Phanginin D
Phanginin D is a cassane-type furanoditerpene found in the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. Phanginin D induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells by activating Caspase-3 and promoting the cleavage of procaspase-3 and PARP. Phanginin D can be used for research on human promyelocytic leukemia.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 1011528-61-2
- Formula: C22H30O5
- Molecular Weight:374.47
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
Caspase 3 |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HL-60 | IC50 |
11.7 μM
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Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells assessed by modified MTT assay after 48 hrs of treatment.
Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells assessed by modified MTT assay after 48 hrs of treatment.
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25858626 |
| HeLa | IC50 |
22.7 μM
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Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cells assessed by modified MTT assay after 48 hrs of treatment.
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cells assessed by modified MTT assay after 48 hrs of treatment.
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25858626 |
In Vitro
Phanginin D (compound 3) (1-50 μM; 48 h) exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells with an IC50 of 11.7 μM and an IC50 of 22.7 μM against HeLa cells, while showing weaker activity against MCF-7 cells[1].
Phanginin D (compound 4) shows no activity against the human KB cell line in the SRB cytotoxicity assay[2].
Phanginin D (1-30 μM; 12-48 h) increases Caspase-3 activity by approximately 1-5 fold in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HL-60 cells[1].
Phanginin D (1-30 μM; 24 h) promotes procaspase-3 cleavage and Caspase-3 activation in HL-60 cells, and at 30 μM promotes the cleavage of PARP from the 116 kDa intact protein into predominantly an 89 kDa fragment[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:HL-60
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Concentration:1, 10, 30 μM
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Incubation Time:12, 24, 48 h
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Result:Increased caspase-3 activity by approximately 1-5 folds.
Displayed dose- and time-dependent caspase-3 activation.
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Cell Line:HL-60
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Concentration:0, 1, 10, 30 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Induced proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3 into its active form.
Cleaved PARP from its intact form (116 kDa) into fragments (major fragment, 89 kDa) by treatment with 30 μM.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1011528-61-2
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Molecular Weight 374.47
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Formula C22H30O5
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SMILES
COC([C@]12[C@@]3([H])[C@](CO[C@@H]1OC)(CCC2)[C@]4([H])[C@@]([C@H](C5=C(OC=C5)C4)C)([H])CC3)=O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Protocols
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
Purity & Documentation
References
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Phanginin D Related Classifications
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