IL-6
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates immune response, acute inflammation, tissue regeneration, metabolism, and stromal activation[1][2]. Mechanistically, IL-6 binds IL-6Rα and recruits gp130, activating JAK/STAT3 signaling and downstream transcriptional programs[1][3]. Disease relevance depends strongly on receptor context: membrane IL-6Rα supports classic signaling, whereas soluble IL-6Rα enables trans-signaling in gp130-expressing cells and drives pro-inflammatory activity[1][4]. Compared with these receptor forms, gp130 is broadly expressed, while IL-6R expression is restricted to selected cells such as hepatocytes and leukocytes, explaining cell-type-selective responsiveness[1]. In vascular endothelial cells, IL-6 trans-signaling induces MCP-1 through coordinated JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT activation[5]. In proliferative vitreoretinopathy models, IL-6 promotes retinal pigment epithelial proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through JAK1/STAT3 signaling[6]. For experimental intervention, tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6R antibody, blocks IL-6 signaling and improves rheumatoid arthritis outcomes in controlled clinical studies[7][8].
References:
- [1]. Rose-John S. IL-6 trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor: importance for the pro-inflammatory activities of IL-6. Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(9):1237-47. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.4989. Epub 2012 Oct 24. PMID: 23136552; PMCID: PMC3491447. et al. IL-6 trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor: importance for the pro-inflammatory activities of IL-6. Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(9):1237-47. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Danese S, et al. Interleukin-6: a therapeutic Jekyll and Hyde in gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases. Gut. 2010 Feb;59(2):149-51. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Reeh H, et al. Response to IL-6 trans- and IL-6 classic signalling is determined by the ratio of the IL-6 receptor α to gp130 expression: fusing experimental insights and dynamic modelling. Cell Commun Signal. 2019 May 17;17(1):46. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Maes M, et al. Targeting classical IL-6 signalling or IL-6 trans-signalling in depression? Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2014 May;18(5):495-512. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Zegeye MM, et al. Activation of the JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways are crucial for IL-6 trans-signaling-mediated pro-inflammatory response in human vascular endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal. 2018 Sep 5;16(1):55. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Chen X, et al. Interleukin-6 promotes proliferative vitreoretinopathy by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Vis. 2020 Jul 29;26:517-529. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Ohsugi Y, et al. The recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab, an innovative drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008 May;8(5):669-81. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Emery P, et al. IL-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab improves treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals: results from a 24-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Nov;67(11):1516-23. [Content Brief]
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IL-6 Proteins
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IL-6 Related Products (506)
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Recombinant Proteins (24)
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BMS-195614
0 ImagesSynonyms: BMS 614BMS-195614 (BMS 614) is an orally active neutral RARα-selective antagonist with a Ki of 2.5 nM. BMS-195614 restores the expression of Bcl2. BMS-195614 inhibits the transactivation of NF-κB, AP-1 and PPAR. BMS-195614 downregulates the expression of IL-6 and VEGF. BMS-195614 reduces blue light-induced phototoxicity and inhibits cell migration. BMS-195614 modulates inflammation and angiogenesis.
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γ-Glu-Tyr
0 Imagesγ-Glu-Tyr is an orally active gut microbiota-derived metabolite and a competitive DPP-IV inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.77 mM against hDPP-IV. γ-Glu-Tyr weakly activates hCaSR. γ-Glu-Tyr decreases colonic pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) levels. γ-Glu-Tyr activates the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and inhibits NF-κB phosphorylation, thereby reducing inflammatory responses. γ-Glu-Tyr can be used for research on type 2 diabetes and ulcerative colitis.
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5-Methoxy-DL-tryptophan
0 ImagesSynonyms: DL-5-MTP5-Methoxy-DL-tryptophan is a metabolite. 5-Methoxy-DL-tryptophan reduces LPS (HY-D1056)-induced release of IL-6. 5-Methoxy-DL-tryptophan has anti-inflammatory effects. 5-Methoxy-DL-tryptophan can be used in the study of atherosclerosis.
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L6H21
0 ImagesL6H21, a Chalcone (HY-121054) derivative, is an orally active, potent and specific myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2) inhibitor. L6H21 directly binds to MD-2 protein with a high affinity and low KD value of 33.3 μM, blocking the formation of the LPS-TLR4/MD-2 complex. L6H21 inhibits LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values of 6.58 and 8.59 μM, respectively. L6H21 can be used for alcoholic liver disease, metabolic disturbance and neuroinflammation research.
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Tetramethyluric acid
0 ImagesSynonyms: 1,3,7,9-Tetramethyluric acid; TheacrineTetramethyluric acid (1,3,7,9-Tetramethyluric acid) is an orally active purine alkaloid in Coffea species and Camellia kucha. Tetramethyluric acid exhibits antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity. Tetramethyluric acid can be used for the research of inflammation disease, and influenza virus infection.
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Geranial
0 ImagesSynonyms: (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienalGeranial is an aromatic compound. It can be isolated from the fruits of Litsea cubeba Lour and the rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Geranial inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/3 and IκB in macrophages. It suppresses the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the expression of pro-IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. Geranial increases ROS. It can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases.
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4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
0 ImagesSynonyms: P-Methoxy-benzyl alcoho; (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol (P-Methoxy-benzyl alcoho; (4-Methoxyphenyl) methanol) is a naturally derived volatile aromatic compound. 4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol upregulates the phosphorylation level of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins, downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, increases the content of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-5, and alleviates structural damage to the blood-brain barrier. 4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol improves the decrease in viability and NO level of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, and reduces the release of lactate dehydrogenase. 4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol serves as a substrate in the two-phase persulfate-mediated electro-oxidation system, where it is directionally oxidized to p-anisaldehyde. 4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol acts as a substrate for wild-type fungal aryl alcohol oxidase. 4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol can be used in studies related to ischemic stroke, as well as in research across various fields such as chemical synthesis, including the synthesis of fragrances and flavorings.
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Anti-Mouse Galectin-9 Antibody (RG9-1)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P990242Anti-Mouse Galectin-9 Antibody (RG9-1) is an anti-mouse Galectin-9 IgG2b monoclonal antibody. Anti-Mouse Galectin-9 Antibody (RG9-1) promotes inflammatory response by enhancing the secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6. Anti-Mouse Galectin-9 Antibody (RG9-1) can increase CD8 T cell and Treg frequency. Anti-Mouse Galectin-9 Antibody (RG9-1) reduces graft survival time by increasing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration. Anti-Mouse Galectin-9 Antibody (RG9-1) can be used for researches on inflammation conditions, cancer and xenotransplantation such as ischemia-reperfusion, colon cancer, breast cancer and leukemia.
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Vamikibart
0 ImagesSynonyms: EBI-031Vamikibart (EBI-031) is a humanized IgG2κ monoclonal antibody targeting IL-6, with high binding affinity for IL-6 and the IL-6/IL-6R complex. Vamikibart reduces central retinal thickness, resolves intraretinal and subretinal foveal fluid, and decreases the levels of intraocular inflammatory markers. Vamikibart can be used in studies of uveitic macular edema (UME) secondary to non-infectious uveitis.
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Tribuloside
0 ImagesTribuloside is a flavonoid and PDE4 inhibitor (IC50: 6 μM). Tribuloside exhibits antibacterial and antioxidant activities, capable of scavenging DPPH free radicals. Tribuloside also promotes melanogenesis. Tribuloside can be used in the research of hypopigmentary diseases, sun protection, and inflammatory diseases such as acute lung injury.
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NecroX-7
0 ImagesNecroX-7 is a potent free radical scavenger and a HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) inhibitor. NecroX-7 can be used as an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity. NecroX-7 exerts a protective effect by preventing the release of HMGB1 in ischemia/reperfusion injury. NecroX-7 inhibits the HMGB1-induced release of TNF and IL-6, as well as the expression of TLR-4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products. NecroX-7 can be used graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) research.
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House Dust Mite Extract, from D.farinae
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-NP159House Dust Mite Extract, from D.farinae is a house dust mite allergen extract derived from Dermatophagoides farinae. House Dust Mite Extract, from D.farinae significantly increases the levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. House Dust Mite Extract, from D.farinae upregulates the overexpression of MUC5AC. House Dust Mite Extract, from D.farinae induces allergic asthma and pulmonary inflammation.
