GlcNAc-MurNAc
Based on 1 Customer Validation
GlcNAc-MurNAc, a disaccharide, is a TLR4 agonist with a Kd of 383 μM for murine TLR4. GlcNAc-MurNAc directly binds to TLR4 and activates its downstream NF-κB and IRF pathways. GlcNAc-MurNAc improves Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (HY-116282C)-induced colitis in mice through a TLR4-dependent mechanism. GlcNAc-MurNAc can be used for the study of inflammatory bowel disease.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 95.37%
- CAS No.: 41137-10-4
- Formula: C19H32N2O13
- Molecular Weight:496.46
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Storage:
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
TLR4 383 μM (Kd) |
NF-κB |
IL-6 |
IL-12 |
IL-1α |
In Vitro
GlcNAc-MurNAc (GM) (1-8 mM, 24 h) is immunologically active via NOD-independent mechanisms in RAW264.7, BMDMs and THP-1 cells[1].
GlcNAc-MurNAc (4 mM, 24 h) depends on TLR4 to activate cellular immunity in WT bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:RAW264.7, BMDMs and THP-1 cells
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Concentration:1, 2, 4 mM for RAW264.7 cells; 2, 4, 8 mM for BMDMs and THP-1 cells
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Upregulated expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6.
Appeared less potent monosaccharide M.
Suppressed TNF-α production in RAW264.7 cells with the addition of TAK-242, a selective TLR4 inhibitor.
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Cell Line:WT and Tlr4-/- BMDMs
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Concentration:4 mM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Significantly upregulated some cytokine and chemokine genes, including IL12a/b, IL6, IL1a/b, Csf3, Ccl5, and Cxcl1 in WT cells but failed in Tlr4-/- cells.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:DSS-induced colitis model established in 7-9 weeks WT and Tlr4-/- C57BL/6 J mice[1]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), once daily for 9 days (2 days before the DDS water administration)
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Result:Alleviated colitis in WT mice, as evidenced by reduced body weight loss and colonic shortening in WT group.
Significantly reduced monocytes and neutrophils, in the colonic lamina propria in WT group.
Suppressed colonic expressions of proinflammatory genes, such as Tnfa, IL1b, and Ccl2 in WT group.
Restored the elevation of inflammatory markers, including IL-6, IFN-β, IL-27, IL-10, and IL-23 in WT group.
Failed to prevent weight loss and colonic shortening in Tlr4-/- group.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 41137-10-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 496.46
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Formula C19H32N2O13
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
OC([C@@H](C)O[C@H]([C@H](C(O[C@@H]1CO)O)NC(C)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)NC(C)=O)=O
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (100.71 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Protocols
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DSS-Induced Colitis
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is generated by administering DSS in mouse drinking water, producing epithelial injury, barrier disruption, weight loss, diarrhea, fecal blood, colon shortening, histologic mucosal damage, and inflammatory mediator changes; the model is mainly used to study acute or chronic intestinal inflammation resembling selected features of ulcerative colitis. DSS injury is interpreted through clinical and tissue readouts rather than a single molecular endpoint: daily body weight, stool consistency, and bleeding are combined into a disease activity index, while colon length, histology, cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, intestinal permeability, and tight-junction markers provide complementary measures of inflammation and barrier damage.
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TNBS-Induced Colitis
TNBS-induced colitis is produced by intrarectal delivery of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in ethanol, where ethanol disrupts the mucosal barrier and TNBS haptenates colonic proteins, generating immune-mediated colonic inflammation with weight loss, diarrhea, ulceration, transmural injury, inflammatory-cell infiltration, and cytokine responses. The model is used as an experimental intestinal inflammation model with Crohn’s disease–like features, especially when Th1-type responses, IL-12–dependent inflammation, chronic relapsing inflammation, or fibrosis-related endpoints are studied.
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (282 KB)
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SDS (251 KB)
- English - EN (251 KB)
- Français - FR (251 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (251 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (251 KB)
- Español - ES (251 KB)
- Swedish - SV (251 KB)
- Italian - IT (251 KB)
- Korean - KR (251 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (251 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.0143 mL | 10.0713 mL | 20.1426 mL | 50.3565 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4029 mL | 2.0143 mL | 4.0285 mL | 10.0713 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2014 mL | 1.0071 mL | 2.0143 mL | 5.0357 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1343 mL | 0.6714 mL | 1.3428 mL | 3.3571 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1007 mL | 0.5036 mL | 1.0071 mL | 2.5178 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0806 mL | 0.4029 mL | 0.8057 mL | 2.0143 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0671 mL | 0.3357 mL | 0.6714 mL | 1.6786 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0504 mL | 0.2518 mL | 0.5036 mL | 1.2589 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0403 mL | 0.2014 mL | 0.4029 mL | 1.0071 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0336 mL | 0.1679 mL | 0.3357 mL | 0.8393 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0252 mL | 0.1259 mL | 0.2518 mL | 0.6295 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0201 mL | 0.1007 mL | 0.2014 mL | 0.5036 mL |
GlcNAc-MurNAc Related Classifications
HY-175222 Related Classifications
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