2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-149879
    Npx-Au
    Npx-Au is a NSAID–Au(I) complex with antitumor activity. Npx-Au can be used for the research of ovarian cancer. Npx-Au is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Npx-Au
  • HY-N14116
    Garlic oil
    		Inducer
    Garlic oil contains various organosulfur compounds with anticancer activities. Garlic oil can significantly activate apoptosis in lung tissue induced by NNK (HY-126477). Furthermore, Garlic oil can markedly reduce NNK-induced DNA damage and prevent the occurrence of lung cancer by inducing the expression of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (HO-1, NQO-1, and GSTA1).
    Garlic oil
  • HY-126956
    Porphyra 334
    		Inhibitor
    Porphyra 334 is a carnosine-like amino acid and a natural photoprotective agent and antioxidant. Porphyra-334 exerts its photoprotective effects by scavenging ROS, inhibiting the expression and activity of MMP-1/8, and promoting the synthesis of collagen and elastin. Porphyra 334 effectively inhibits linoleic acid oxidation induced by alkyl radicals (AAPH) and singlet oxygen. Porphyra 334 has anti-obesity potential by inhibiting the expression of PPARγ2 and C/EBPα. Porphyra 334 protects cells against UV-induced DNA damage and apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3.
    Porphyra 334
  • HY-178380
    HDAC8-IN-14
    		Activator
    HDAC8-IN-14, a curcuminoid derivative, is a selective HDAC8 inhibitor with a Ki of 9 nM. HDAC8-IN-14 induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotes apoptosis. HDAC8-IN-14 can significantly promote the accumulation of cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase, consistent with apoptotic or necrotic cell death. HDAC8-IN-14 induces upregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and the pro-apoptotic protein Bak while leaving the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels unaltered. HDAC8-IN-14 can be used for the study of leukemia.
    HDAC8-IN-14
  • HY-N10611
    Elsinochrome A
    		Inducer
    Elsinochrome A is a perylene quinone photosensitizer, and can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce apoptosis and autophagy under light excitation. Elsinochrome A also shows antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilm through photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). Elsinochrome A can be used for research of photodynamic therapy (PDT) (Ex: 460 nm).
    Elsinochrome A
  • HY-N19463
    Dicatenarin
    		Inducer
    Dicatenarin is a caspase‑3 activator with growth‑inhibitory activity against human cancer cells. Dicatenarin increases caspase‑3 activity, induces intracellular ROS generation, and activates the mitochondrial‑mediated apoptotic pathway. Dicatenarin exerts growth‑inhibitory effects against a panel of human cancer cell lines. Dicatenarin can be used in research on pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer.
    Dicatenarin
  • HY-D1395
    RH-EDA
    RH-EDA is a rhodamine-based turn-on fluorescent probe for detecting hydroxyl radicals in living systems.
    RH-EDA
  • HY-19108
    CI-959
    		Inhibitor
    CI-959 is an inhibitor of inflammatory cell activation. CI-959 exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. CI-959 can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils, as well as neutrophil adhesion, respiratory burst, and histamine release from mast cells. CI-959 can also inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and thromboxane from guinea-pig and human lung tissues, and effectively suppress anti-IgE-induced contractions of human bronchial smooth muscle. CI-959 can be used in the research of inflammatory and allergic diseases, such as asthma.
    CI-959
  • HY-183357
    GABAAR/5-HT2AR modulator-1
    		Inhibitor
    GABAAR/5-HT2AR modulator-1 is an orally active and brain-penetrant GABAAR agonist and 5-HT2AR antagonist with Kd values of 0.89 and 0.78 μM. GABAAR/5-HT2AR modulator-1 blocks 5-HT-stimulated IP1 accumulation, inducing a chloride current, reduces LPS (HY-D1056)-induced increases of ROS, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 levels. Antidepressant agent 11 dihydrochloride inhibits NF-κB pathway activation by reducing IκBα and p65 phosphorylation and blocking p65 nuclear translocation. GABAAR/5-HT2AR modulator-1 alleviates depression-like behaviors in LPS-challenged and chronic restraint stress-challenged mice, and protects hippocampal neurons against inflammation-mediated damage.
    GABAAR/5-HT2AR modulator-1
  • HY-181548
    YL3147
    		Inhibitor
    YL3147 is a ferroptosis inhibitor. YL3147 also acts as a radical-trapping antioxidant that directly prevents the spread of lipid peroxidation and blocks ferroptosis. YL3147 exerts significant cardioprotective effects in mouse cardiomyopathy models. YL3147 can be used in studies related to cardiomyopathy.
    YL3147
  • HY-N4161
    Euparin
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Euparin, a monomeric compound of Benzofuran, is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. Euparin shows antiviral activity against poliovirus, and also has antidepressant effects.
    Euparin
  • HY-N2902
    Artocarpin
    		Inducer
    Artocarpin is an orally active apoptosis inducer. Artocarpin targets NF-κB, Erk1/2, p38 MAPK, AktS473, p53, Akt 1 kinase and Akt 2 kinase. Artocarpin induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mediates p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptotic signaling pathways, induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest, and triggers autophagic cell death. Artocarpin exerts cytotoxic and bactericidal effects on cancer cells, reduces bacterial load, and exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-angiogenic activities.
    Artocarpin
  • HY-159928
    Neuroprotective agent 8
    		Inhibitor
    Neuroprotective agent 8 (compound AA-9) is an oral active neuroprotective agent by anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation. Neuroprotective agent 8 activates PGC-1α and inhibits NLRP3 in the rat MCAO ischemic stroke model.
    Neuroprotective agent 8
  • HY-183312
    Antitumor agent-217
    		Activator
    Antitumor agent-217 is a dual mitochondria-targeted anticancer agent. Antitumor agent-217 exhibits potent and selective antiproliferative activity against bladder cancer cell line J82 (IC50 = 6.3 μM), and inhibits colony formation and migration of J82 cells. Antitumor agent-217 accumulates in mitochondria, alters mitochondrial morphology, reduces ATP production, increases ROS generation and decreases mitochondrial membrane potential. Antitumor agent-217 induces apoptosis (Apoptosis) and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis) in bladder cancer cells. Antitumor agent-217 can be used for the research of bladder cancer.
    Antitumor agent-217
  • HY-182241
    JR4-187
    		Activator
    JR4-187 is an orally active, copper-dependent anticancer agent. JR4-187 downregulates genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, MYC targets and E2F targets in cancer cells, while upregulates genes involved in the TNF-α signaling pathway, p53 pathway and KRAS signaling pathway, and downregulates CTR1 protein. JR4-187 induces ROS production, apoptosis, copper-dependent cytotoxicity, and exhibits selective cytotoxicity against KRAS-mutant cancer cells. JR4-187 is well tolerated in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. JR4-187 can be used in research related to cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colon cancer and rectal cancer.
    JR4-187
  • HY-176725
    ZnPcPs
    		Inducer
    ZnPcPs is a photosensitizer that generates ROS. ZnPcPs can be used to synthesize the photo-activated BRD4 degrader pZnPc-O3-JQ1 (HY-176724).
    ZnPcPs
  • HY-169416
    Anti-MRSA agent 21
    Anti-MRSA agent 21 (Compound 27) has antibacterial activity against MRSA, with an MIC of 1 μM. Anti-MRSA agent 21 can damage bacterial cell membranes and increase reactive oxygen species.
    Anti-MRSA agent 21
  • HY-N15190
    Sesaminol
    		Inhibitor
    Sesaminol is an orally active activator for Nrf2-ARE pathway, that promotes the the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and enhances the NQO1 expression, thereby enhances the cell's defense against oxidative stress. Sesaminol inhibits 6-OHDA (HY-B1081)-induced ROS production and apoptosis in cell SH-SY5Y. Sesaminol exhibits neuroprotective efficacy against Rotenone (HY-B1756)-induced Parkinson's disease.
    Sesaminol
  • HY-119340
    Mitoflaxone
    Mitoflaxone (flavoneacetic acid) is a synthetic flavonoid compound with vascular targeting properties. Mitoflaxone exerts anti-proliferative effects on endothelial cells through a superoxide-dependent mechanism, this effect leads to changes in the permeability of tumor blood vessels, thereby exerting anti-tumor effects[1][2].
    Mitoflaxone
  • HY-169292
    Antitumor agent-188
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-188 (compound C6) exerts α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antitumor effects.Antitumor agent-188 induces excessive production of ROS to trigger oxidative stress.
    Antitumor agent-188
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity