Cat. No.: HY-N2334

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

(Synonyms: Chenodeoxycholylglycine)

9 Cited Publications

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Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) is a relatively toxic bile salt generated in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid inhibits Autophagosome formation and impairs lysosomal function by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis and increasing lysosomal pH in human normal liver cells, leading to the Apoptosis of human hepatocyte cells. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid induces stemness and chemoresistance via activating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is promising for research in the field of cholestasis desease, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

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Pureté: 99.81%
CAS No.: 640-79-9
Formule: C₂₆H₄₃NO₅
Masse moléculaire:449.62

Stockage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 640-79-9

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Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Activité biologique
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
Chemical Information
Publications (9)
Solvant et solubilité
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Pureté et documentation
Références
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Activité biologique

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

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Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
CHO	EC₅₀	3.88 μM Compound: 4b, glyco	Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay	[PMID: 18307294]
HET-1A	CC₅₀	729 μM Compound: 3, TCDCA	Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20713311]

In Vitro

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (0-100 μM, 6 h) significantly increases the amount of dead cells and decreases in LC3, ATG5 and BECN1 expression in human normal liver cells, leading to Autophagosome formation inhibition^[1].
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (5–500 μM, 24 h) exerts no induction or reduction of TGF-β mRNA expression in KMBC cells and LX-2 cells^[2].
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (200 μM, 24 h and 48 h) enhances stemness and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway, suppressing the expression of apoptotic genes (Bcl10, Caspase 3, Caspase 4, Tp53, BAD) and increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl2, Bcl-xl and IL10)^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

RT-PCR^[1]

Cell Line:

Human normal liver cells
Concentration:

0-100 μM
Incubation Time:

6 h
Result:

Decreased the TFE3 levels in a dose-dependent manner in human normal liver cells.

Apoptosis Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

Huh7 and LM3 cell lines
Concentration:

200 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h and 48 h
Result:

Suppressed the expression of apoptotic genes (Bcl10, Caspase 3, Caspase 4, Tp53, BAD) and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl2, Bcl-xl and Il10) in Huh7 and LM3 cell lines. Increased the cell viability and promoted chemoresistance treated with 5-FU (HY-90006) (120 µg/mL) and cisplatinin (10 µg/mL) in Huh7 and LM3 cell lines.

Cell Autophagy Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

L02 cells
Concentration:

100 μM
Incubation Time:

6 h
Result:

Significantly reduced GFP-LC3 puncta and decreased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), autophagy related 5 (ATG5) and beclin 1 (BECN1) expression in L02 cells.

RT-PCR^[2]

Cell Line:

KMBC cells
Concentration:

5–500 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Unaltered TGF-β mRNA expression in KMBC cells and LX-2 cells.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 640-79-9
Appearance Solid
Masse moléculaire 449.62
Formule C₂₆H₄₃NO₅
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@@]12[C@](CC[C@]2([H])[C@H](C)CCC(NCC(O)=O)=O)([H])[C@@]3([H])[C@]([C@@]4([C@](C[C@H](O)CC4)([H])C[C@H]3O)C)([H])CC1
Synonyms

Chenodeoxycholylglycine
Structure Classification
- Steroids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (9)

All RT-PCR

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Journal Impact Factor

Adv Sci (Weinh)

Targeting FDFT1 Reduces Cholesterol and Bile Acid Production and Delays Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through the HNF4A/ALDOB/AKT1 Axis. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 3:e2411719. PMID: 39899681

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb 3:e2411719. [Abstract]

The mRNA levels of ALDOB in Huh7 or HCCLM3 cells treated with various bile acids (100 μM, 24 h). All data are presented as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple-comparison correction. CA, cholic acid; TCA, taurocholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; GLCA, glycolithocholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

Glutathione-Chitosan Modified Methyl Eugenol Liposomes Promote Spinal Cord Injury Repair by Alleviating Neuroinflammation. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 3;18(21):29739-29755. PMID: 42176032
Hepatol Int

Bile acids induce liver fibrosis through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and the mechanism of FXR inhibition of NLRP3 activation. [Abstract]

2024 Jun;18(3):1040-1052. PMID: 38172440
J Agric Food Chem

Protein-Free Diet Aggravates Food Allergy Response via the Consumption of Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid in a Murine Model. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 26. PMID: 42360286
Food Funct

Association between daidzein metabolism to equol and fecal bile acid profiles in young women. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 22. PMID: 42329218
Biomolecules

Significant Reduction of Chenodeoxycholic Acid and Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid in the Elderly with Severe COVID-19. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 28;15(7):943. PMID: 40723815

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomolecules. 2025 Jun 28;15(7):943. [Abstract]

SARS-CoV-2-stimulated THP-1 cells were treated with 10 μM or 20 μM Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) for 24 h. The intracellular mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and CXCL5 were measured by RT–qPCR.
Discov Oncol

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 promotes the onset and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 11;14(1):4. PMID: 36631680
bioRxiv

Bile acid chemosensation in mammals supports species and gut microbiome evaluation. [Abstract]

2026 May 5:2026.04.30.721772. PMID: 42146479
SSRN

2022 Jan 26.

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (222.41 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Methanol : 100 mg/mL (222.41 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.2241 mL

11.1205 mL

22.2410 mL

5 mM

0.4448 mL

2.2241 mL

4.4482 mL

10 mM

0.2224 mL

1.1121 mL

2.2241 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Calculateur de molarité

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Calculateur de dilution

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.56 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.56 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.56 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Pureté et documentation

Select Batch:

Pureté: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Fiche technique (278 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Lan W, et al. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid impairs transcription factor E3 -dependent autophagy-lysosome machinery by disrupting reactive oxygen species homeostasis in L02 cells[J]. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Oct 1;331:11-21. [Content Brief]

[2]. Wang A, et al. Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid Does Not Increase Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Expression in Bile Duct Epithelial Cells or Collagen Synthesis in Myofibroblasts[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2017 Dec;7(4):316-320. [Content Brief]

[3]. Gonzalez B, et al. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC) induced hepatocyte apoptosis is associated with early modulation of intracellular PKC activity. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000 Apr;207(1-2):19-27. [Content Brief]

[4]. Shi C, et al. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid induces stemness and chemoresistance via the STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells[J]. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Aug 3;12(15):15546-15555. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / Methanol	1 mM	2.2241 mL	11.1205 mL	22.2410 mL	55.6025 mL
	5 mM	0.4448 mL	2.2241 mL	4.4482 mL	11.1205 mL
	10 mM	0.2224 mL	1.1121 mL	2.2241 mL	5.5603 mL
	15 mM	0.1483 mL	0.7414 mL	1.4827 mL	3.7068 mL
	20 mM	0.1112 mL	0.5560 mL	1.1121 mL	2.7801 mL
	25 mM	0.0890 mL	0.4448 mL	0.8896 mL	2.2241 mL
	30 mM	0.0741 mL	0.3707 mL	0.7414 mL	1.8534 mL
	40 mM	0.0556 mL	0.2780 mL	0.5560 mL	1.3901 mL
	50 mM	0.0445 mL	0.2224 mL	0.4448 mL	1.1121 mL
	60 mM	0.0371 mL	0.1853 mL	0.3707 mL	0.9267 mL
	80 mM	0.0278 mL	0.1390 mL	0.2780 mL	0.6950 mL
	100 mM	0.0222 mL	0.1112 mL	0.2224 mL	0.5560 mL

Keywords

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

9 Cited Publications

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Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Endogenous Metabolite

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform STAT

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Interleukin Related

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Caspase

Activité biologique

Chemical Information

Publications (9)

Solvant et solubilité

Pureté et documentation

Références

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid Related Classifications

HY-N2334 Related Classifications