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M2/M1 macrophage ratio

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

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By Research Areas:	Cancer (533) Cardiovascular Disease (134) Endocrinology (40) Infection (296) Inflammation/Immunology (809) Metabolic Disease (165) Neurological Disease (190)
Click Chemistry:	Azide (3) Alkynes (4)
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1592

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Fluorescent Dyes

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

MCE Kits

Inhibitory Antibodies

379

Natural
Products

106

Recombinant Proteins

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Antibodies

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GMP Molecules

Targets Recommended: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-Y0520

Itaconic acid 2 Publications Verification Methylenesuccinic acid	Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. Itaconic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effect .

HY-125527

Resolvin D1 1 Publications Verification RvD1	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Resolvin D1 (RvD1), an endogenous pro-resolving mediator of inflammation, is derived from omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid during the resolution phase of acute inflammation. Resolvin D1 blocks proinflammatory neutrophil migration by regulating actin polymerization, reduces TNF-α–mediated inflammation in macrophages, and enhances phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages .

HY-N0577

Apiin 1 Publications Verification Apigenin 7-O-apiosylglucoside; Apigenin 7-(2-O-apiosylglucoside)	NO Synthase	Inflammation/Immunology
Apiin is a flavonoid glycoside-based iNOS inhibitor. Apiin inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages. Apiin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-136979

RBN012759 10+ Cited Publications	PARP	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
RBN012759 is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of PARP14, with an IC₅₀ of <3 nM. RBN012759 displays 300-fold selectivity over the monoPARPs and 1000-fold selectivity over the polyPARPs. RBN012759 decreases pro-tumor macrophage function and elicits inflammatory responses in tumor explants .

HY-128525

Enterobactin	Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Enterobactin is a siderophore produced by Gram-negative bacteria and has an extremely high affinity for iron. During the process of Salmonella typhimurium infecting macrophages, Enterobactin can not only help bacteria uptake iron but also reduce the antibacterial activity of macrophages. In addition, Enterobactin is also involved in the oxidative stress response of Escherichia coli. Enterobactin can be hydrolyzed by Fes in the cell and exert antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals .

HY-P4855

CRAMP (mouse) 1 Publications Verification	Bacterial TNF Receptor	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
CRAMP (mouse) is an antibacterial peptide and a functional homolog of LL-37 . CRAMP (mouse) exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria . The complex formed by CRAMP (mouse) and CpG can activate macrophages to secrete TNF-α . CRAMP (mouse) plays a key role in wound healing, immune regulation and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis .

HY-152830

Adrixetinib Q702	c-Fms TAM Receptor MHC	Cancer
Adrixetinib (Q702) is an orally active triple inhibitor against CSF1R, Mer, and Axl, with K_d values of 8.7 nM, 0.8 nM, and 0.3 nM, respectively. Adrixetinib acts as a potent immune modulator that remodels the tumor microenvironment. Adrixetinib increases the abundance of M1 macrophages and CD8⁺ T cells, while decreasing the levels of M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Adrixetinib upregulates the expression of MHC class I and E-cadherin in tumor cells. Adrixetinib shows remarkable antitumor efficacy in syngeneic mouse tumor models. Adrixetinib is suitable for the research of breast cancer, renal adenocarcinoma, colon carcinoma, and melanoma .

HY-161949

AP-6 1 Publications Verification	Potassium Channel	Neurological Disease
AP-6 is a selective inhibitor of TMEM175 with activity in modulating lysosomal function. Acute inhibition of TMEM175 by AP-6 increases lysosomal macromolecular catabolism, thereby accelerating macrophage and other digestive processes. AP-6 may be used in Parkinson's disease research .

HY-P990045

Lixudebart ALE.F02	Claudin	Endocrinology
Lixudebart (ALE.F02) is a humanized immunoglobulin G1-kappa, anti-CLDN1 monoclonal antibody. Lixudebart disrupts CLDN1 interactions with CD44 and MMP14, reduces renal macrophage infiltration, epithelial activation, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and attenuates glomerulosclerosis. Lixudebart can be used for the research of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis .

HY-148591

GSK761	Epigenetic Reader Domain	Inflammation/Immunology
GSK761 is a selective inhibitor of speckled 140 kDa (SP140) with an IC₅₀ value of 77.79 nM. GSK761 reduces monocyte-to-inflammatory macrophage differentiation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory activation. GSK761 induces the production of CD206 ⁺ regulatory macrophages by inhibiting SP140 .

HY-P99273

Vorsetuzumab	TNF Receptor	Cancer
Vorsetuzumab (Anti-Human CD70 Recombinant Antibody) is a human anti-CD70 antibody. Vorsetuzumab enhances macrophage-related phagocytosis of renal carcinoma cells, shows inhibitory efficacy against Burkitt’s lymphoma .

HY-P990651

PY314	TREM receptor	Cancer
PY314 is a humanized antibody targeting TREM2. PY314 binds TREM2 on tumor-associated macrophages, depletes TREM2-high tumor-associated macrophages, reduces pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophage infiltration, increases CD8 ⁺ T cell, NK cell, and M1 macrophage infiltration, creates a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment, and promotes antitumor immune responseS. PY314 can be used for the research of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, advanced solid tumors, breast cancer, and advanced refractory solid tumors .

HY-148117

MD13	PROTACs Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)	Cancer
MD13 is a macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-directed PROTAC with a K_i of 71 nM. MD13 can be used for cancer research .

HY-P99136

Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) 1 Publications Verification	IFNAR	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) is an anti-mouse IFN gamma IgG antibody inhibitor derived from host Armenian Hamster. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) abrogates specific binding of ^I25II-rIFN-γ to macrophages. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) inhibits macrophage-activating factor (MAF) (ID₅₀ = 56 ng). Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) inhibits IFN-gamma dependent antiviral activity (ID₅₀ = 2 ng). Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) neutralizes IFNγ in mice. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) can be used for the researches of inflammation and infection, such as arthritis .

HY-176293

EP2 receptor antagonist-3	Prostaglandin Receptor Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
EP2 receptor antagonist-3 is a selective EP2 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀: 8 nM in hEP2 SPA assay, 50 nM in hEP2 cAMP assay). EP2 receptor antagonist-3 increases the macrophage-mediated clearance of Amyloid-β plaques. EP2 receptor antagonist-3 can be used for the study of alzheimer’s diseases .

HY-156174

E104	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ADC Payload	Cancer
E104 (compound 1) is a potent and selective TLR7 agonist. E104 can be delivered by antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology to elicit potent anticancer activity. E104 induces the activation of mouse macrophages and hPBMCs .

HY-P99704

Licaminlimab OCS-02	TNF Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
Licaminlimab (OCS-02) is a single-chain anti-TNF alpha antibody fragment. TNF alpha is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and monocytes during inflammation .