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Gypenoside A
0 ImagesGypenoside A is an orally active triterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside A has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Gypenoside A also has a certain protective effect on cardiomyocytes and can inhibit apoptosis. Gypenoside A can be used in the research of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation-related diseases.
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Fusidic acid sodium salt
0 ImagesFusidic acid sodium salt is an orally available antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by preventing the release of translation elongation factor G (EF-G) from ribosomes. Fusidic acid sodium salt inhibits the inhibitory and activating effects of interleukins IL-1 and IL-6 on glucose-induced insulin production and exhibits antidiabetic effects in a rat model. Fusidic acid sodium salt improves the symptoms of colitis in rats and inhibits the growth of Toxoplasma gondii and Listeria monocytogenes EGD in vitro, but not in mice.
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[10]-Shogaol
![[10]-Shogaol](https://file.medchemexpress.com/product_pic/hy-n2434.gif "Click to View [10]-Shogaol Product Detail")
0 Images[10]-Shogaol is an orally active antioxidant. [10]-Shogaol can be extracted from ginger (Zingiber officinale). [10]-Shogaol1 inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 value of 7.5 μM. [10]-Shogaol inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6). [10]-Shogaol inhibits NF-κB phosphorylation. [10]-Shogaol has anti-inflammatory effects. [10]-Shogaol has anticancer effects against Docetaxel (HY-B0011)-resistant prostate cancer. [10]-Shogaol exhibits larvicidal activity against L5 larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
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GSK699
0 ImagesGSK699 is a KAT2A/B/PCAF/GCN5 PROTAC degrader. GSK699 induces proteasome-dependent degradation of KAT2A, KAT2B, PCAF and GCN5, regulates the histone acetyltransferase activity of the SAGA complex, and reduces the level of histone H3K9ac. GSK699 inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia and small cell lung cancer cells. GSK699 reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and impairs LPS-stimulated immune cell responses. GSK699 is applicable to research related to acute myeloid leukemia, small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma and inflammatory diseases.
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ML345
0 ImagesML345 is a potent and selective inhibitor of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and NLRP3, with an IC50 of 188 nM against IDE. ML345 targets the Cys819 residue of IDE to inhibit IDE. ML345 selectively binds to NLRP3 in a non-covalent manner. ML345 inhibits inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity. ML345 exerts a protective effect against miscarriage.
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Clazakizumab
0 ImagesSynonyms: ALD-518; BMS-945429Clazakizumab (ALD-518; BMS-945429) is a monoclonal antibody inhibitor targeting IL-6 that binds to and blocks IL-6-mediated signaling (including trans-signaling), reducing STAT3 phosphorylation, innate immune cell infiltration, endothelial activation, and complement activation, thereby protecting the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Clazakizumab can be used in research on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and obesity-related hypercoagulability.
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Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide
0 ImagesSynonyms: Oroxyloside; Oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucuronideOroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (oroxyloside) is an orally active flavonoid glucuronide and metabolite of Oroxylin A (HY-N0560). Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide can be extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis. Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide exhibits prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide inhibits the JNK pathway, upregulates PPARγ, and inhibits NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide reduces cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6) production. Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide exhibits anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor (glioma, liver cancer), anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities.
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TREM-1 inhibitory peptide GF9
0 ImagesSynonyms: Human TREM-1(213-221)TREM-1 inhibitory peptide GF9 (Human TREM-1 (213-221)) is a TREM-1 inhibitor. TREM-1 inhibitory peptide GF9 blocks the TREM-1 signaling pathway via a ligand-independent mechanism, spontaneously inserts into the cell membrane to dissociate TREM-1 from DAP-12, and functions through the Signaling Chain Homooligomerization (SCHOOL) model. TREM-1 inhibitory peptide GF9 reduces the levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and M-CSF. TREM-1 inhibitory peptide GF9 inhibits tumor growth, prolongs the survival of mice with pancreatic cancer models, ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis, and exerts protective effects on bone and cartilage simultaneously. TREM-1 inhibitory peptide GF9 can be used in research related to arthritis, pancreatic cancer, retinopathy, alcoholic liver disease, and liver cancer.
