2. Signalwege
  3. PI3K/Akt/mTOR
  4. mTOR

mTOR

Mammalian target of Rapamycin

mTOR

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mTOR (mammalian target of Rapamycin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the mTOR gene. mTOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, and transcription. mTOR belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase protein family. mTOR integrates the input from upstream pathways, including growth factors and amino acids. mTOR also senses cellular nutrient, oxygen, and energy levels. The mTOR pathway is dysregulated in human diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, depression, and certain cancers. Rapamycin inhibits mTOR by associating with its intracellular receptor FKBP12. The FKBP12-rapamycin complex binds directly to the FKBP12-Rapamycin Binding (FRB) domain of mTOR, inhibiting its activity.

mTOR Isoform Specific Products:

mTOR Isoform Comparison
Art. -Nr. Produktname Wirkung Reinheit Chemical Structure
  • HY-170670
    DQ661
    		Inhibitor
    DQ661 is a potent PPT1 inhibitor. DQ661 is a dimeric quinacrine autophagy inhibitor. DQ661 inhibits mTORC1 activity. DQ661 decreases the protein expression of pS6K T389, pS6 S240-244. DQ661 shows anticancer activity.
    DQ661
  • HY-P5984A
    Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP TFA
    		Inhibitor
    Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP (TFA) is the TFA form of Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP (HY-P5984). Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP (TFA) can improve metabolic stability and renoprotective effect through inducing autophagy via inhibition of mTORC1 and activation of mTORC2.
    Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP TFA
  • HY-117767
    CZ830
    		Inhibitor
    CZ830 is a mTOR kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of < 1 μM. CZ830 is applicable to the research of collagen-induced arthritis.
    CZ830
  • HY-178192
    mTORC1-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    mTORC1-IN-3 is a potent and selective mTORC1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 26.38 μM . mTORC1-IN-3 selectively inhibits the phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates and does not without affect the phosphorylation of mTORC2 substrate. mTORC1-IN-3 can reduce cellular lipid accumulation and induce autophagy. mTORC1-IN-3 can be used for the researches of cancer, immunology, metabolic and neurological disease, such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.
    mTORC1-IN-3
  • HY-172175
    HYS-072
    		Inhibitor
    HYS-072 is an orally active derivative of chrysin (HY-14589) with antitumor activity. HYS-072 induces apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and suppresses tumor growth in vivo in xenograft models by modulating autophagy-related pathways. HYS-072 can be used in the research of triple-negative breast cancer.
    HYS-072
  • HY-173367
    Anticancer agent 271
    		Inhibitor
    Anticancer agent 271 (compound 5C) has antiproliferative activity against lung (A549), colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines, and human lung fibroblast (WI38) with an IC50 value of 9.18 μM on A549 cells. Anticancer agent 271 downregulates PI3K and mTOR gene expression that can be used for cancer research.
    Anticancer agent 271
  • HY-183327
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-22
    		Inhibitor
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-22 is an orally active PI3K/mTOR kinase dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 400.5 nM and 8.2 nM. PI3K/mTOR-IN-22 downregulates phosphorylation of the AKT and mTOR, upregulates pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 and downregulates anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. PI3K/mTOR-IN-22 exhibits antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, induces apoptosis and ROS production, and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential. PI3K/mTOR-IN-22 exhibits antitumor activity in breast cancer mice models.
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-22
  • HY-120406
    PLS-123
    		Inhibitor
    LPS-123 is a covalently irreversible BTK inhibitor with an IC50 of < 5 nM. LPS-123 simultaneously inhibits the catalytic activity of BTK at Tyr551 and its self-activation at Tyr223. LPS-123 inhibits phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, activation of PLCγ2, ERK1/2, p38, AKT, and mTOR, and blocks the production of CCL3 and CCL4 chemokines. LPS-123 exhibits significant anti-proliferative activity against various B-cell lymphoma cell lines and effectively induces apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway. LPS-123 also demonstrates significant antitumor activity in the OCI-Ly7 xenograft model. LPS-123 can be used for lymphoma research.
    PLS-123
  • HY-183250
    eALM1137
    		Inhibitor
    eALM1137 is a mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.8 nM. eALM1137 mediates dual inhibition of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways, and inhibits DNA-PK (IC50=77 nM). eALM1137 exhibits antiproliferative and cytostatic activities, and induces G1 cell cycle arrest. eALM1137 is applicable to the research of glioblastoma multiforme.
    eALM1137
  • HY-176435
    mTOR inhibitor-28
    		Inhibitor
    mTOR inhibitor-28 (SM-3) is a potent mTOR inhibitor. mTOR inhibitor-28 inhibits A549, H292, and H460 cells with IC50s of 72.74, 67.66, and 43.24 μM, respectively.
    mTOR inhibitor-28
  • HY-181925
    FD2024
    		Inhibitor
