2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-112749
    ME-344
    		Inducer 99.80%
    ME-344 is an Isoflavone. ME-344 increases mitochondrial ROS generation. ME-344 inhibits tubulin polymerization. ME-344 inhibits HO-1 and impacts its mitochondrial translocation. ME-344 induces Apoptosis through Caspase 3 activation. ME-344 synergizes with Vinblastine in leukemia cells. ME-344 displays anti-tumor activity against leukemia and lung tumor. ME-344 can be used in the research of lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and HER2-negative breast cancer.
    ME-344
  • HY-13413
    Tofogliflozin hydrate
    		Inhibitor 98.38%
    Tofogliflozin hydrate (CSG-452 hydrate) is a potent and highly specific sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.9 nM and Ki values of 2.9 nM, 14.9 nM, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2. Tofogliflozin partially inhibits high glucose-induced reactive oxyen species (ROS) generation in tubular cells.
    Tofogliflozin hydrate
  • HY-N0337S
    Eugenol-d3
    		98.52%
    Eugenol-d3 is the deuterium labeled Eugenol. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
    Eugenol-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0914A
    10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt (Undecylenic acid zinc salt) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt
  • HY-N0363
    (+)-Columbianetin
    		Inhibitor 99.04%
    (+)-Columbianetin ((S)-Columbianetin) acts as an inhibitor of JNK/ERK. (+)-Columbianetin inhibits UVA-induced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, reduces the production of MMP-1, reverses UVA-induced Collagen (HY-NP003) degradation, and alleviates UVA-mediated inhibition of Smad2/3 phosphorylation and translocation. (+)-Columbianetin regulates the AP-1 and ASK1-MAPK signaling pathways, inhibits the production of ROS and blocks sub-G1 cell cycle arrest. (+)-Columbianetin is applicable to research related to skin aging.
    (+)-Columbianetin
  • HY-B2046
    Simazine
    		Inducer 99.44%
    Simazine is a triazine herbicide. Simazine is widely used in agriculture, potted plant and tree production. In addition, Simazine can induce the apoptosis of immune cells in the spleen of mice and inhibit the proliferation of B cells and T cells in mice.
    Simazine
  • HY-N0439R
    Asiaticoside (Standard)
    Asiaticoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Asiaticoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties.
    Asiaticoside (Standard)
  • HY-171955
    LXG6403
    		Inducer 99.85%
    LXG6403 is an orally active and irreversible LOX inhibitor (IC50 = 1.3 μM). LXG6403 is ~3.5-fold more specific for LOX than LOXL2 and does not inhibit LOXL1. LXG6403 inhibits FAK signaling and induces ROS generation and DNA damage, leading to G1 arrest and apoptosis in chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. LXG6403 alters the extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen structure, reducing collagen cross-linking and deposition, thereby increasing drug penetration and reducing tumor stiffness. LXG6403 overcomes Doxorubicin (HY-15142) resistance in chemoresistant TNBC PDX in vivo and can be used to study high-stiffness resistant tumors.
    LXG6403
  • HY-107368
    Sulcotrione
    		99.89%
    Sulcotrione is a β-triketone herbicide which can inhibit hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).
    Sulcotrione
  • HY-172942
    SP11
    		Inhibitor 98.91%
    SP11 is a mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.4 μM. SP11 binds only to activated Fis1 by engaging Cys41. SP11 preserves mitochondrial integrity and function during oxidative stress, inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial fragmentation, and Drp1 mitochondrial translocation. SP11 can be used for the research of parkinson’s disease.
    SP11
  • HY-N3243
    Moracin P
    		Inhibitor 99.62%
    Moracin P is a 2-arylbenzofuran isolated from the Mori Cortex Radicis. Moracin P exhibits potent in vitro inhibitory activity against hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1). Moracin P reduces oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moracin P has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Moracin P
  • HY-N4244
    Kakkalide
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Kakkalide is an isoflavone derived from the flowers of Pueraria lobata. Kakkalide ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated inflammation.
    Kakkalide
  • HY-N2445
    Flavokawain C
    		Activator 99.79%
    Flavokawain C is an orally active natural chalcone. Flavokawain C inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells. Flavokawain C upregulates GADD153 in cancer cells, inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt and JNK, suppresses early ERK phosphorylation, activates late ERK phosphorylation, activates caspase related subtypes, induces PARP-1 cleavage, causes upregulation of p21 and p27, downregulation of mutant p53 and anti-apoptotic IAP proteins, elevates intracellular ROS levels, reduces SOD activity, and induces apoptosis. Flavokawain C downregulates FABP4, induces autophagy in cancer cells, and activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Flavokawain C decreases the expression of glycolysis-related proteins GLUT1 and HK2, and inhibits glycolysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Flavokawain C inhibits the activation of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces the expression of HSP90B1. Flavokawain C inhibits angiogenesis by decreasing the expression of angiogenic proteins Ang-1 and VEGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Flavokawain C increases γ-H2AX levels in cells, inhibits the phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K and AKT in cells, and induces DNA damage in cells. Flavokawain C exerts anti-tumor activity in multiple tumor xenograft mouse models. Flavokawain C is applicable to research related to colorectal cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, nephroblastoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and liver cancer.
    Flavokawain C
  • HY-100607A
    Landiolol hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Landiolol (ONO1101) hydrochloride is a highly selective, ultra-short-acting competitive inhibitor of β1 adrenergic receptors. Landiolol hydrochloride specifically blocks cardiac β1 receptors, reducing heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption. Landiolol hydrochloride inhibits TNF-α-induced excessive mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species production in a sepsis model, alleviating renal injury. Landiolol hydrochloride has little effect on cardiac ion channels (such as L-type calcium current and inward rectifier potassium current) and has a weak negative inotropic effect. Landiolol hydrochloride can be used for perioperative tachycardia control and protection studies of sepsis-related acute kidney injury.
    Landiolol hydrochloride
  • HY-157629
    1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE
    		Inhibitor 99.13%
    1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (PAPE), a compound isolated from egg yolk with antioxidant activity related to the unsaturated fatty acid content, was extracted, purified, and analyzed by various techniques.
    1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE
  • HY-N5124
    Meloside A
    		Inhibitor 98.72%
    Meloside A (Isovitexin 2''-O-glucoside) is a flavonoid with antioxidant activity. Meloside A can inhibit cell apoptosis and ROS production. Meloside A can inhibit androgen receptor (AR) nuclear translocation and AR protein expression. Meloside A can reduce IL-6, TGF-β1 and DKK-1 levels. Meloside A can be used for the researches of inflammation and endocrinology, such as hair loss.
    Meloside A
  • HY-136706
    Luciferase-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.60%
    Luciferase-IN-1 is a luciferase inhibitor.
    Luciferase-IN-1
  • HY-B0314
    Talc
    		Inducer
    Talc, a naturally occurring mineral composed primarily of magnesium, silicon and oxygen, is used in many cosmetics, from baby powder to blush.
    Talc
  • HY-108296
    Pirenoxine
    		Inhibitor
    Pirenoxine (Catalin K) is a potent antioxidant. Pirenoxine shows anti-presbyopic activity. Pirenoxine has the potential for the research of cataracts.
    Pirenoxine
  • HY-128972
    Purpurin 18
    Purpurin 18, a derivative of chlorophyll and a type of dihydroporphyrin, is used to produce photosensitizers. Purpurin 18 photodynamic therapy can induce cell apoptosis and has anti-tumor activity.
    Purpurin 18
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity