Cat. No.: HY-W018587

TBPH

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TBPH is a brominated flame retardant. TBPH enhances hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). TBPH induces dysregulation of phospholipid metabolism, reducing cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylserine (PS) levels. TBPH leads to impaired endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria (ER-Mito) contacts, subsequently causing mitochondrial dysfunction. TBPH induces lung injury through an inflammatory response mediated by mitochondria-derived ds-DNA. TBPH can be used to study the role of MFN2-mediated ER-mitochondria contacts in lipid metabolism homeostasis.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 95.0%
CAS No.: 26040-51-7
Formula: C₂₄H₃₄Br₄O₄
Molecular Weight:706.14

Storage:

Store at room temperature 3 years.

In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

TBPH Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 26040-51-7

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All Cytochrome P450 Isoforms :

All TNF Receptor Isoforms :

All Interleukin Related Isoforms :

All HSP Isoforms :

In Vitro

TBPH (5-50 μM, 48 h) promotes NASH progression by disrupting MFN2-regulated ER-Mito contacts in NASH LOs model^[1].
TBPH (0-20 μg/mL, 48 h) decreases cell proliferation ability, causes oxidative stress, increase lung tissue fibrosis, causes the release of ds-DNA from lung mitochondria, which activates c-GAS-STING in TC-1 and BEAS-2B cells^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

RT-PCR^[1]

Cell Line:

NASH LOs model
Concentration:

5 μM, 50 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Upregulated the transcriptional levels of oxidative stress-related genes (CYP2E1 and CYP1A2), fibrosis-related genes (COL3A1, COL4A1, LOXL2, TIMP1, VIM), and inflammation-related genes (TNF-α, IL-8).

Immunofluorescence^[1]

Cell Line:

NASH LOs model
Concentration:

5 μM, 50 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Decreased colocalization of mitochondria (HSP60) and ER (GRP78), indicating reduced ER-Mito contacts.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

NASH LOs model
Concentration:

5 μM, 50 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Decreased MFN2 level, increased UPRmt markers (HSP60, SOD2) and ER stress markers (GRP78, ATF6).

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

TC-1 and BEAS-2B cells
Concentration:

0 μg/mL, 0.2 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Inhibited the expression of CyclinD1 and promoted the phosphorylation of Rb, increased the expression levels of CDK2/4 and P53.
Increased the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, p-IκB and p-P65.
Up-regulated the expression of FN and α-SMA, Down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin.

In Vivo

TBPH (20-200 mg/kg, i.g., once a day, 4 weeks) enhances hepatic lipid accumulation and metabolic dysfunction, accelerates inflammatory responses and fibrotic progression, disrupts hepatic phospholipid homeostasis and hepatocytic ER-Mito contacts, induces mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, in the liver in methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH mouse model^[1].
TBPH (20-200 mg/kg, i.g., once a day, 4 weeks) does not alter liver morphology and does not change the hepatosomatic index, but impairs hepatocytic ER-Mito contacts, induces mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in normal diet (ND) mice model^[1].
TBPH (0-100 μg/mL, i.g., once a day, 4 weeks) causes oxidative damage to lung cells and triggers inflammatory responses in lung cells and tissues in C57 mice^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

MCD diet-induced NASH mouse (Male C57BL/6, 8-9 weeks old, 22-25 g) model^[1]
Dosage:

20 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg
Administration:

i.g., once a day, 4 weeks
Result:

Exacerbated hepatic pathology, increased the hepatosomatic index, enhanced lipid accumulation, decreased serum HDL and CHO levels, alongside elevated hepatic TG and serum LDL levels.
Augmented hepatic steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, enhanced fibrotic deposition, increased steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis and NASH scores, elevated serum levels of AST and ALT.
Reduced the abundance of cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), while increasing phosphatidic acid (PA) levels.
Disrupted lipid metabolism associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, altered the negative intrinsic curvature of membranes.
Reduced colocalization of ER and mitochondria in liver tissues, increased the physical distance between ER and mitochondria and reduced contact sites.
Caused a marked reduction in mitochondrial cristae, disrupted cristae junctions (CJs), and disorganization of cristae membranes in hepatocytes, reduced overall oxygen consumption and ATP content.
Increased HSP60, SOD2, mitochondrial proteases (LONP1, ClpP), GRP78, Atf6, eIF2α, and Chop levels, decreased the MFN2 protein level.

Animal Model:

ND mice (Male C57BL/6, 8-9 weeks old, 22-25 g) model^[1]
Dosage:

20 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg
Administration:

i.g., once a day, 4 weeks
Result:

Did not significantly alter liver morphology, did not change the hepatosomatic index.
Affected C14:0 metabolism, fatty acids with 13-15 carbon chains, and mitochondrial metabolic processes, altered the negative intrinsic curvature of membranes.
Reduced colocalization of ER and mitochondria in liver tissues, increased the physical distance between ER and mitochondria and reduced contact sites.
Elevated the protein levels of mitochondrial chaperone HSP60, SOD2, GRP78, Atf6, eIF2α, and Chop, decreased the MFN2 protein level.

Animal Model:

C57 mice model^[2]
Dosage:

0 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 30 μg/mL L, 60 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL
Administration:

i.g., once a day, 4 weeks
Result:

Induced capillary congestion in the alveolar wall and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.
Increased the expression levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-2, RANTES, p16, p21, P65, and p-IκB proteins, and decreased the expression level of cell proliferation marker (Ki67).
Up-regulated the expression of FN, α-SMA, and TGF-β, down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin, and increases the content of collagen fibers in the lungs.
Increased ROS and MDA levels, and decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT expression levels.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 26040-51-7
Appearance Liquid (Density: 1.529±0.06 g/cm³)
Molecular Weight 706.14
Formula C₂₄H₃₄Br₄O₄
Color Light yellow to yellow
SMILES

O=C(OCC(CC)CCCC)C1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1C(OCC(CC)CCCC)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 175 mg/mL (247.83 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.4161 mL

7.0807 mL

14.1615 mL

5 mM

0.2832 mL

1.4161 mL

2.8323 mL

10 mM

0.1416 mL

0.7081 mL

1.4161 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

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Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (7.08 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (286 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Zhou Y, Li B, Zhao J, Ren X, Guo Y, Yang L, Han J, Wu L, Zhou B. Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-Tetrabromophthalate Promotes NASH Progression through Disrupting Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts. Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Jul 22;59(28):14302-14313. [Content Brief]

[2]. Xing B, et al. TBPH-induced lung injury is induced by mitochondrial-derived ds-DNA-mediated inflammatory response. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Nov 1;286:117200. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	1.4161 mL	7.0807 mL	14.1615 mL	35.4037 mL
	5 mM	0.2832 mL	1.4161 mL	2.8323 mL	7.0807 mL
	10 mM	0.1416 mL	0.7081 mL	1.4161 mL	3.5404 mL
	15 mM	0.0944 mL	0.4720 mL	0.9441 mL	2.3602 mL
	20 mM	0.0708 mL	0.3540 mL	0.7081 mL	1.7702 mL
	25 mM	0.0566 mL	0.2832 mL	0.5665 mL	1.4161 mL
	30 mM	0.0472 mL	0.2360 mL	0.4720 mL	1.1801 mL
	40 mM	0.0354 mL	0.1770 mL	0.3540 mL	0.8851 mL
	50 mM	0.0283 mL	0.1416 mL	0.2832 mL	0.7081 mL
	60 mM	0.0236 mL	0.1180 mL	0.2360 mL	0.5901 mL
	80 mM	0.0177 mL	0.0885 mL	0.1770 mL	0.4425 mL
	100 mM	0.0142 mL	0.0708 mL	0.1416 mL	0.3540 mL

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TBPH

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

All Cytochrome P450 Isoforms

All TNF Receptor Isoforms

All Interleukin Related Isoforms

All HSP Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

TBPH Related Classifications

HY-W018587 Related Classifications