    FD2024 is a pan-PIM kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.17 nM, 1.86 nM, and 0.38 nM against PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3, respectively. FD2024 induces cell apoptosis. FD2024 inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, S6, 4EBP1, and BAD proteins. FD2024 exhibits anti-acute myeloid leukemia activity. FD2024 can be used in studies related to acute myeloid leukemia.
    FD2024
  • HY-169407
    AKT-IN-24
    		Inhibitor
    KT-IN-24 (Compound M17) is a AKT allosteric inhibitor with anti-tumor activity. KT-IN-24 can target the AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK signaling pathways and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which has a synergistic suppressive effect on TNBC, promoting cell apoptosis while inhibiting proliferation and migration when used in combination with Trametinib (HY-10999).
    AKT-IN-24
  • HY-168893
    K882
    		Inhibitor
    K882 (Compound 4e) is a Src inhibitor, with KD of 0.315 μM. K882 induces Apoptosis. K882 inhibits XIAP and Survivin. K882 inhibits the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Jak1/Stat3, Ras/MAPK signaling pathways. K882 shows anti-tumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer.
    K882
  • HY-146200
    PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor-8
    		Inhibitor
    PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor-8 (Compound 18b) is a PI3K and mTOR dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.46 nM and 12 nM against PI3Kα and mTOR, respectively. PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor-8 induces HCT-116 cells apoptosis and arrests cell cycle at the G1/S phase.
    PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor-8
  • HY-183631
    PM54-1
    		Inhibitor
    PM54 is an antitumor agent with activity across multiple cancer types. PM54 acts as a transcription and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor. PM54 suppresses oncogenic transcriptional programs, and key malignant pathways, while inducing DNA double-strand breaks, S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. PM54 enhances innate immune recognition, remodels the tumor microenvironment. PM54 exhibits antitumor activity as monotherapy or in combination in xenograft models. PM54 is applicable to research on various cancers and advanced solid tumors.
    PM54-1
  • HY-16769
    Panulisib
    		Inhibitor
    Panulisib (P7170; AK151761) is an orally active inhibitor of PI3K (IC50 = 2.2 nM) and mTOR (IC50 = 4.4 nM). Panulisib inhibits ALK1 and DNA-PK, two enzymes that respectively participate in angiogenesis and DNA repair, with IC50 values of 47 nM and 1.5 nM respectively. Panulisib inhibits cell proliferation and apoptosis. Panulisib can be used for research on breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.
    Panulisib
  • HY-183787
    PI3Kα-IN-33
    		Inhibitor
    PI3Kα-IN-33 is an orally active and selective PI3Kα inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.9 nM. PI3Kα-IN-33 blocks the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PI3Kα-IN-33 induces apoptosis and triggers G2/M-phase arrest via Cyclin B1 and CDK1 downregulation. PI3Kα-IN-33 can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
    PI3Kα-IN-33
  • HY-151915
    ATR-IN-20
    		Inhibitor
    ATR-IN-20 is a potent ATR (ATM/ATR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM. ATR-IN-20 possess an inhibitory effect on mTOR (IC50 of 18 nM) while displaying good selectivity against PI3Kα (100 nM), ATM (100 nM), and DNA-PK (662 nM). ATR-IN-20 exhibits excellent pharmacokinetic profile (F = 30%), and has anticancer effects.
    ATR-IN-20
  • HY-178812
    PI3Kα-IN-27
    		Inhibitor
    PI3Kα-IN-27 (Compound 50b) is an orally active PI3K-α inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM. PI3Kα-IN-27 effectively inhibits PAK3, p110α, phospho-mTOR and phospho-ERK1/2. PI3Kα-IN-27 induces early Apoptosis. PI3Kα-IN-27 shows anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer.
    PI3Kα-IN-27
  • HY-161856
    Antifungal agent 106
    		Inhibitor
    Antifungal agent 106 (Compound Z31) is a benzoic acid derivative and a potential fungicide against Monilinia fructicola. Antifungal agent 106 exhibits antifungal activity with an EC50 value of 11.8 mg/L. It affects hyphal growth by disrupting cell membrane integrity, leading to increased membrane permeability and release of intracellular electrolytes. Antifungal agent 106 can be used in research related to brown rot of stone fruits.
    Antifungal agent 106
Art. -Nr. Produktname / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download mTOR Signaling Pathway Map.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals and serves as a central regulator of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival[1]. mTOR is the catalytic subunit of two distinct complexes called mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 comprises DEPTOR, PRAS40, RAPTOR, mLST8, mTOR, whereas mTORC2 comprises DEPTOR, mLST8, PROTOR, RICTOR, mSIN1, mTOR[2]. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and inhibits mTORC1 by disrupting the interaction between mTOR and RAPTOR. mTORC1 negatively regulates autophagy through multiple inputs, including inhibitory phosphorylation of ULK1 and TFEB. mTORC1 promotes protein synthesis through activation of the translation initiation promoter S6K and through inhibition of the inhibitory mRNA cap binding 4E-BP1, and regulates glycolysis through HIF-1α. It promotes de novo lipid synthesis through the SREBP transcription factors. mTORC2 inhibits FOXO1,3 through SGK and Akt, which can lead to increased longevity. The complex also regulates actin cytoskeleton assembly through PKC and Rho kinase[3]. 

 

Growth factors: Growth factors can signal to mTORC1 through both PI3K-Akt and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK axis. For example, ERK and RSK phosphorylate TSC2, and inhibit it.

 

Insulin Receptor: The activated insulin receptor recruits intracellular adaptor protein IRS1. Phosphorylation of these proteins on tyrosine residues by the insulin receptor initiates the recruitment and activation of PI3K. PIP3 acts as a second messenger which promotes the phosphorylation of Akt and triggers the Akt-dependent multisite phosphorylation of TSC2. TSC is a heterotrimeric complex comprised of TSC1, TSC2, and TBC1D7, and functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase Rheb, which directly binds and activates mTORC1. mTORC2 primarily functions as an effector of insulin/PI3K signaling. 

 

Wnt: The Wnt pathway activates mTORC1. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) acts as a negative regulator of mTORC1 by phosphorylating TSC2. mTORC2 is activated by Wnt in a manner dependent on the small GTPase RAC1[4].

 

Amino acids: mTORC1 senses both lysosomal and cytosolic amino acids through distinct mechanisms. Amino acids induce the movement of mTORC1 to lysosomal membranes, where the Rag proteins reside. A complex named Ragulator, interact with the Rag GTPases, recruits them to lysosomes through a mechanism dependent on the lysosomal v-ATPase, and is essential for mTORC1 activation. In turn, lysosomal recruitment enables mTORC1 to interact with GTP-bound RHEB, the end point of growth factor. Cytosolic leucine and arginine signal to mTORC1 through a distinct pathway comprised of the GATOR1 and GATOR2 complexes.    

 

Stresses: mTORC1 responds to intracellular and environmental stresses that are incompatible with growth such as low ATP levels, hypoxia, or DNA damage. A reduction in cellular energy charge, for example during glucose deprivation, activates the stress responsive metabolic regulator AMPK, which inhibits mTORC1 both indirectly, through phosphorylation and activation of TSC2, as well as directly through the phosphorylation of RAPTOR. Sestrin1/2 are two transcriptional targets of p53 that are implicated in the DNA damage response, and they potently activate AMPK, thus mediating the p53-dependent suppression of mTOR activity upon DNA damage. During hypoxia, mitochondrial respiration is impaired, leading to low ATP levels and activation of AMPK. Hypoxia also affects mTORC1 in AMPK-independent ways by inducing the expression of REDD1, the protein products of which then suppress mTORC1 by promoting the assembly of TSC1-TSC2[2].

 

Reference:

[1]. Laplante M, et al.mTOR signaling at a glance.J Cell Sci. 2009 Oct 15;122(Pt 20):3589-94. 
[2]. Zoncu R, et al. mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Jan;12(1):21-35. 
[3]. Johnson SC, et al. mTOR is a key modulator of ageing and age-related disease.Nature. 2013 Jan 17;493(7432):338-45.
[4]. Shimobayashi M, et al. Making new contacts: the mTOR network in metabolism and signalling crosstalk.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Mar;15(3):155-62.

mTOR Isoform Comparison

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