HY-113481

Prostaglandin E3	Transmembrane Glycoprotein COX PKA Prostaglandin Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Prostaglandin E3 is an eicosanoid derived from eicosapentaenoic acid. Prostaglandin E3 inhibits polarization towards M1 but promotes polarization of M2a macrophages. Prostaglandin E3 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity .

HY-125531

Dactylorhin A	Others	Others
Dactylorhin A, a succinate derivative ester, is isolated from rhizomes of Gymnadenia conopsea. Dactylorhin A exhibits moderate inhibitory effects on NO production effects in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells .

HY-135517

RXP470.1 RXP-470	MMP	Cardiovascular Disease
RXP470.1 (RXP-470) is a potent, selective MMP-12 inhibitor with a K_i of 0.2 nM against human MMP-12. RXP470.1 is 2 to 4 orders of magnitude less potent against other MMPs. RXP470.1 significantly reduces atherosclerotic plaque cross-sectional area in mouse. RXP470.1 results in less complex plaques with increased smooth muscle cell:macrophage ratio, less macrophage apoptosis, increased cap thickness, smaller necrotic cores, and decreased incidence of calcification .

HY-148775B

*PLGA-PEG-MAL (20kDA-5.0kDA, LA:GA ratio* 40:60)** 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
PLGA-PEG-MAL (20kDA-5.0kDA, LA:GA ratio 40:60) is a kind of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG-Mal) nanoparticles. PLGA-PEG-MAL (20kDA-5.0kDA, LA:GA ratio 40:60) has a molecular weight of 20kDA to 5.0kDA and contains a 40:60 ratio of lactic acid (LA) to glycolic acid (GA) molecules .

HY-P10586A

Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA MALP-2 TFA	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA is an agonist of Toll like receptors TLR-2/TLR-6. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and endothelial cell release of NO, thereby improving vasodilation. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 enhances endothelial adhesion of white blood cells and improve perfusion recovery and collateral growth in the hind limbs of hypercholesterolemic Apoe deficient mice undergoing experimental femoral artery ligation (FAL) .

HY-P11107

RP-832c	Apoptosis TNF Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
RP-832c is a synthetic analogue of host defense peptides (HDP), targeting the mannose receptor CD206 on the surface of M2 polarized macrophages (K_d = 3.5 μM). RP-832c binding to CD206 induces a significant conformational change in the receptor, activating signaling pathways that lead to rapid apoptosis and repolarization of CD206-positive M2 macrophages to an M1 phenotype. RP-832c treatment significantly reduces CD206 gene expression in M2 macrophages while transiently increasing expression of TNF-α, a marker for M1 macrophages. RP-832c is used for the studies of T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) .

HY-175613

DOTA-ALB-02	FAP	Cancer
DOTA-ALB-02 is an albumin-bound FAP inhibitor (FAPI) ligand. DOTA-ALB-02 labeled with ¹⁷⁷Lu has a high FAP-binding affinity and enhanced tumor uptake and retention with a significant tumor/nontarget ratio. DOTA-ALB-02 can be used for PET/CT and SPECT/CT imaging of cancers, especially late-stage cancers .

HY-117432

JC-171	NOD-like Receptor (NLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
JC-171 is a selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 8.45 μM for inhibiting LPS/ATP-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release from J774A.1 macrophages .

HY-P10420

RS17	CD47 Interleukin Related	Cancer
RS17 is an anti-tumor peptide designed to bind specifically to the CD47 molecule and block the interaction between CD47 and its ligand, SIRPα, on the surface membrane of macrophages. The main regulatory mechanism of RS17 is to prevent CD47 from transmitting selective phagocytosis signals to SIRPα by binding to CD47, so that macrophages do not recognize tumor cells as their own tissue, but phagocytose them as foreign substances, thereby inhibiting immune escape of tumor cells. RS17 can be used to study the mechanism of anti-tumor response and immune escape .

HY-148776

*PLGA-PEG-MAL (20kDA-5.0kDA, LA:GA ratio* 50:50)**	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
PLGA-PEG-MAL (20kDA-5.0kDA, LA:GA ratio 50:50) is a kind of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG-Mal) nanoparticles. PLGA-PEG-MAL (20kDA-5.0kDA, LA:GA ratio 50:50) has a molecular weight of 20kDA to 5.0kDA and contains a 50:50 ratio of lactic acid (LA) to glycolic acid (GA) molecules. The molecular ratio of LA to GA determines the rate of matrix degradation and protein re-release .

HY-168539

TM11	HuR	Inflammation/Immunology
TM11, a Tanshinone mimic, is a potent HuR inhibitor that can inhibit HuR-RNA complex formation. TM11 reduces LPS-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages .

HY-148775

*PLGA-PEG-MAL (60kDA-3.4kDA, LA:GA ratio* 75:25)**	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
PLGA-PEG-MAL (60kDA-3.4kDA, LA:GA ratio 75:25) is a kind of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG-Mal) nanoparticles. PLGA-PEG-MAL (60kDA-3.4kDA, LA:GA ratio 75:25) has a molecular weight of 60kDA to 3.4kDA and contains a 75:25 ratio of lactic acid (LA) to glycolic acid (GA) molecules .

HY-P10586

Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 MALP-2	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease
Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP-2) is an agonist of Toll like receptors TLR-2/TLR-6. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 can enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and endothelial cell release of NO, thereby improving vasodilation. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 can enhance endothelial adhesion of white blood cells and improve perfusion recovery and collateral growth in the hind limbs of hypercholesterolemic Apoe deficient mice undergoing experimental femoral artery ligation (FAL) .

HY-154928

GW6340	LXR	Metabolic Disease
GW6340 is an intestinal-specific LXR agonist. GW6340 promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (mRCT) .

HY-139990

CSF1R-IN-3 1 Publications Verification	c-Fms	Cancer
CSF1R-IN-3 (compound 21) is a potent and orally active CSF-1R inhibitor (IC₅₀=2.1 nM). CSF1R-IN-3 is a potent antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells. CSF1R-IN-3 inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer by suppressing the migration of macrophages, reprograming M2-like macrophages to the M1 phenotype, and enhancing the antitumor immunity .

HY-163642

TNF-α agonistic 1	Others	Cancer
TNF-α agonistic 1 (compound 22a) can repolarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) from the M2 phenotype to the M1 anti-tumor phenotype .

HY-W201317

E17241	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
E17241 is an inducer of the expression of ABCA1 that increases the protein levels of ABCA1 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. E17241 is also an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs ). E17241 decreases plasma glucose levels and body weight in KKAy diabetic mice fed a high-fat and high-glucose (HFHG) diet .

HY-B2150

4-Hydroxyantipyrine 4-Hydroxyphenazone; NSC 174055	Drug Metabolite	Others
4-Hydroxyantipyrine (4-Hydroxyphenazone; NSC 174055) is the major metabolite of Antipyrine (HY-B0171), can be as a biodistribution promoter. 4-Hydroxyantipyrine can increase distribution of concentration ratio of Citicoline and Antipyrine in the brain .

HY-149218

THR-β agonist 6	Thyroid Hormone Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
THR-β agonist 6 is an orally active, selective thyroid hormone receptor β (THR-β) agonist with EC₅₀s of 0.03 μM and 0.22 μM for THR-β and THR-α, respectively. THR-β agonist 6 exhibits an xcellent liver-to-serum ratio of 93:1 in mice. THR-β agonist 6 has the potential for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) research .

HY-P991181

VTX-1218	Transmembrane Glycoprotein	Cancer
VTX-1218 is a VSIG4 inhibitor with human K_d 7.4 nM. VTX-1218 blocks VSIG4 activity, relieves VSIG4-mediated macrophage suppression, repolarizes tumor-associated macrophages and induces T cell activation. VTX-1218 upregulates cytokines and chemokines linked to immune cell recruitment. VTX-1218 can be used for the research of multiple cancer types .

HY-124122

BPTQ	VEGFR Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) Apoptosis Caspase Bcl-2 Family	Cancer
BPTQ is a potent inhibitor against VEGFR1 and CHK2 with IC₅₀ values of 0.54 and 1.70 µmol/L, respectively. BPTQ is also an intercalator of DNA with anticancer activities. BPTQ inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 cells by arresting cells at S and G2/M phase with an IC₅₀ value of 12 µmol/L. BPTQ also activates the mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis pathway by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspases .

HY-156177

TLR7 agonist 16	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
TLR7 agonist 16 (compound 16d) is a highly potent TLR7 agonist with an EC₅₀ of 18 nM. TLR7 agonist 16 potently induces the activation of mouse macrophages and hPBMCs at low-nanomolar concentrations .

HY-156176

TLR7 agonist 15	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
TLR7 agonist 15 (compound 16b) is a highly potent TLR7 agonist with an EC₅₀ of 18 nM. TLR7 agonist 15 potently induces the activation of mouse macrophages and hPBMCs at low-nanomolar concentrations .

HY-108644

SB 706504	p38 MAPK	Inflammation/Immunology
SB 706504 is a potent p38 MAPK inhibitor that inhibits Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056)-stimulated inflammatory gene expression in macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .

HY-144041

CSF1R-IN-5	c-Fms	Cancer
CSF1R-IN-5 is a potent inhibitor of CSF1R. CSF-1R is expressed in macrophages, and the survival and differentiation of macrophages depends on the CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling pathway. CSF1R-IN-5 affects the exchange of inflammatory factors between TAMs and glioma cells. CSF1R-IN-5 has the potential for the research of cancer disease (extracted from patent WO2021197276A1, compound 11) .

HY-144190

MIF-IN-1	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)	Neurological Disease
MIF-IN-1 (compound 14) is a potent macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibitor (pIC₅₀=6.87) .

HY-157469

TNT-i NPD3064	HIV	Infection
TNT-i (NPD3064) is an inhibitor targeting M-Sec. TNT-i inhibits M-Sec-induced tunneling nanotube (TNT) formation reversibly. TNT-i reduces wild-type HIV-1 production in macrophages and M-Sec-expressing T cells. TNT-i shows low cytotoxic effects on macrophages and T cells. TNT-i can be used for the research of HIV-1 infection .

HY-P990061

Polzastobart JTX 8064	LILRB Transmembrane Glycoprotein	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Polzastobart (JTX-8064) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antagonist antibody that selectively binds LILRB2 and prevents it from binding its ligands, classical and non-classical MHC I molecules. Polzastobart enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages by blocking the ability of LILRB2 to bind HLA-A/B and/or HLA-G, a marker of immunotolerance on cancer cells. Polzastobart is a macrophage immune checkpoint inhibitor .

HY-N12283

NF-κB-IN-13	NF-κB	Inflammation/Immunology
NF-κB-IN-13 (compound 12) can significantly inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB activation and NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. NF-κB-IN-13 has anti-inflammatory effects .

HY-124814

C215	Bacterial	Infection
C215 is a potent inhibitor of MmpL3. C215 is identified in HTS with glycerol independent activity against M. tuberculosis, limited non-specific toxicity against mammalian cells, an IC₉₀ of 16 μM against M. tuberculosis, and efficacy against M. tuberculosis growing in macrophages .

HY-D1257

Msr-Ratio Msr-green	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Msr-Ratio (Msr-green) is a ratiometric fluorescent probe of methionine sulfoxide reductase (λex=375 nm, λem=550 nm). Msr-Ratio is used for monitoring the enzyme activity in vitro and in live cells .

HY-163971

*Granulocyte-macrophage* colony-stimulating factor**	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a biochemical assay reagent.

HY-158264

SNRI-IN-1	Serotonin Transporter	Endocrinology
SNRI-IN-1 (Compound 7a) is a dual serotonin and noradrenaline monoamine reuptake inhibitor, P-glycoprotein Efflux Ratio is 20 .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-Y0520

Itaconic acid 2 Publications Verification Methylenesuccinic acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis
Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. Itaconic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effect .

HY-N9481

Lipoteichoic acid 1 Publications Verification	Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Complement System Autophagy mTOR Akt PI3K ERK Interleukin Related
Lipoteichoic acid is an orally effect anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent. Lipoteichoic acid is a crucial immune molecule in Gram-positive bacteria that activates the complement system by inducing C3 and inhibiting CD55. Lipoteichoic acid regulates macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Lipoteichoic acid induces lung damage in mice. Lipoteichoic acid inhibits the production of melanin .

HY-113491

3-Phosphoglyceric acid 3-PGA; 3-Glycerophosphoric acid	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
3-Phosphoglyceric acid is a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid is involved in alveolar macrophage epigenetic regulation.

HY-10448A

Capsaicin (Purity 65%) 20+ Cited Publications	Monophenols Capsicum annuum L. Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Phenols Solanaceae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	TRP Channel Autophagy Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin (Ratio >2:1). Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is an orally active capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist .

HY-125527

Resolvin D1 1 Publications Verification RvD1	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Resolvin D1 (RvD1), an endogenous pro-resolving mediator of inflammation, is derived from omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid during the resolution phase of acute inflammation. Resolvin D1 blocks proinflammatory neutrophil migration by regulating actin polymerization, reduces TNF-α–mediated inflammation in macrophages, and enhances phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages .

HY-113224

Desmosterol 5 Publications Verification	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite LXR Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Interleukin Related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NOD-like Receptor (NLR)
Desmosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. In the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, Desmosterol is a direct precursor of cholesterol. As an endogenous metabolite, Desmosterol is used to study cholesterol metabolism . Desmosterol is an LXR activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can suppress macrophage inflammasome activation and prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A reduction in Desmosterol promotes the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and pyrin domain-dependent inflammasome activation of NLRP3. Desmosterol holds potential for research in inflammation, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases .

HY-N0577

Apiin 1 Publications Verification Apigenin 7-O-apiosylglucoside; Apigenin 7-(2-O-apiosylglucoside)	Structural Classification Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Flavones Phenols Polyphenols Umbelliferae Plants Baccharis sarothroides A.Gray Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase
Apiin is a flavonoid glycoside-based iNOS inhibitor. Apiin inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages. Apiin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-N0569

Madecassic acid 2 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Umbelliferae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase COX TNF Receptor Interleukin Related
Madecassic acid is isolated from Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Madecassic acid has anti-inflammatory properties caused by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells .

HY-143712

Allolithocholic acid 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR
Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-N0481

Roburic acid 1 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Structural Classification Gentiana macrophylla Pall. Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Gentianaceae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	COX TNF Receptor NO Synthase Interleukin Related NF-κB Apoptosis p38 MAPK JNK ERK Keap1-Nrf2 RANKL/RANK
Roburic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and osteoclastogenesis inhibitor, with a K_i of 7.066 μM against human TNF, an IC₅₀ of 9 μM against human COX-2, and an IC₅₀ of 5 μM against ovine COX-1. Roburic acid reduces the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and IL-6 in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK (p38/JNK) pathways. By competitively inhibiting the TNF-TNF-R1 interaction, Roburic acid blocks the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Roburic acid specifically inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing the RANKL/TRAF6/NF-κB/NFATc1 axis. Roburic acid can be used in research related to osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis, colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases .

HY-128525

Enterobactin	Microorganisms Phenols Polyphenols Source Classification	Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Enterobactin is a siderophore produced by Gram-negative bacteria and has an extremely high affinity for iron. During the process of Salmonella typhimurium infecting macrophages, Enterobactin can not only help bacteria uptake iron but also reduce the antibacterial activity of macrophages. In addition, Enterobactin is also involved in the oxidative stress response of Escherichia coli. Enterobactin can be hydrolyzed by Fes in the cell and exert antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals .

HY-N1440

Koumine	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Loganiaceae Plants Gelsemium eleganis (Gardn. et Champ.) Benth. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family
Koumine is an alkaloid separated from Gelsemium elegans, shows potent anti-tumor activity. Koumine up-regulates the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 expression in human breast cancer cells . Koumine has anxiolytic, antistress, antipsoriatic, and analgesic activities , protects against the development of arthritis in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal models .

HY-Y0586

2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid Asaronic acid	Classification of Application Fields Araceae Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Acorus calamus L. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NF-κB STAT
2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid (Asaronic acid) is a compound identified in purple perilla extracts. 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced inflammatory responses, inhibits the activation of NF-κB and STAT signaling pathways. 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid inhibits M1 macrophage phenotype-mediated inflammation in diabetes .

HY-N4099

Luteolin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide	Structural Classification Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Flavones Phenols Polyphenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Metabolite
Luteolin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide, a glucuronide derivative of Luteolin (HY-N0162), is found in the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Luteolin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide inhibits nitrite production in macrophages and binds strongly to FYN kinase .

HY-W016813

trans-Aconitic acid	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Other Diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	Parasite
trans-Aconitic acid is an orally active aconitase inhibitor that non-competitively inhibits the conversion of citric acid to cis-aconitic acid and competitively inhibits the conversion of cis-aconitic acid to isocitric acid. trans-Aconitic acid inhibits the growth of Leishmania donovani promastigotes, the transformation of Leishmania donovani amastigotes to promastigotes, and the in vitro proliferation of Leishmania donovani amastigotes within macrophages in vitro. trans-Aconitic acid can be used in research related to visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) .

HY-N1966

(E)-Osmundacetone 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Microorganisms Phenols Polyphenols Source Classification	p38 MAPK PPAR
(E)-Osmundacetone is an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway. (E)-Osmundacetone inhibits the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and restores the expression of PPARα/ACOX1. (E)-Osmundacetone abrogates abnormal cell proliferation, migration and liver metastasis induced by PTPRO silencing in colorectal cancer cells. (E)-Osmundacetone blocks OA-RD17-mediated activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby reducing macrophage proliferation and migration. (E)-Osmundacetone is applicable to relevant research on colorectal cancer .

HY-13451

Finafloxacin 1 Publications Verification	Source Classification	Antibiotic Bacterial
Finafloxacin is an orally active fourth-generation fluoroquinolone broad-spectrum antibiotic. Finafloxacin exhibits stronger antibacterial activity in acidic pH environments and is not easily affected by bacterial multidrug efflux transporters. Finafloxacin is effective against a variety of extracellular pathogenic bacteria, and can also accumulate in macrophages, showing excellent antibacterial activity against intracellular Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Legionella pneumophila, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and other pathogens. Finafloxacin has been approved by the U.S. FDA for research on acute otitis externa mediated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finafloxacin is also used in studies related to diseases such as melioidosis, inhalational tularemia, and inhalational plague .

HY-W014225

3-Phenoxybenzoic acid 1 Publications Verification 3-PBA	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Drug Metabolite
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induces immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, and inhibits the phagocytic ability of macrophages .

HY-W040055

Neopterin 1 Publications Verification D-(+)-Neopterin; D-erythro-Neopterin	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NF-κB PPAR ERK Raf Src
Neopterin is an immune system activator metabolized by GTP and can be produced by activated macrophages. Neopterin has the potential to resist vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Neopterin inhibits the phosphorylation of NF-κB and promotes the expression of PPAR-γ, thereby suppressing the inflammatory response of vascular endothelial cells, reducing the formation of macrophage foam cells, and regulating the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Neopterin can be used in research fields such as cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis), inflammation-related diseases and tumor immunomonitoring .

HY-75247

Coumaran 2 Publications Verification 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran	Natural Products Verbenaceae Plants Endogenous metabolite Lantana camaraLinn. Source Classification	Cholinesterase (ChE) Endogenous Metabolite Parasite
Coumaran (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran) is an AChE inhibitor with antileishmanial activity. Coumaran may acquire antiparasitic capabilities through activation of macrophages and exert immunomodulatory activity. Coumaran can be used as a biopesticide. .

HY-N7976

Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside	Flavonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Verbenaceae Callicarpa bodinieri Levl. Phenols Polyphenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase
Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside is a flavonol diglycoside with NO production inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside targets activated macrophages to block NO production, with an IC₅₀ of 55 μM. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases .

HY-N6801

Nivalenol	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family
Nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin that can be produced by Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal metabolite present in agricultural product. Nivalenol modulates apoptotic pathway, cell cycle regulation, Bax, ERK, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose synthase activity in macrophages. Nivalenol inhibits ribosomal peptidyltransferase site, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Nivalenol induces late-stage apoptotic morphological changes, reduces cellular metabolism, and decreases cell proliferation in erythroleukemia cells. Nivalenol induces lymphocyte apoptosis in murine thymus, spleen, and Peyer's patches. Nivalenol can be used for the research of erythroleukemia .

HY-P0240

Tuftsin 4 Publications Verification	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide. Tuftsin is a macrophage/microglial activator.

HY-N4301

Monensin B	Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Monensin B is a polyketide produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Fermentations of Streptomyces cinnamonensis produce a mixture of Monensin A and Monensin B in a ratio dependent upon the relative concentrations of ethylmalonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA .

HY-113327

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is the metabolite of caffeine. The metabolic ratio 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid to caffeine can be evaluated as a biomarker to describe variability in CYP3A activity in a cohort .

HY-N0608

Myrislignan 1 Publications Verification	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Simple Phenylpropanols Phenols Myristicaceae Phenylpropanoids Plants Myristica fragrans Houtt. Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification	NF-κB
Myrislignan, a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan attenuates LPS-induced inflammation reaction in murine macrophage cells through inhibition of NF-kB signalling pathway activation .

HY-N1195

Sugiol (+)-Sugiol; 10-Deoxoxanthoperol	Cupressaceae Terpenoids Diterpenoids Calocedrus formosana (Florin) Florin Plants	p38 MAPK ERK JNK Interleukin Related TNF Receptor
Sugiol is an abietane diterpenoid, can be isolated from Calocedrus formosana bark. Sugiol has anti-inflammatory activity, could effectively reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages .

HY-125531

Dactylorhin A	Bletilla striata (Thunb. ex Murray) Rchb. f. Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Orchidaceae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Dactylorhin A, a succinate derivative ester, is isolated from rhizomes of Gymnadenia conopsea. Dactylorhin A exhibits moderate inhibitory effects on NO production effects in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells .

HY-W001174

2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone	Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Scrophulariaceae Plants Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaert.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et Mey Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	ERK NF-κB
2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone, isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa, inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages by blocking the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways .

HY-N7012

7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin 1 Publications Verification 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone	Monophenols Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Flavones Labiatae Phenols Plants Swartzia polyphylla DC. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Lipoxygenase TNF Receptor Interleukin Related COX Fungal Parasite Apoptosis
7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin (5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone) is a flavonoid with multiple biological activities. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin inhibits soybean lipoxygenase (LOX), with an IC₅₀ value of 23.97 µg/mL. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin possesses anti-inflammatory effects in Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin inhibits the binding of MDM2 with p53 and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin also has antioxidant, antifungal and antitrypanosomal activities sup>[4]sup>[5].

HY-Y0520R

Itaconic acid (Standard) Methylenesuccinic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis
Itaconic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Itaconic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. Itaconic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effect .

HY-N3196

Neotuberostemonine	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Stemonaceae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Stemona tuberosa Lour. Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Bacterial
Neotuberostemonine, one of the main antitussive alkaloids in the root of Stemona tuberosa Lour, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the recruitment and activation of macrophages .

HY-N2556

Tirucallol	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Euphorbia boetica Terpenoids Euphorbiaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification	Others
Tirucallol, a tetracyclic triterpene, is isolated from Euphorbia lacteal latex. Tirucallol has topical anti-inflammatory effect. Tirucallol can suppress ear edema in the mouse model and inhibit nitrite production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages .

HY-N16039

TAN-1030A	Alkaloids Microorganisms Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	β-glucuronidase
TAN-1030A is an indolocarbazole alkaloid with macrophage-activating properties. TAN-1030A induces spreading of a murine macrophage cell line, Mm 1, and augmentes the phagocytic activity, Fc gamma receptor expression and β-glucuronidase activity of murine macrophage cell lines, Mm 1 and J774A.1. TAN-1030A can activate macrophage functions in mice .

HY-145491

Resolvin D5	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	ERK NF-κB CCR
Resolvin D5 is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent produced in M2 macrophages. Resolvin D5 alleviates Paclitaxel (HY-B0015)-induced mechanical allodynia and inflammatory pain by activating the GPR32 receptor, with gender specificity (effective only in male mice) and independence from TRPV1 or TRPA1 channels. Resolvin D5 attenuates LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation, downregulates proinflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and CCL5, inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and osteoclastogenesis, promotes regulatory T cell differentiation, and shows no cytotoxicity to human monocytes. The level of Resolvin D5 is elevated in arthritic SKG mice, but Resolvin D5 has no effect on dendritic cell differentiation or M1 macrophage polarization, nor does it prevent ZyA-induced arthritis progression. Resolvin D5 is suitable for research related to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, inflammatory pain and rheumatoid arthritis .

HY-N12188

Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one	Structural Classification Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv. Cardiacglycosides Rutaceae Plants Steroids Source Classification	NF-κB TNF Receptor Interleukin Related p38 MAPK
Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one is a steroid compound that can be isolated from Harrisonia abyssinica. Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one blocks the NF-κB signaling pathway via down-regulation of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB α. Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one reduces LPS (HY-D1056)-induced nitric oxide, PGE₂, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in macrophages. Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one can be used for inflammation diseases .

HY-N4231

Lucyoside B	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Cucurbitaceae Plants Luffa aegyptiaca Miller Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification	NF-κB
Lucyoside B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators via both NF-κB and activator protein-1 pathways in activated macrophages .

HY-N9454

Garcinoic acid	Structural Classification Monophenols other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) COX NF-κB Amylases β-glucuronidase DNA/RNA Synthesis Amyloid-β NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Pyroptosis
Garcinoic acid is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Garcinoic acid also enhances efferocytosis and enzyme/receptor regulation, and selectively inhibits human COX-2, porcine α-amylase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase and human DNA polymerase β (IC₅₀=11 μM), as well as activates human PXR. Garcinoic acid enhances macrophage efferocytosis via receptors such as MerTK and LRP-1, and promotes the production of pro-resolving lipid mediators. Garcinoic acid inhibits NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, interferes with Aβ aggregation, downregulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and binds to targets including CD44 and EGFR to inhibit leukemia cell proliferation. The pharmacological activities of Garcinoic acid, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid metabolism-regulating effects, are widely used in studies related to various diseases including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and viral pneumonia .

HY-N1414A

3′,6-Disinapoylsucrose 2 Publications Verification	Natural Products Polymer products Plants Brassicaceae Raphanus sativus Linn.	Bcl-2 Family Apoptosis
3′,6-Disinapoylsucrose is a type of oligosaccharide that's effective when taken orally, and it has antidepressant, anti-anxiety, and antioxidant properties. 3′,6-Disinapoylsucrose inhibits neuronal apoptosis by lowering the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in hippocampal neurons, and it enhances cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by activating the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway .

HY-N8160

Dehydrocurdione	Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Zingiberaceae	Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Dehydrocurdione, a zedoary-derived sesquiterpene, induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, an antioxidative enzyme, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Dehydrocurdione interacts with Keap1, resulting in Nrf2 translocation followed by activation of the HO-1 E2 enhancer. Dehydrocurdione suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced NO release, a marker of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-N7697C

Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride	Structural Classification Animals Classification of Application Fields Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Interleukin Related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride is a small molecular polysaccharide. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride inhibits the binding of AgW to TLR4. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride upregulates IL-10, inhibits LPS-induced upregulation of ROS, induces alternative activation of macrophages/monocytes, and suppresses LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride reverses the mortality of mice challenged with APAP or LPS. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride can be used in research related to Acetaminophen (HY-66005)-induced hepatotoxicity and endotoxemia .

HY-N4022

Hyuganin D Isobocconin; Seravschanin	Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Plants Umbelliferae Source Classification	Others
Hyuganin D (Isobocconin) is a Coumarin (HY-N0709) constituent that substantially inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NO production in mouse peritoneal macrophages .

HY-N12283

NF-κB-IN-13	Natural Products Thymelaeaceae Plants Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng. Source Classification	NF-κB
NF-κB-IN-13 (compound 12) can significantly inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB activation and NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. NF-κB-IN-13 has anti-inflammatory effects .

HY-N3700

Decarine Rutaceline	Structural Classification Alkaloids Rutaceae Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Zanthoxylum simulans Hance Source Classification	Bacterial HIV TNF Receptor Interleukin Related
Decarine (Rutaceline) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid found in Zanthoxylum species. Decarinewith shows anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, and anti-HIV activity. Decarine inhibits NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 production in inflammatory cell models. Decarine inhibits growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, reduces intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival, and shows low cytotoxicity toward human macrophages. Decarine inhibits HIV replication in acutely infected lymphocytes. Decarine can be used for the researches of inflammation, tuberculosis, and HIV infection .

HY-N10768

1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdione	Monophenols Phenols Plants Source Classification Zingiberaceae	IKK NF-κB
1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdione directly inhibits IKKβ activity by targeting the activation loop of IKKβ, thus disrupting IKKβ-catalysed IκBα phosphorylation in macrophages stimulated with agonists. 1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdione inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity. 1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdione has the potential for NF-κB-associated inflammation and autoimmune disorders research .

HY-136512

Streptazolin	Microorganisms Anti-inflammation/Immunoregulatory Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Antibacterial Disease Research Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Antibiotic
Streptazolin is an antibiotic. Streptazolin increases bacterial killing and elaboration of immunostimulatory cytokines by macrophages in vitro. Streptazolin stimulates the macrophage NF-κB pathway via PI3K signaling .

HY-N3595

Cleomiscosin A	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Lignans Phenols Euphorbiaceae Phenylpropanoids Plants Macaranga adenantha Gagnep. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	TNF Receptor
Cleomiscosin A is a coumarino-lignoid from branch of Macaranga adenantha. Cleomiscosin A is active against TNF-alpha secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages .

HY-129151

Ganoderic acid C1	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Polyporaceae Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst. Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	TNF Receptor
Ganoderic acid C1, a natural compound that could be isolated from G. lucidum, suppresses TNF-α production by murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) .

HY-N2838

Alismol	Animals Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Source Classification	NO Synthase
Alismol is a natural sesquiterpene. Alismol shows promising inhibitory effects on INF-γ-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells .

HY-N3248

Momordicoside G Momordicacoside G	Triterpenes Terpenoids Cucurbitaceae Plants Source Classification Momordica charantia Linn.	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis
Momordicoside G (Momordicacoside G) is an orally active cucurbitane-type triterpene glycoside. Momordicoside G selectively induces apoptosis of M1-like macrophages, without affecting M2-like macrophages. Momordicoside G reduces intracellular ROS levels and promotes autophagy. Momordicoside G also has anticancer activity, inhibiting the growth of cancer cell lines. Momordicoside G stimulates M2-associated lung injury repair and prevents inflammatory lung cancer injury .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-W251598S

Bicarbonate-13C sodium

Bicarbonate- ¹³C sodium is the ¹³C-labeled Sodium bicarbonate (HY-Y0756). Sodium bicarbonate is an inorganic salt that is neutral to slightly alkaline and easily decomposes when exposed to moisture in the air. Sodium bicarbonate can maintain the pH of the culture medium, thereby affecting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages and reversing the acidosis of the tumor microenvironment. Sodium bicarbonate is widely used in the fields of food, medicine, cosmetics, etc. Its main uses include buffers, flavoring agents, disinfectants, pharmaceuticals, and proton gradient regulators. Sodium bicarbonate is also commonly used as an antacid to inhibit gastrointestinal diseases, neutralize gastric acid, and reduce gastric discomfort .

HY-Y0520S

Itaconic acid-13C5
Itaconic acid- ¹³C₅ is the ¹³C labeled Itaconic acid. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors .

HY-14648S

Dexamethasone-d5

Dexamethasone-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses .

HY-113134S

25-Hydroxycholesterol-d6
25-Hydroxycholesterol-d₆ (25-OHC-d₆) is the deuterium labeled 25-Hydroxycholesterol. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is a metabolite of cholesterol that is produced and secreted by macrophages in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. 25-hydroxycholesterol is a potent (EC₅₀≈65 nM) and selective suppressor of IgA production by B cells .

HY-10227S

Bortezomib-d8

Bortezomib-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Bortezomib. Bortezomib (PS-341) is a reversible and selective proteasome inhibitor, and potently inhibits 20S proteasome (K_i=0.6 nM) by targeting a threonine residue. Bortezomib disrupts the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, and inhibits NF-κB. Bortezomib is the first proteasome inhibitor anticancer agent. Bortezomib can be used for the study of multiple myeloma (MM) . Bortezomib effectively inhibits TREM2 expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) .

HY-14648S3

Dexamethasone-4,6α,21,21-d4

Dexamethasone-4,6α,21,21-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Dexamethasone-4,6α,21,21. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.

HY-125527S

Resolvin D1-d5

Resolvin D1-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Resolvin D1. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), an endogenous pro-resolving mediator of inflammation, is derived from omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid during the resolution phase of acute inflammation. Resolvin D1 blocks proinflammatory neutrophil migration by regulating actin polymerization, reduces TNF-α-mediated inflammation in macrophages, and enhances phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages .

HY-W014225S

3-Phenoxybenzoic acid-13C6
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C₆ labeled 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induces immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, and inhibits the phagocytic ability of macrophages .

HY-14648S5

Dexamethasone-d3-1

Dexamethasone-d₃-1 (Hexadecadrol-d₃-1; Prednisolone F-d₃-1) is a deuterium labeled Dexamethasone (HY-14648). Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.

HY-N6801S

Nivalenol-13C15

Nivalenol- ¹³C₁₅ is the ¹³C labeled Nivalenol (HY-N6801) . Nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin that can be produced by Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal metabolite present in agricultural product. Nivalenol modulates apoptotic pathway, cell cycle regulation, Bax, ERK, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose synthase activity in macrophages. Nivalenol inhibits ribosomal peptidyltransferase site, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Nivalenol induces late-stage apoptotic morphological changes, reduces cellular metabolism, and decreases cell proliferation in erythroleukemia cells. Nivalenol induces lymphocyte apoptosis in murine thymus, spleen, and Peyer's patches. Nivalenol can be used for the research of erythroleukemia.

HY-W015600S

2-Acetamidophenol-d3

2-Acetamidophenol-d₃ (Orthocetamol-d₃) is the deuterium labeled 2-Acetamidophenol (HY-W015600). 2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC50s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe2+), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation .

HY-B0464S1

Hydralazine-d5 hydrochloride

Hydralazine-d₅ (hydrochloride) is deuterium-labeled Hydralazine (hydrochloride) (HY-B0464). Hydralazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine hydrochloride reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine hydrochloride inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGE_E2; meanwhile, Hydralazine hydrochloride scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine hydrochloride alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine hydrochloride directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine hydrochloride has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain .

HY-14648S2

Dexamethasone-d4

Dexamethasone-d₄ is deuterium labeled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.

HY-N6739S

Beauvericin-13C45

Beauvericin- ¹³C₄₅ is ¹³C labeled Beauvericin (HY-N6739). Beauvericin is a cyclohexapeptide Fusarium toxin with insecticidal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Beauvericin causes cellular genotoxicity by producing DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei, and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of HCC. In addition, Beauvericin affects immune function by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and interfering with the differentiation process of human monocytes into macrophages .

HY-B0464S

Hydralazine-d4 hydrochloride

Hydralazine-d4 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Hydralazine hydrochloride. Hydralazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine hydrochloride reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine hydrochloride inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGE_E2; meanwhile, Hydralazine hydrochloride scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine hydrochloride alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine hydrochloride directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine hydrochloride has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain .

HY-B0335S1

Tolfenamic acid-13C6
Tolfenamic acid- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C₆ labeled Tolfenamic acid. Tolfenamic Acid (GEA 6414) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent, selectively inhibits COX-2, with an IC50 of 13.49 μM (3.53 μg/mL) in LPS-treated (COX-2) canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells, but shows no effect on COX-1.

HY-14648S1

Dexamethasone-d5-1

Dexamethasone-d₅-1 is deuterium labeled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.

HY-143712S1

Allolithocholic Acid-d4

Allolithocholic Acid-d₄ (3α-hydoxy-5α-Cholaoic Acid-d₄, allo-LCA-d₄) is deuterium labeled Allolithocholic acid (HY-143712). Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-B2150S

4-Hydroxyantipyrine-d3
4-Hydroxyantipyrine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxyantipyrine. 4-Hydroxyantipyrine is the major metabolite of Antipyrine, can be as a biodistribution promoter. 4-Hydroxyantipyrine can increase distribution of concentration ratio of Antipyrine in the brain .

HY-142140S

3-epi-25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3-d6
3-epi-25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3-d₆ is the deuterium labeled 3-epi-25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 (HY-142140) . 3-epi-25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 is the vitamin D metabolite, while vitamin D metabolism highly dependent on macrophage polarization. The C3-epimerase pathway for vitamin D is active in macrophages .

HY-16397AS

Phenformin-d5 hydrochloride

Phenformin-d₅ (Phenethylbiguanide-d₅) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Phenformin hydrochloride. Phenformin hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.

HY-121356S

Carebastine-d5
Carebastine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Carebastine. Carebastine is the active metabolite of Ebastine. Carebastine is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Carebastine inhibits VEGF-induced HUVEC and HPAEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner . Carebastine suppresses the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor .

HY-121356S1

Carebastine-d5 Methyl Ester
Carebastine-d₅ Methyl Ester is the deuterium labeled Carebastine. Carebastine is the active metabolite of Ebastine. Carebastine is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Carebastine inhibits VEGF-induced HUVEC and HPAEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner . Carebastine suppresses the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor .

HY-N0608S

Myrislignan-13C,d2
Myrislignan- ¹³C,d₂ is the ¹³C-labeled and deuterium labeled Myrislignan (HY-N0608). Myrislignan, a lignan, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan attenuates LPS-induced inflammation reaction in murine macrophage cells through inhibition of NF-kB signalling pathway activation .

HY-W753956

Iminostilbene-d10

Iminostilbene-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Iminostilbene (HY-N7064). Iminostilbene is a chemical precursor of carbamazepine. Additionally, Iminostilbene is an orally active inhibitor of PKM2 (Pyruvate Kinase M2) and COX2 (Cyclooxygenase-2). Iminostilbene exerts its effects by inhibiting PKM2 and its interaction with HIF-1α and STAT3, reducing COX2 and iNOS expression, and decreasing LPS-induced release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1, thereby suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and improving myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Iminostilbene holds promise for research in inflammation regulation, cardiovascular diseases (such as MI/R injury), and macrophage-mediated immune-related diseases .

HY-W746847

Epibetulinic acid-d3
Epibetulinic acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Epibetulinic acid (HY-N0223). Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC₅₀s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-B0335S

Tolfenamic acid-d4
Tolfenamic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Tolfenamic Acid. Tolfenamic Acid (GEA 6414) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent, selectively inhibits COX-2, with an IC₅₀ of 13.49 μM (3.53 μg/mL) in LPS-treated (COX-2) canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells, but shows no effect on COX-1 .

HY-B0991S

Amoxapine-d8
Amoxapine-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Amoxapine. Amoxapine (CL-67772) is a norepinephrine reuptake blocker and a 5-HT₂/5-HT₃ antagonist. Amoxapine can be used for the research of depression. Amoxapine has antibacterial activity. Amoxapine can enhance the killing effect of macrophages on mycobacterium by inducing autophagy, while protecting the cells from death .

HY-B0636S1

Triamcinolone acetonide-13C3

Triamcinolone acetonide- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled Triamcinolone acetonide (HY-B0636). Triamcinolone acetonide inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced proliferation of retinal endothelial cells. Triamcinolone acetonide reduces chondrocyte viability and leads to cartilage destruction. Triamcinolone acetonide activates macrophage with anti-inflammatory characteristics. Triamcinolone acetonide can be used in the study of diseases such as atopic dermatitis .

HY-124410S

Mitoquinol-d15

Mitoquinol-d₁₅ is deuterium labeled Mitoquinol (HY-124410). Mitoquinol is an orally active mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mitoquinol can regulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidation. Mitoquinol inhibits ROS production, and improves phagocytosis and glycolysis in ethanol-exposed macrophages via the HIF-1α-PFKP axis. Additionally, Mitoquinol can partially alleviate heat stress-induced decreases in growth performance, inflammatory responses, and metabolic disorders in pigs .

HY-N8593S

Undecane-d24

Undecane-d₂₄ is the deuterium labeled Undecane (HY-N8593).Undecane is a potent cAMP agonist with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Undecane inhibits degranulation and the secretion of histamine and TNF-α. Undecane reverses the increased levels of p38 phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity and target cytokine/chemokine genes, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Undecane can be used for the study of skin inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis .

HY-151547S

MRS4719-d3

MRS4719-d₃ is the deuterium labeled MRS4719 (HY-151547). MRS4719 is a potent P2X4 receptor antagonist with an IC₅₀ value of 0.503 μM for human P2X4 receptor. MRS4719 can reduce infarct volume and reduce brain atrophy, showing neuroprotective and neuro-rehabilitative activities in ischemic stroke model. MRS4719 also reduces ATP-induced [Ca ²⁺]_i influx in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. MRS4719 can be used to research ischemic stroke .

HY-W109812S

Sinapyl alcohol-d3
Sinapyl alcohol-d₃ is the deuterated labeled Sinapyl alcohol (HY-W109812). Sinapyl alcohol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. Sinapyl alcohol reduces the expression level of inducible NO synthase and COX-2 .

HY-W701772

2-Oleoylglycerol-d5

2-Oleoylglycerol-d₅ (2-OG-d₅) is the deuterium labeled 2-Oleoylglycerol (HY-W011121). 2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG) is a lipid found in the diet. It is a GPR119 agonist, with an EC₅₀ value of 2.5 μM in activating hGPR119 in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. 2-Oleoylglycerol enhances the inflammatory response of macrophages and promotes fibrosis by activating the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. It also stimulates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo. 2-Oleoylglycerol is expected to be used in the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .

HY-107203S

Propentofylline-d6

Propentofylline-d₆ (HWA 285-d₆) is the deuterium labeled Propentofylline. Propentofylline is an orally active and brain-penetrant phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Propentofylline blocks adenosine reuptake and prevents cyclic nucleotide degradation. Propentofylline can be used for the research of primary degenerative (Alzheimer's) dementia, vascular dementia, cerebral ischemia, acute stroke, and learning and memory disorders .

HY-113327S1

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid-13C4,15N3
1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid- ¹³C₄, ¹⁵N₃ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid . 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is the metabolite of caffeine. The metabolic ratio 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid to caffeine can be evaluated as a biomarker to describe variability in CYP3A activity in a cohort .

HY-W724397

3-Phenoxybenzoic acid-d9
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid-d₉ (3-PBA-d₉) is the deuterium labeled 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (HY-W014225). 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induces immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, and inhibits the phagocytic ability of macrophages .

HY-W142432S

Perfluoroundecanoic acid-13C7

Perfluoroundecanoic acid- ¹³C₇ is the ¹³C-labeled Perfluoroundecanoic acid (HY-W142432). Perfluoroundecanoic acid is a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). Perfluoroundecanoic acid is an orally active oxidative stress inducer. Perfluoroundecanoic acid promotes macrophage M2 polarization, activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhances β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Perfluoroundecanoic acid -induced M2 phenotype macrophage accelerates tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Perfluoroundecanoic acid induces DNA damage, reproductive and pathophysiological dysfunctions via oxidative stress in male Swiss mice. Perfluoroundecanoic acid inhibits Leydig cell development in pubertal male rats via inducing oxidative stress and autophagy. Perfluoroundecanoic acid accelerates insulitis development in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Perfluoroundecanoic acid can be used for the study of ovarian cancer, type 1 diabetes and inflammation .

HY-N6777S

Penicillic acid-13C8
Penicillic acid- ¹³C₈ is the ¹³C-labeled Penicillic acid (HY-N6777). Penicillic acid is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Penicillic acid exhibits cytotoxicity in rat alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro. Penicillic acid inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by blocking self-processing of caspase-8 .

HY-W012732S2

Isoquinoline-15N

Isoquinoline- ¹⁵N is the ¹⁵N-labeled Isoquinoline (HY-W012732). Isoquinoline is an analog of pyridine. Isoquinoline-based alkaloids, such as p-tolyl bisisoquinoline, phthaloyl isoquinoline, and naphthyl isoquinoline, exhibit anticancer activity. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic mice by downregulating the gene expression ratios of pro-/anti-inflammatory and Th1/Th2 cytokines. Additionally, some isoquinoline-based compounds also possess antidepressant, antibacterial, antimalarial, and anti-HIV activities.

HY-B1218S

Sulfaphenazole-d4

Sulfaphenazole-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Sulfaphenazole (HY-B1218). Sulfaphenazole is a selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzyme. Sulfaphenazole is a cytoprotective agent against light-induced death of photoreceptors. Sulfaphenazole inhibits light-induced necrosis and mitochondrial stress-initiated apoptosis. Sulfaphenazole is an off patent sulfonamide antibiotic and demonstrates bactericidal activity through enhanced M1 macrophage activity. Sulfaphenazole can significantly reduce infarct size and restore post-ischemic coronary flow following ischemia and reperfusion .

Targets Recommended: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-13740G

Resiquimod R848; S28463	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Resiquimod (R848) (GMP) is Resiquimod (HY-13740) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Resiquimod is a Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/TLR8) agonist. Resiquimod (GMP) can induce human mMDSC to mature into inflammatory macrophages .

HY-B0764G

Bucladesine sodium Dibutyryl cAMP sodium; DBcAMP sodium	PKA Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) sodium (GMP) is a Bucladesine sodium (HY-B0764) produced by using GMP guidelines. Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation .

HY-10227G

Bortezomib PS-341; LDP-341; NSC 681239	Proteasome NF-κB Apoptosis Autophagy TREM receptor	Cancer
Bortezomib (GMP) (PS-341 (GMP)) is Bortezomib (HY-10227) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Bortezomib (PS-341) is a reversible and selective proteasome inhibitor, and potently inhibits 20S proteasome (K_i=0.6 nM) by targeting a threonine residue. Bortezomib disrupts the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, and inhibits NF-κB. Bortezomib is the first proteasome inhibitor anticancer agent. Bortezomib can be used for the study of multiple myeloma (MM) . Bortezomib effectively inhibits TREM2 expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) .

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