2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0353
    Curdione
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Curdione ((+)-Curdione) is an orally active sesquiterpenoid. Curdione inhibits platelet aggregation. Curdione induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer via m6A methylation mediated by METTL14 and YTHDF2. Curdione inhibits ferroptosis in Isoproterenol (HY-B0468)-induced myocardial infarction by regulating the Keap1/Trx1/GPX4 signaling pathway, suppressing oxidative stress (ROS) and apoptosis. Curdione ameliorates Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress (ROS) and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Curdione ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting platelet-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Curdione ameliorates Bleomycin (HY-17565A)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Curdione exhibits neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Curdione exerts antiproliferative effects against human uterine leiomyosarcoma by targeting IDO1. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis by regulating DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation. Curdione inhibits inducible prostaglandin E2 production (IC50 = 1.1 μM) and cyclooxygenase 2 expression.
    Curdione
  • HY-W040143
    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein
    		99.22%
    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein is an important fluorescent product in the detection of oxidative stress and can be used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex=503 nm and Em=523 nm).
    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein
  • HY-130413
    Protectin D1
    		Inhibitor 99.10%
    Protectin D1, a neuroprotectin D1 produced by neuronal cells, is a member of a newly discovered family of bioactive products derived from docosahexaenoic acid. Protectin D1 also serves as a specialized pro-resolving mediator, exhibiting effective in vivo pro-resolving activity in various human disease models. Additionally, Protectin D1 is an inhibitor of NALP3 inflammasomes and regulates the PI3K/AKT and HIF-1α signaling pathways. Protectin D1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting the expression of NALP3, ASC, and Caspase-1, and consequently decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, Protectin D1 enhances miRNA-210 expression, activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and exerts cardioprotective effects. Protectin D1 holds promise for research in cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory disorders.
    Protectin D1
  • HY-148226
    20-5,14-HEDGE
    		Activator 99.28%
    20-5,14-HEDGE is a 20-HETE analog. 20-5,14-HEDGE induces cell death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). 20-5,14-HEDGE enhances ROS production and reduces hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR)-induced apoptosis in ex vivo rat lung slices. 20-5,14-HEDGE protects against lung ischemic reperfusion injury in rats. 20-5,14-HEDGE can be used for the study of pulmonary vascular signaling and lung injury-related research.
    20-5,14-HEDGE
  • HY-N7922
    Urolithin M5
    		Inhibitor
    Urolithin M5 (Decarboxyellagic acid) is an orally active influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor and neuroprotective agent, with IC50 values of 174.8 μM (HK68), 191.5 μM (pdm09), 243.2 μM (WSN) and 257.1 μM (PR8) against four influenza virus neuraminidases, respectively. Urolithin M5 inhibits viral neuraminidase activity, thereby blocking influenza virus replication (including oseltamivir (HY-13317)-resistant strains), protecting infected mammals from death and improving pulmonary edema. Urolithin M5 forms a hydrogen-bond stabilized complex with IGF1R, and binds to MAPK14, AKT1, NFKB1 and EGFR. Urolithin M5 reduces reactive oxygen species production, inhibits neuronal apoptosis, restores mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and promotes neurite outgrowth of damaged neuronal cells. Urolithin M5 can be used in research related to influenza virus infection and Alzheimer's disease.
    Urolithin M5
  • HY-B1066
    Butylhydroxyanisole
    		99.93%
    Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development. Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer.
    Butylhydroxyanisole
  • HY-153591
    ROS-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.14%
    ROS-IN-1 is a mitochondrial ROS inhibitor. ROS-IN-1 can reduce oxidative stress or inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
    ROS-IN-1
  • HY-N0515
    Ophiopogonin D
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Ophiopogonin D can be isolated from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus, is a rare naturally occurring C29 steroidal glycoside. Ophiopogonin D is a CYP2J3 inducer that significantly inhibits Ang II induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκBα down-regulation, intracellular Ca2+ overload and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by increasing the expression of CYP2J2/EETs and PPARα in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ophiopogonin D can inhibit isteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Ophiopogonin D has protective effect as an antioxidant in H2O2-induced endothelial injury. Ophiopogonin D blocks ERK signaling cascades. Ophiopogonin D alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and changes the structure of gut microbiota in mice. Ophiopogonin D has been used against inflammatory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
    Ophiopogonin D
  • HY-N6018
    β-Eudesmol
    		Activator 99.49%
    β-Eudesmol has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Beta-Eudesmol can induce apoptosis. β-Eudesmol is a neostigmine antagonist. β-Eudesmol can antagonize neostigmine-induced neuromuscular failure. β-Eudesmoll can be used in the study of sepsis diseases. β-Eudesmol is a sesquiterpene-like compound that can be extracted from the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea.
