restoring ER function and CREB signaling. Cell Death Dis. 2020 Feb 18;11(2):130. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	3.2380 mL	16.1899 mL	32.3799 mL	80.9496 mL
	5 mM	0.6476 mL	3.2380 mL	6.4760 mL	16.1899 mL
	10 mM	0.3238 mL	1.6190 mL	3.2380 mL	8.0950 mL
	15 mM	0.2159 mL	1.0793 mL	2.1587 mL	5.3966 mL
	20 mM	0.1619 mL	0.8095 mL	1.6190 mL	4.0475 mL
	25 mM	0.1295 mL	0.6476 mL	1.2952 mL	3.2380 mL
	30 mM	0.1079 mL	0.5397 mL	1.0793 mL	2.6983 mL
	40 mM	0.0809 mL	0.4047 mL	0.8095 mL	2.0237 mL
	50 mM	0.0648 mL	0.3238 mL	0.6476 mL	1.6190 mL
	60 mM	0.0540 mL	0.2698 mL	0.5397 mL	1.3492 mL
	80 mM	0.0405 mL	0.2024 mL	0.4047 mL	1.0119 mL

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Azoramide

Apoptosis Compound Library

Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library

Metabolism/Protease Compound Library

NF-κB Signaling Compound Library

Stem Cell Signaling Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Aging Compound Library

Reprogramming Compound Library

Anti-diabetic Compound Library

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Compound Library

Orally Active Compound Library

Glutamine Metabolism Compound Library

Anti-Blood Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Metabolism Compound Library

Anti-Parkinson's Disease Compound Library

Neurodegenerative Disease-related Compound Library

Mitochondria-Targeted Compound Library

Glucose Metabolism Compound Library

Cuproptosis Compound Library

Cancer Stem Cells Compound Library

Heterocyclic Compound Library

Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library

Metabolic Enzyme Compound Library

Protease Inhibitor Library

Cell Death Library

Anti-Hematopathy Compound Library

Anti-Ovarian Cancer Compound Library

Multi-Target Compound Library

Mitophagy Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Lactylation Compound Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Azoramide

All Caspase Isoforms

All Bcl-2 Family Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (7)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Azoramide Related Classifications

HY-18705 Related Classifications