Graveoline
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Graveoline (Rutamine) is an orally active alkaloid with various activities such as antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. Graveoline can induce tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy through a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway. Graveoline has an MIC of 500 μg/mL for Candida albicans. Graveoline can be used in the research of various diseases such as tumors and liver injury.
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- Pureza: 99.93%
- No. CAS: 485-61-0
- Fòrmula: C17H13NO3
- Peso molecular:279.30
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Almacenamiento:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Actividad biológica
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Chemical Information
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Solvente y solubilidad
- Pureza y Documentación
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Help & FAQs
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Actividad biológica
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p-STAT3 |
JAK1 |
IL-4 |
IL-10 |
Graveoline (0-35 μg/mL; 48 h) can inhibit the viability of A375 cells, induce an increase in ROS levels, as well as induce cell apoptosis and autophagy[1].
Graveoline (0-8 h) can downregulate the expression of the ICL1 gene and reduce the expression of the CaIcl1 protein in Candida albicans[2].
Graveoline (0-60 μM; 14-72 h) has killing activity against infective third-stage larvae (L3) and adults of Strongyloides venezuelensis. The LC50 values against L3 larvae at 24, 48, and 72 hours are 28.3, 25.9, and 24.4 μM, respectively, and those against adults are 27.8, 26.9, and 26.5 μM[3].
Graveoline (0-40 μM; 24 h) can reduce the levels of ALT, AST, and TNF-α, upregulate the levels of IL-4 and IL-10, and inhibit the upregulated expression of p-JAK1 and p-STAT3 in HepG2 cells treated with LPS (HY-D1056A1)[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:A375 and PBMCs
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Concentration:0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Inhibited the A375 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 22.23 μg/mL.
Had minimal cytotoxicity in PBMCs.
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Cell Line:A375
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Concentration:22.23 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Increased the levels of Beclin-1, Atg 5, and Atg 7.
Reduced the levels of mTOR, and Bcl-2.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male C57BL/6j mice aged 7-9 weeks old treated LPS (HY-D1056A1) and D-GalN (HY-42682) to induce liver injury[4]
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Dosage:50 and 100 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage; 2 days
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Result:Significantly attenuated liver injury at dose of 50 mg/kg.
Attenuated the DGalN/LPS-induced decrease in the liver levels of IL-4 and IL-10.
Decreased the TNF-α level in the liver and attenuated the D-GalN/LPS-induced increase in the level of p-JAK1 and p-STAT3 at dose of 50 mg/kg.
Chemical Information
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No. CAS 485-61-0
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Appearance Solid
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Peso molecular 279.30
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Fòrmula C17H13NO3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C1C=C(C2=CC=C(OCO3)C3=C2)N(C)C4=C1C=CC=C4
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Synonyms
Rutamine
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Envío
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Almacenamiento
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvente y solubilidad
DMSO : 20 mg/mL (71.61 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (3.58 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (3.58 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Pureza y Documentación
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Ficha de datos (280 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Instrucciones de manejo (2659 KB)
Referencias
[1]. Ghosh S, et, al. Graveoline isolated from ethanolic extract of Ruta graveolens triggers apoptosis and autophagy in skin melanoma cells: a novel apoptosis-independent autophagic signaling pathway. Phytother Res. 2014 Aug;28(8):1153-62. [Content Brief]
[2]. Kamal LZM, et, al. Identification of Alkaloid Compounds Arborinine and Graveoline from Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers for their Antifungal Potential against Isocitrate lyase (ICL1) gene of Candida albicans. Mycopathologia. 2021 May;186(2):221-236. [Content Brief]
[3]. Rodríguez-Garza NE, et al. Antiparasitic Activity of Chalepensin and Graveoline Isolated from Ruta chalepensis L.: In Vitro Evaluation Against Strongyloides venezuelensis. Pathogens. 2025 Apr 25;14(5):419. [Content Brief]
[4]. He J, et al. Graveoline attenuates D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Aug;177:117163. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.5804 mL | 17.9019 mL | 35.8038 mL | 89.5095 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7161 mL | 3.5804 mL | 7.1608 mL | 17.9019 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3580 mL | 1.7902 mL | 3.5804 mL | 8.9509 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2387 mL | 1.1935 mL | 2.3869 mL | 5.9673 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1790 mL | 0.8951 mL | 1.7902 mL | 4.4755 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1432 mL | 0.7161 mL | 1.4322 mL | 3.5804 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1193 mL | 0.5967 mL | 1.1935 mL | 2.9836 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0895 mL | 0.4475 mL | 0.8951 mL | 2.2377 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0716 mL | 0.3580 mL | 0.7161 mL | 1.7902 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0597 mL | 0.2984 mL | 0.5967 mL | 1.4918 mL |
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