Art. -Nr.: HY-B0318

Metronidazole

70 Cited Publications

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Based on 70 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Metronidazole is an orally active nitroimidazole antibiotic. Metronidazole can cross blood brain barrier. Metronidazole can be used for the research of anaerobic infections.

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Reinheit: 99.98%
CAS. Nr.: 443-48-1
Formel: C₆H₉N₃O₃
Molecular Weight:171.16

Speicherung:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light)

Metronidazole Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 443-48-1

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Biologische Aktivität
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- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (70)
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- In Vivo
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Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Metronidazole is an orally active nitroimidazole antibiotic. Metronidazole can cross blood brain barrier. Metronidazole can be used for the research of anaerobic infections^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4].

Alle Antibiotic Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle Parasite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Mtz	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27598233]
A549	IC₅₀	223.78 μg/mL Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30554970]
BEAS-2B	IC₅₀	2.24 mM Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human BEAS-2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human BEAS-2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33231455]
CHO	IC₅₀	177.9 μM Compound: metronidazole	Inhibition of Cav1.2 current measured using QPatch automatic path clamp system in CHO cells expressing Cav1.2, beta-2 and alpha-2/delta-1 subunits Inhibition of Cav1.2 current measured using QPatch automatic path clamp system in CHO cells expressing Cav1.2, beta-2 and alpha-2/delta-1 subunits	[PMID: 23812503]
CHO	IC₅₀	>400 μM Compound: 18; MNZ	Cytotoxicity against CHO cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against CHO cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27597415]
CHO	IC₅₀	280 μM Compound: 18; MNZ	Cytotoxicity against CHO cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against CHO cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27597415]
CHO-AA8	IC₅₀	23 mM Compound: 5	Concentration required to reduce AA8 cell numbers to 50% of controls in a growth inhibition microassay Concentration required to reduce AA8 cell numbers to 50% of controls in a growth inhibition microassay	[PMID: 8308864]
CHO-K1	IC₅₀	2.92 mM Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against CHO-K1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against CHO-K1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33231455]
Epithelial cell	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human kidney epithelial cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human kidney epithelial cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18068273]
Epithelial cell	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human kidney epithelial cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human kidney epithelial cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18187238]
Epithelial cell	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human kidney epithelial cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human kidney epithelial cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18378360]
H9c2	IC₅₀	>116 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Toxicity in rat H9c2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Toxicity in rat H9c2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19589625]
H9c2	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: MNZ	Cytotoxicity against rat H9c2 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against rat H9c2 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21715066]
HEK293	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against HEK cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HEK cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18384916]
HEK293	CC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 24 hrs by resazurin assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 24 hrs by resazurin assay	[PMID: 27236016]
HeLa	EC₅₀	>1000 μg/mL Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 22846917]
HeLa	IC₅₀	>1000 μg/mL Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24727243]
HeLa	IC₅₀	>1000 μg/mL Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells	[PMID: 24900434]
HeLa	IC₅₀	>5000 μM Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27643640]
HeLa	IC₅₀	>5000 μM Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29216562]
HeLa	CC₅₀	285.7 μM Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 38461555]
HeLa	CC₅₀	666.2 μM Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 38461555]
HepG2	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: MNZ	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22236470]
HepG2	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: MNZ, Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22658085]
HepG2	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: MNZ, Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22840694]
HepG2	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: MNZ	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23644202]
HepG2	CC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 24 hrs by resazurin assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 24 hrs by resazurin assay	[PMID: 27236016]
HT-29	IC₅₀	278.08 μg/mL Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30554970]
KB	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: metronidazole (MNZ)	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17513021]
KB	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: MNZ, metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 44 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18222017]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20696501]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20961670]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21377771]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>250 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22309914]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>250 μM Compound: MNZ	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22444681]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>250 μM Compound: 1, MNZ	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22832309]
MCF7	IC₅₀	347.96 μg/mL Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30554970]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>250 μM Compound: MNZ	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) MCF-7 cells assessed as decrease in number of viable cells after 48 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) MCF-7 cells assessed as decrease in number of viable cells after 48 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-012-0070-6
MCF7	IC₅₀	>250 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) MCF7 cells after 48 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) MCF7 cells after 48 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-012-0107-x
MDCK	CC₅₀	68 μM Compound: Met	Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19208443]
Splenocyte	IC₅₀	5.4 μM Compound: Mtz	Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse splenocytes assessed as [3H]-thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs by beta-radiation counting analysis relative to control Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse splenocytes assessed as [3H]-thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs by beta-radiation counting analysis relative to control	[PMID: 24530492]
THP-1	IC₅₀	>1460 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by propidium iodide-based flow cytometry Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by propidium iodide-based flow cytometry	[PMID: 18590939]
THP-1	IC₅₀	>500 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry	[PMID: 19748781]
Vero	CC₅₀	387 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21397502]
Vero	CC₅₀	>16 μg/mL Compound: metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by CellTiterGlo assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by CellTiterGlo assay	[PMID: 22691154]
Vero	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by WST-1 assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by WST-1 assay	[PMID: 23787289]
Vero	CC₅₀	387 μM Compound: MNZ	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 24529307]
Vero	CC₅₀	>600 μM Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 24 hrs by resazurin redox dye based fluorimetric microtiter method Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 24 hrs by resazurin redox dye based fluorimetric microtiter method	[PMID: 25771033]
Vero	CC₅₀	367 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25801157]
Vero	CC₅₀	>600 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 24 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 24 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 27017556]
Vero	CC₅₀	387 μM Compound: Metronidazole	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 24 to 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 24 to 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 28645659]
Vero	CC₅₀	>300 μM Compound: MTZ	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells	[PMID: 33556576]
Vero	CC₅₀	>300 μM Compound: Metro	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorometric analysis Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorometric analysis	[PMID: 37729094]

In Vitro

Metronidazole displays inhibitory activity towards anaerobic protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Balantidium coli^[1].
Metronidazole (4-8 μg/mL) inhibits anaerobic bacteria and shows good bactericidal activity^[1].
Metronidazole (0.1 μg/mL-0.01 mg/mL; 12-96 h) induces granular formation and triggers apoptosis in Blastocystis sp^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

Blastocystis sp. Cells
Concentration:

0.1 μg/mL-0.01 mg/mL
Incubation Time:

12, 24, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 hours
Result:

Decreased cell diameter, as a hallmark of an apoptotic cell, and resulted cell shrinkage.

In Vivo

Metronidazole (135 mg/kg/d; p.o.; 28 d) can cross the blood brain barrier, and exhibits neurotoxicity under long term administration in rats^[3].
Metronidazole (1 g/L; p.o.; 4 weeks) results skeletal muscle atrophy and changes the expression of genes involved in the muscle peripheral circadian rhythm machinery and metabolic regulation^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (200-220 g)^[3]
Dosage:

135 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage; once daily; 28 days
Result:

Caused inflammatory markers increasing, including iNOS, eNOS, Bax and caspase 3 protein expressions increasing and caused oxidative stress damage in brain tissue, with MDA content rising.

Animal Model:

SPF C57Bl/6J mice (6-7 months old)^[4]
Dosage:

1 g/L
Administration:

Oral gavage; provided with drinking water for 4 weeks, changed twice weekly
Result:

Resulted the muscle core clock and effector genes Cry2, Ror-β, E4BP4, PP ARγ and adiponectin expression increasing.
Decreased hind limb muscle weight and resulted in smaller fibers in the tibialis anterior muscle.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 443-48-1
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 171.16
Formel C₆H₉N₃O₃
Color White to off-white
SMILES

OCCN1C([N+]([O-])=O)=CN=C1C
Structure Classification
- Antibiotics
- Other Antibiotics
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Gram-negative and Gram-positive anaerobic
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Speicherung

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light)

Publications (70)

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Science

Commensal-driven serotonin production modulates in vivo delivery of synthetic and viral vectors. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 19;391(6791):eadu7686. PMID: 41855345
Cancer Cell

Ketogenic diet inhibits glioma progression by promoting gut microbiota-derived butyrate production. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 25:S1535-6108(25)00394-0. PMID: 41005305
Cell Metab

Stress triggers irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea through a spermidine-mediated decline in type I interferon. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 7;37(1):87-103.e10. PMID: 39366386
Cell Metab

High dietary fructose promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by enhancing O-GlcNAcylation via microbiota-derived acetate. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 7;35(11):1961-1975.e6. PMID: 37797623
Immunity

NF-κB-activated fibroblasts orchestrate inflammaging and emergence of pro-inflammatory granzyme K+ T cells. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 27:S1074-7613(26)00086-5. PMID: 41903549
Immunity

Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves fuels basophil infiltration in atopic dermatitis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 10;59(3):598-617.e11. PMID: 41722568
Gut

Dysbiotic oral microbiota-derived kynurenine, induced by chronic restraint stress, promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by enhancing CD8+ T cell exhaustion. [Abstract]

2025 May 7;74(6):935-947. PMID: 39904603
Cancer Res

2026 May 15. PMID: 42139517
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Microbiota-Derived Inosine Suppresses Systemic Autoimmunity via Restriction of B Cell Differentiation and Migration. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 28:e2409837. PMID: 40289872
J Adv Res

The gut microbiotas with metabolites regulate the protective role of miR-30a-5p in myocardial infarction. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 21:S2090-1232(24)00472-7. PMID: 39442873
Microbiome

The gut microbiota regulates autism-like behavior by mediating vitamin B6 homeostasis in EphB6-deficient mice. [Abstract]

2020 Aug 20;8(1):120. PMID: 32819434
Water Res

Quantifying community-wide antibiotic usage via urban water fingerprinting: Focus on contrasting resource settings in South Africa. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 15:240:120110. PMID: 37247434
Gut Microbes

Gut microbial ammonia as a mediator of PFOS neurotoxicity and its remediation by the flavonoid Icaritin. [Abstract]

2026 Dec 31;18(1):2620125. PMID: 41629743
Gut Microbes

Gut microbiota-mediated betaine regulates skeletal muscle fiber type transition by affecting m6A RNA methylation and Myh7 expression. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;17(1):2545434. PMID: 40824213

Metronidazole purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2545434. [Abstract]

Western blot analysis of METTL3 and YTHDF2 protein expression from the CON and ABX (Ampicillin (1 g/L), Neomycin (1 g/L), Metronidazole (1 g/L), and vancomycin (0.5 g/L); drinking water from 6 to 12 weeks) mice (n = 3/group).

Metronidazole purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2545434. [Abstract]

RT-qPCR analysis of METTL3 and YTHDF2 protein expression from the CON and ABX (Ampicillin (1 g/L), Neomycin (1 g/L), Metronidazole (1 g/L), and vancomycin (0.5 g/L); drinking water from 6 to 12 weeks) mice (n = 3/group).
Gut Microbes

Multi-omics data reveals aberrant gut microbiota-host glycerophospholipid metabolism in association with neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;15(2):2282790. PMID: 37992400

Metronidazole purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2282790. [Abstract]

Depletion of CD8+ T cells in ABX-treated B16-F0 tumor-bearing mice dampened the antitumor effect of butyrate combined with anti-PD-1 (Figure 4b–e). Decreased serum IFN-γ and TNF-α production during the depletion of CD8+ T cells was also observed. ABX：an antibiotic cocktail of 0.5 g/L Vancomycin, 1 g/L Metronidazole, 1 g/L Neomycin and 1 g/L Ampicillin.
Gut Microbes

Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy by modulating T cell receptor signaling of cytotoxic CD8 T cell. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. PMID: 37635362

Metronidazole purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. [Abstract]

Targeted metabolomics analysis of gut microbial metabolites (AA, PA, and BA) in colon contents (feces) and serum from mice with or without ABX treatment (n = 6 per group). ABX: an antibiotic cocktail of 0.5 g/L Vancomycin, 1 g/L Metronidazole,1 g/L Neomycin and 1 g/L Ampicillin
J Exp Med

Antibiotic use in early life impairs MAIT cell-mediated immunity in adulthood. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 2;223(3):e20241287. PMID: 41400657

Metronidazole purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Med. 2026 Mar 2;223(3):e20241287. [Abstract]

The number and frequency of MAIT cells in the ear pinnae and lungs of mice at 8 wk old following treatment with Metronidazole (30 mg/kg/day; oral gavage; from 2 to 4 weeks).
Cell Rep Med

Intestinal Lachnospiraceae bacterium-derived propionate inhibits the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 21;6(10):102410. PMID: 41067230
Pharmacol Res

Multi-omics approaches for the understanding of therapeutic mechanism for Huang-Qi-Long-Dan Granule against ischemic stroke. [Abstract]

2024 May 21:205:107229. PMID: 38782148
Pharmacol Res

Oral microbiota dysbiosis alters chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors by modulating host metabolism. [Abstract]

2024 May 17:107214. PMID: 38763328
J Neuroinflammation

The gut microbiota limits systemic inflammation during neurotrophic viral CNS infection by priming tonic type I interferon signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 4;22(1):259. PMID: 41189008

Metronidazole purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Nov 4;22(1):259. [Abstract]

Sufficiently enhanced susceptibility to JE by ampicillin (A) and/or Metronidazole (M) (1 g/L; drinking water; for 21 days) treatment in C57BL/6 mice.
Cell Death Dis

Effects of short-chain fatty acids in inhibiting HDAC and activating p38 MAPK are critical for promoting B10 cell generation and function. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 7;12(6):582. PMID: 34099635
Sci China Life Sci

2026 Apr;69(4):1271-1283. PMID: 41627665
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes

Gut microbiota dysbiosis-mediated ceramides elevation contributes to corticosterone-induced depression by impairing mitochondrial function. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 28;10(1):111. PMID: 39468065
J Pharm Anal

Protective effects of dioscin against Parkinson's disease via regulating bile acid metabolism through remodeling gut microbiome/GLP-1 signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;13(10):1153-1167. PMID: 38024855
Int J Biol Macromol

Tremella aurantialba polysaccharides alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice by improving intestinal barrier via modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 19:135835. PMID: 39306158
Food Chem X

Machine learning prioritization of antibiotic residues in aquatic foods reveals exposure-driven genotoxic risk mediated by BCL2. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 8:34:103646. PMID: 41756597
Free Radic Biol Med

Gut microbiota derived butyrate enhances ferroptosis sensitivity in endometriosis through FFAR2/PPAR-γ/PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:238:640-652. PMID: 40669572
Cancer Immunol Res

NET-Triggered NLRP3 Activation and IL18 Release Drive Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 2;10(12):1542-1558. PMID: 36255412
Food Res Int

2026 Jul 31:236:119200. PMID: 42116470
Emerg Microbes Infect

Metformin attenuated sepsis-related liver injury by modulating gut microbiota. [Abstract]

2022 Dec;11(1):815-828. PMID: 35191819
Aging Cell

2026 May;25(5):e70539. PMID: 42128879
Cell Rep

Temporal dynamics of immune cell transcriptomics in brain metastasis progression influenced by gut microbiome dysbiosis. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 28;44(3):115356. PMID: 40023843
Neurotherapeutics

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Aged Mice Render Recipient Mice Resistant to MPTP-Induced Nigrostriatal Degeneration Via a Neurogenesis-Dependent but Inflammation-Independent Manner. [Abstract]

2023 Sep;20(5):1405-1426. PMID: 37596429
Cell Rep

Multi-modal Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Brain Immune Landscape Plasticity during Aging and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. [Abstract]

2020 Dec 1;33(9):108438. PMID: 33264626
Clin Transl Med

Gut microbiota of miR-30a-5p-deleted mice aggravate high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;14(10):e70035. PMID: 39360667
Neural Regen Res

Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to α-synuclein-related pathology associated with C/EBPβ/AEP signaling activation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 1;19(9):2081-2088. PMID: 38227539
J Agric Food Chem

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-Derived Indole-3-lactic Acid Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Integrity through the AhR/Nrf2/NF-κB Axis. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 10. PMID: 38597152
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

PPARγ-responsive luciferase reporter system for high-throughput screening of chemical toxins with potential pulmonary fibrosis effects. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 15:307:119433. PMID: 41273832
Biochem Pharmacol

MNAM enhances Blautia abundance and modulates Th17/Treg balance to alleviate diabetes in T2DM mice. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;230(Pt 2):116593. PMID: 39454734
Am J Chin Med

Astragaloside IV Ameliorates Colonic Adenomatous Polyps Development by Orchestrating Gut Bifidobacterium and Serum Metabolome. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 21:1-28. PMID: 39164214
J Ethnopharmacol

Quyushengxin formula restores the integrity of intestinal barrier by regulating the gut microbiota to ameliorate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 1:358:120992. PMID: 41344523
Life Sci

Electroacupuncture preserves intestinal barrier integrity through modulating the gut microbiota in DSS-induced chronic colitis. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 15;261:118473. PMID: 32971101
CNS Neurosci Ther

2026 May;32(5):e70933. PMID: 42157727
CNS Neurosci Ther

Berberine Alleviates Kainic Acid-Induced Acute Epileptic Seizures in Mice via Reshaping Gut Microbiota-Associated Lipid Metabolism. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;31(2):e70253. PMID: 39915895
Int Immunopharmacol

Early-life antibiotic dysbiosis impairs microbial tryptophan- nicotinic acid metabolism exacerbating food allergy in adulthood. [Abstract]

2025 May 21:159:114888. PMID: 40403504
Front Aging Neurosci

Transplantation of fecal microbiota from APP/PS1 mice and Alzheimer's disease patients enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cerebral cortex of wild-type mice. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 28;14:858130. PMID: 35966768
Antimicrob Agents Chemother

Dihydrotanshinone I Is Effective against Drug-Resistant Helicobacter pylori In Vitro and In Vivo. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 17;65(3):e01921-20. PMID: 33318002
Exp Neurol

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition mediates the therapeutic effects in Parkinson's disease mice by modulating inflammation and neurogenesis in a gut microbiota dependent manner. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 8:385:115142. PMID: 39793693
iScience

Stability and biocompatibility of hBD3 with different chiral configurations and their therapeutic efficacy in periodontitis. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 25;28(11):113648. PMID: 41142128
iScience

AF6 regulates intestinal IgA via crosstalk between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease. [Abstract]

2025 May 13;28(7):112658. PMID: 40687779
iScience

Gut microbiota from voluntary exercised mice protects the intestinal barrier by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation. [Abstract]

2025 May 27;28(6):112763. PMID: 40585508
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Analysis of microbiota reveals the underlying mechanism of PHF11 in the development of Enterococcus-regulated endometriotic cysts. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 7;26(11):108158. PMID: 37915596
J Cell Physiol

Lactobacillus plantarum alleviates irradiation-induced intestinal injury by activation of FXR-FGF15 signaling in intestinal epithelia. [Abstract]

2022 Mar;237(3):1845-1856. PMID: 34881818
Sci Rep

The role and mechanism of lung microbiota in coal mine dust-induced NLRP3 inflammasome upregulate and lung injury. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 2;15(1):22990. PMID: 40594884
Aquaculture

2021, 736248.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol

5-aminosalicylic acid alleviates colitis and protects intestinal barrier function by modulating gut microbiota in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;398(4):3681-3695. PMID: 39352537
Mol Immunol

Alteration of intestinal microecology by oral antibiotics promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma development. [Abstract]

2022 Sep:149:94-106. PMID: 35803000
Carcinogenesis

EphB6 deficiency in intestinal neurons promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer by neurotransmitter GABA signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 2;44(8-9):682-694. PMID: 37294054
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Multi-omics approaches to explore the therapeutic mechanism for ginsenoside Rg1 against MASLD. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 7:776:152161. PMID: 40527176
Res Sq

2026 Mar 11.
bioRxiv

2026 Feb 26.
SSRN

2026 Jan 7.
bioRxiv

2025 Oct 9.
bioRxiv

2024 Jul 25.
Res Sq

2024 Oct 02.
bioRxiv

2024 May 10.
Research Square Print

2023 Mar 10.
Research Square Preprint

2021 Aug.
bioRxiv

2019 Oct.

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (584.25 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 5 mg/mL (29.21 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.8425 mL

29.2124 mL

58.4249 mL

5 mM

1.1685 mL

5.8425 mL

11.6850 mL

10 mM

0.5842 mL

2.9212 mL

5.8425 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.15 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.15 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.15 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 12.5 mg/mL (73.03 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (282 KB)
SDS (419 KB)
- English - EN (419 KB)
- Français - FR (419 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (419 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (419 KB)
- Español - ES (419 KB)
- Swedish - SV (419 KB)
- Italian - IT (419 KB)
- Korean - KR (419 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (419 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Scully BE. Metronidazole. Med Clin North Am. 1988 May;72(3):613-21. [Content Brief]

[2]. Dhurga DB, et al. Granular Formation during Apoptosis in Blastocystis sp. Exposed to Metronidazole (MTZ). PLoS One. 2016 Jul 29;11(7):e0155390. [Content Brief]

[3]. Chaturvedi S, et al. Mechanistic exploration of quercetin against metronidazole induced neurotoxicity in rats: Possible role of nitric oxide isoforms and inflammatory cytokines. Neurotoxicology. 2020 Jul;79:1-10. [Content Brief]

[4]. Manickam R, et al. Metronidazole Causes Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Modulates Muscle Chronometabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Aug 16;19(8):2418. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	5.8425 mL	29.2124 mL	58.4249 mL	146.0622 mL
	5 mM	1.1685 mL	5.8425 mL	11.6850 mL	29.2124 mL
	10 mM	0.5842 mL	2.9212 mL	5.8425 mL	14.6062 mL
	15 mM	0.3895 mL	1.9475 mL	3.8950 mL	9.7375 mL
	20 mM	0.2921 mL	1.4606 mL	2.9212 mL	7.3031 mL
	25 mM	0.2337 mL	1.1685 mL	2.3370 mL	5.8425 mL
DMSO	30 mM	0.1947 mL	0.9737 mL	1.9475 mL	4.8687 mL
	40 mM	0.1461 mL	0.7303 mL	1.4606 mL	3.6516 mL
	50 mM	0.1168 mL	0.5842 mL	1.1685 mL	2.9212 mL
	60 mM	0.0974 mL	0.4869 mL	0.9737 mL	2.4344 mL
	80 mM	0.0730 mL	0.3652 mL	0.7303 mL	1.8258 mL
	100 mM	0.0584 mL	0.2921 mL	0.5842 mL	1.4606 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Metronidazole

70 Cited Publications

100 mg Angebot einholen

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Metronidazole

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Metronidazole

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Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (70)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Metronidazole Related Classifications

HY-B0318 Related Classifications