    β-Eudesmol
  • HY-N0408
    Picroside II
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Picroside II is an antioxidant with oral activity that can reduce the production of ROS and protect the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after CI/R injury, offering neuroprotective effects. Picroside II has antioxidant, immune-regulating, antiviral properties, and inhibits apoptosis. Picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways.
    Picroside II
  • HY-N4187
    Licochalcone D
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Licochalcone D, a flavonoid compound mainly existing in the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of NF-kappaB (NF-κB) p65. Licochalcone D possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties.
    Licochalcone D
  • HY-Y0481A
    Tin(II) chloride dihydrate
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (Stannous chloride dihydrate) is a biochemical reagent with genotoxicity, mutagenicity, mitotic recombinogenicity, and reactive oxygen species-inducing activity.
    Tin(II) chloride dihydrate
  • HY-W016409
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
    		Activator 99.96%
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascular permeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema.
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
  • HY-19204
    Zinc phthalocyanine
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) is commonly applied in industry (catalysts, photoconductors) and biomedical (photodynamic therapy, PDT). Zinc phthalocyanine can be used to photooxidise cyclohexane and is promising for research of solar-cell applications.
    Zinc phthalocyanine
  • HY-P99139
    Anti-Mouse IL-1b Antibody (B122)
    		Activator 99%
    Anti-Mouse IL-1b Antibody (B122) is an anti-mouse IL-1b IgG monoclonal antibody. Anti-Mouse IL-1b Antibody (B122) enhances ferroptosis and increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) combined with Sulfasalazine (SAS) (HY-14655). Anti-Mouse IL-1b Antibody (B122) can reduce monocyte infiltration and alleviate T cell exhaustion by blocking IL-1β signaling. Anti-Mouse IL-1b Antibody (B122) can be used for researches on cancer and cardiovascular conditions such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), glioblastoma (GBM) and heart failure.
    Anti-Mouse IL-1b Antibody (B122)
  • HY-100807R
    Quinolinic acid (Standard)
    		Activator
    Quinolinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quinolinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis.
    Quinolinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N5063
    Plantainoside D
    		Inhibitor 99.15%
    Plantainoside D, a phenylethanoid glycosides, is a IKK-β inhibitor with diverse biological activities. Plantainoside D shows inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with an IC50 of 2.17 mM. Plantainoside D significantly reduces the release of glutamate from nerve terminals in the cerebral cortex of rats by inhibiting the voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCCs) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling cascade. Plantainoside D significantly alleviates cell apoptosis by inhibiting the generation of ROS and the activation of NF-κB. Plantainoside D significantly improves acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis by regulating the Sirt3/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Plantainoside D can be used for the study of neuroprotection, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antihypertension.
    Plantainoside D
  • HY-W014901
    Bisphenol F
    		Activator 99.93%
    Bisphenol F is an orally active endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol F promotes ROS generation, upregulates p-AKT/p-GSK3β, and induces Apoptosis. Bisphenol F interferes with glucose metabolism, affects neurodevelopment and reproductive function. Bisphenol F reduces social novelty preference in mouse offspring. Bisphenol F can be used in bone, blood, and fat-related studies. Bisphenol F is used as a substitute for Bisphenol A (HY-18260).
    Bisphenol F
  • HY-122984
    Diquat dibromide
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Diquat dibromide is a comprehensive herbicide. Diquat dibromide increases the production of ROS and triggers mitochondrial Autophagy. Diquat dibromide generates free radicals such as superoxide anions through redox cycles, which induce oxidative stress. Diquat dibromide is cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic. Diquat dibromide is used in cotton, soybean, and other crops to combat noxious weeds.
    Diquat dibromide
  • HY-D1157
    HKPerox-2
    		99.79%
    HKPerox-2 is a highly sensitive green fluorescent probe for the specific detection of H2O2 in living cells with a maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 520 nm and 543 nm, respectively.
    HKPerox-2
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity