TBPH
Based on 1 Customer Validation
TBPH is a brominated flame retardant. TBPH enhances hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). TBPH induces dysregulation of phospholipid metabolism, reducing cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylserine (PS) levels. TBPH leads to impaired endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria (ER-Mito) contacts, subsequently causing mitochondrial dysfunction. TBPH induces lung injury through an inflammatory response mediated by mitochondria-derived ds-DNA. TBPH can be used to study the role of MFN2-mediated ER-mitochondria contacts in lipid metabolism homeostasis.
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- Pureza: 95.0%
- No. CAS: 26040-51-7
- Fòrmula: C24H34Br4O4
- Peso molecular:706.14
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Almacenamiento:
Store at room temperature 3 years.
In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Chemical Information
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Actividad biológica
TBPH (5-50 μM, 48 h) promotes NASH progression by disrupting MFN2-regulated ER-Mito contacts in NASH LOs model[1].
TBPH (0-20 μg/mL, 48 h) decreases cell proliferation ability, causes oxidative stress, increase lung tissue fibrosis, causes the release of ds-DNA from lung mitochondria, which activates c-GAS-STING in TC-1 and BEAS-2B cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:NASH LOs model
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Concentration:5 μM, 50 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Upregulated the transcriptional levels of oxidative stress-related genes (CYP2E1 and CYP1A2), fibrosis-related genes (COL3A1, COL4A1, LOXL2, TIMP1, VIM), and inflammation-related genes (TNF-α, IL-8).
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Cell Line:NASH LOs model
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Concentration:5 μM, 50 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Decreased colocalization of mitochondria (HSP60) and ER (GRP78), indicating reduced ER-Mito contacts.
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Cell Line:NASH LOs model
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Concentration:5 μM, 50 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Decreased MFN2 level, increased UPRmt markers (HSP60, SOD2) and ER stress markers (GRP78, ATF6).
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Cell Line:TC-1 and BEAS-2B cells
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Concentration:0 μg/mL, 0.2 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Inhibited the expression of CyclinD1 and promoted the phosphorylation of Rb, increased the expression levels of CDK2/4 and P53.
Increased the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, p-IκB and p-P65.
Up-regulated the expression of FN and α-SMA, Down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin.
TBPH (20-200 mg/kg, i.g., once a day, 4 weeks) does not alter liver morphology and does not change the hepatosomatic index, but impairs hepatocytic ER-Mito contacts, induces mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in normal diet (ND) mice model[1].
TBPH (0-100 μg/mL, i.g., once a day, 4 weeks) causes oxidative damage to lung cells and triggers inflammatory responses in lung cells and tissues in C57 mice[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:MCD diet-induced NASH mouse (Male C57BL/6, 8-9 weeks old, 22-25 g) model[1]
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Dosage:20 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg
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Administration:i.g., once a day, 4 weeks
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Result:Exacerbated hepatic pathology, increased the hepatosomatic index, enhanced lipid accumulation, decreased serum HDL and CHO levels, alongside elevated hepatic TG and serum LDL levels.
Augmented hepatic steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, enhanced fibrotic deposition, increased steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis and NASH scores, elevated serum levels of AST and ALT.
Reduced the abundance of cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), while increasing phosphatidic acid (PA) levels.
Disrupted lipid metabolism associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, altered the negative intrinsic curvature of membranes.
Reduced colocalization of ER and mitochondria in liver tissues, increased the physical distance between ER and mitochondria and reduced contact sites.
Caused a marked reduction in mitochondrial cristae, disrupted cristae junctions (CJs), and disorganization of cristae membranes in hepatocytes, reduced overall oxygen consumption and ATP content.
Increased HSP60, SOD2, mitochondrial proteases (LONP1, ClpP), GRP78, Atf6, eIF2α, and Chop levels, decreased the MFN2 protein level.
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Animal Model:ND mice (Male C57BL/6, 8-9 weeks old, 22-25 g) model[1]
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Dosage:20 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg
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Administration:i.g., once a day, 4 weeks
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Result:Did not significantly alter liver morphology, did not change the hepatosomatic index.
Affected C14:0 metabolism, fatty acids with 13-15 carbon chains, and mitochondrial metabolic processes, altered the negative intrinsic curvature of membranes.
Reduced colocalization of ER and mitochondria in liver tissues, increased the physical distance between ER and mitochondria and reduced contact sites.
Elevated the protein levels of mitochondrial chaperone HSP60, SOD2, GRP78, Atf6, eIF2α, and Chop, decreased the MFN2 protein level.
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Animal Model:C57 mice model[2]
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Dosage:0 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 30 μg/mL L, 60 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL
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Administration:i.g., once a day, 4 weeks
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Result:Induced capillary congestion in the alveolar wall and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.
Increased the expression levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-2, RANTES, p16, p21, P65, and p-IκB proteins, and decreased the expression level of cell proliferation marker (Ki67).
Up-regulated the expression of FN, α-SMA, and TGF-β, down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin, and increases the content of collagen fibers in the lungs.
Increased ROS and MDA levels, and decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT expression levels.
Chemical Information
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No. CAS 26040-51-7
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Appearance Liquid (Density: 1.529±0.06 g/cm3)
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Peso molecular 706.14
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Fòrmula C24H34Br4O4
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C(OCC(CC)CCCC)C1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1C(OCC(CC)CCCC)=O
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Envío
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Almacenamiento
Store at room temperature 3 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Solvente y solubilidad
DMSO : ≥ 175 mg/mL (247.83 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Pureza y Documentación
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Ficha de datos (286 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Instrucciones de manejo (2659 KB)
Referencias
[1]. Zhou Y, Li B, Zhao J, Ren X, Guo Y, Yang L, Han J, Wu L, Zhou B. Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-Tetrabromophthalate Promotes NASH Progression through Disrupting Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts. Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Jul 22;59(28):14302-14313. [Content Brief]
[2]. Xing B, et al. TBPH-induced lung injury is induced by mitochondrial-derived ds-DNA-mediated inflammatory response. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Nov 1;286:117200. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.4161 mL | 7.0807 mL | 14.1615 mL | 35.4037 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2832 mL | 1.4161 mL | 2.8323 mL | 7.0807 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1416 mL | 0.7081 mL | 1.4161 mL | 3.5404 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0944 mL | 0.4720 mL | 0.9441 mL | 2.3602 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0708 mL | 0.3540 mL | 0.7081 mL | 1.7702 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0566 mL | 0.2832 mL | 0.5665 mL | 1.4161 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0472 mL | 0.2360 mL | 0.4720 mL | 1.1801 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0354 mL | 0.1770 mL | 0.3540 mL | 0.8851 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0283 mL | 0.1416 mL | 0.2832 mL | 0.7081 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0236 mL | 0.1180 mL | 0.2360 mL | 0.5901 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0177 mL | 0.0885 mL | 0.1770 mL | 0.4425 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0142 mL | 0.0708 mL | 0.1416 mL | 0.3540 mL |
TBPH Related Classifications
HY-W018587 Related Classifications
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