Interleukin Related Activator

Dexamethasone phosphate (Dexamethasone 21-phosphate) disodium is a prodrug form of the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (HY-14648). Dexamethasone phosphate disodium is produced by introducing a phosphate ester group at the 21-position of the Dexamethasone molecule, forming a salt with sodium ions, thereby significantly improving water solubility. Dexamethasone phosphate disodium inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced degradation of IRAK-1 and IRAK-4, and blocks LPS-induced activation of TRAF6, p-TAK1 and p-JNK. Dexamethasone phosphate disodium inhibits the secretion of RANTES, TGF-β1 and NO, promotes the production of MIP-1α and IL-10, and blocks microglial migration. Dexamethasone phosphate disodium is almost completely converted to Dexamethasone in rat blood, and supports transdermal delivery via iontophoresis. Dexamethasone phosphate disodium can be used in research related to steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis, chemotherapy-induced vomiting, allergic asthma and acute colitis (inflammatory bowel disease).

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), the major seed lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is a T-cell activator. Phytohemagglutinin stimulates human mononuclear leukocytes, inducing the expression of ChAT mRNA and potentiating ACh synthesis. Phytohemagglutinin induces dose- and time-dependent toxicity in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, alters cellular morphology, causes organelle dysfunction, and increases the expression of NF-κB, COX2, IL-1β.

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) is a relatively toxic bile salt generated in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid inhibits Autophagosome formation and impairs lysosomal function by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis and increasing lysosomal pH in human normal liver cells, leading to the Apoptosis of human hepatocyte cells. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid induces stemness and chemoresistance via activating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is promising for research in the field of cholestasis desease, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

DC-Y13-27 is a DC-Y13 derivative and YTHDF2 inhibitor (K_D: 37.9 μM). DC-Y13-27 inhibits YTHDF2, restores FOXO3 and TIMP1 protein levels, and reduces MMP1/3/7/9 expression. DC-Y13-27 induces Pyroptosis and increases IL-1β secretion. DC-Y13-27 reduces intervertebral disc degeneration and enhances the response to radiotherapy in colon cancer and melanoma. DC-Y13-27 has antitumor activity against breast cancer.

Sodium chloride, for cell culture is an orally active salt. Sodium chloride, for cell culture induces the expression of ATP1A1. Sodium chloride, for cell culture induces the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TNFα, IL-9 and several chemokines. Sodium chloride, for cell culture enhances the anti-tumor activities of Digoxin (HY-B1049) against small cell lung cancer. Sodium chloride, for cell culture drives autoimmune disease by the induction of pathogenic Th17 cells.

ODN 2216 is a type A CpG oligodeoxynucleotide vaccine adjuvant and a TLR9 agonist. ODN 2216 interacts with TLR9 in the lysosomes of CD4⁺ T cells and activates feedback-dependent signaling pathways. ODN 2216 induces the production of type I interferons, IL-6 and TGF-β via the IRAK4/IRF7 axis, while increasing intracellular ATP levels. ODN 2216 not only induces the differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells into anti-inflammatory Th3-like regulatory phenotypes to inhibit autologous proliferation, but also enhances the specific CD8⁺ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Mammaglobin-A in breast cancer cells. ODN 2216 is widely used in studies related to breast cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a metabolite of tryptophan, produced by intestinal microorganisms and combined with sulfate in the liver before entering the circulatory system. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a potent endogenous agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and a urinary toxin. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate can be used for research on kidney diseases.

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate triammonium is a type of isoprenoid metabolic intermediate, mainly synthesized through the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate triammonium is a key precursor in various biological synthesis processes, especially as a necessary substrate for post-translational modification of proteins - geranylgeranyl phosphorylation. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate triammonium regulates various cellular processes and disease progression through protein geranylgeranyl phosphorylation, such as activating the YAP signaling pathway, promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis; promoting IL-2 production and STAT5 phosphorylation; and influencing metabolic homeostasis and cancer, etc.

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a widely used organic phosphorus flame retardant, mainly used as a plasticizer. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate has orally active hepatotoxicity, inducing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) influx, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm), and causing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate directly binds to FXR, inducing obesity and the formation of fatty liver in mice. Chloroethyl) phosphate activates the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, triggering liver inflammation.

Mannan is an orally active polysaccharide compound that binds to the mannose receptor (MR). Mannan promotes bacterial uptake and endosomal degradation by binding to MR, thereby enhancing the production of IL-12 in immune cells. Mannan enhances ROS production. Mannan modulates immunity, inhibits Aflatoxin B₁ (HY-N6615)-induced toxicity, and reduces lipid.

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium glycochenodeoxycholate) is a relatively toxic bile salt generated in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt inhibits Autophagosome formation and impairs lysosomal function by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis and increasing lysosomal pH in human normal liver cells, leading to the Apoptosis of human hepatocyte cells. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt induces stemness and chemoresistance via activating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is promising for research in the field of cholestasis desease, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Inbakicept is a dimeric human IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15 Ra) sushi domain/human IgG1 Fc fusion protein and is an IL-15 superagonist complex. Inbakicept is able to form complex N-803 (Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept) with the IL-15 antibody Nogapendekin alfa in a 1:2 ratio. N-803 mimics the function of IL-15 and amplifies anti-CD20 mAb-mediated NK cell responses and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). N-803 also increases degranulation and IFNγ production in cells.

IRBP (651-670) human, mouse is an epitope and uveitis inducer naturally processed from the conserved region of native IRBP. IRBP (651-670) human, mouse increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in ocular tissues (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-17A and IL-17F). IRBP (651-670) human, mouse is a IRBP fragment conserved among human, mouse and bovine species. IRBP (651-670) human, mouse induces experimental autoimmune uveitis. IRBP (651-670) human, mouse is applicable to research related to experimental autoimmune uveitis.

Alendronate acid is an orally active bisphosphonate which binds to bone surfaces and inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts. Alendronate acid induces skeletal alterations in the chicken embryonic development model. Alendronate acid can be used for osteoporosis research.

Muromonab (Muromonab-CD3; OKT3) is a mouse monoclonal antibody targeting the CD3 antigen. Muromonab specifically binds to the CD3 antigen on the surface of human and higher primate T cells. Muromonab blocks the function of T cell receptors to recognize foreign antigens and inhibits T cell-mediated immune responses, including cell-mediated lymphocyte lysis and T cell proliferation responses. Muromonab can be used to study acute kidney, liver, heart and combined kidney-pancreas transplant rejection, and can also be used to study graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant patients.

LEAP-2 (Human liver expressed antimicrobial peptide-2) is a GHS-R1a antagonist, with an IC₅₀ of 6.0 nM. LEAP-2 suppresses the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. LEAP-2 attenuates ghrelin-induced growth hormone (GH) release and reduces basal food intake. LEAP-2 exhibits antimicrobial activity against microbial model organisms. LEAP-2 can be used for the study of obesity and infection.

Alendronate sodium is an orally active bisphosphonate which binds to bone surfaces and inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts. Alendronate sodium induces skeletal alterations in the chicken embryonic development model. Alendronate sodium can be used for osteoporosis research.

pJAK2(1001-1013) is a cell-penetrating peptide that corresponds to the activation loop of JAK2 tyrosine kinase and functions as a SOCS1/3antagonist. pJAK2 (1001-1013) blocks SOCS1-mediated negative regulation of immune function, and enhances the biological activity of cytokines such as IFNγ and IL6. pJAK2(1001-1013) inhibits the replication of a broad range of viruses and exerts dose-dependent protective efficacy against lethal viral infections. pJAK2(1001-1013) can be used for the study of immune regulation and infection.

Ivuxolimab is a fully human IgG2 agonist targeting OX40 (CD134), which selectively binds to the OX40 receptor on the surface of activated CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells without inducing antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Ivuxolimab can promote T cell proliferation, survival and cytokine (such as IFN-γ, IL-2) secretion, inhibit regulatory T cell function, and enhance anti-tumor immune response. Ivuxolimab can be used in the study of melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, etc.

Subtilisin (EC 3.4.21.14) is a bacterial serine protease. Subtilisin induces Apoptosis. Subtilisin stimulates the expression of pro-allergic cytokines (IL-1α, IL-33). Subtilisin induces prototypic allergic lung inflammation. Subtilisin exhibits anticancer activity against breast and colon cancer. Subtilisin shows antifouling activity. Subtilisin can be used as a detergent additive.