Propylparaben
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antibacterial preservative that can be produced by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is an orally active weak estrogen receptor agonist. Propylparaben regulates the PI3K-AKT and JNK signaling pathways, and induces oxidative stress. Propylparaben is commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods, and can be used in studies related to ovarian aging and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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- Reinheit: 99.96%
- CAS. Nr.: 94-13-3
- Formel: C10H12O3
- Molecular Weight:180.20
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Speicherung:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Propylparaben
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Biologische Aktivität
Propylparaben shows weak estrogenic activity, with a potency approximately 30,000-fold less than 17β-estradiol[1].
Propylparaben disrupts follicular growth and steroidogenic function by altering cell cycle, apoptosis and steroidogenic pathways[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Propylparaben (7.5 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 8 months) significantly alters the estrous cycle, hormone levels and ovarian reserve, and accelerated ovarian aging in mice[6].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Crj:Wistar rats (male, 19-21 days old, 52.5 g) fed with slightly modified AIN93G diet[1]
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Dosage:0; 0.01; 0.1; 1% in diet
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Administration:dietary; continuous; 28 days
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Result:Reduced final body weight slightly but significantly at 1.00% dietary concentration.
Decreased cauda epididymal sperm reserves and sperm concentrations in a dose-dependent manner.
Decreased daily sperm production (DSP) and sperm production efficiency in the testes in a dose-dependent manner.
Decreased serum testosterone concentration in a dose-dependent manner, with a significant reduction to 64.6% of the control value at the 1.00% dietary concentration.
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Animal Model:Cycling wild-type female Swiss mice[5]
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Dosage:7.5 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; daily for 8 months
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Result:Significantly altered the estrous cycle, hormone levels and ovarian reserve.
Accelerated ovarian aging of female mice.
Chemical Information
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CAS. Nr. 94-13-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 180.20
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Formel C10H12O3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(OCCC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1
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Synonyms
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate; Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Versand
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Speicherung
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
A combined study of network-based prediction and in vitro experimental validation on the procarcinogenic mechanism of propylparaben in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. [Abstract]2025 Dec 3:309:119504. PMID: 41344141
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (554.94 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Konzentration (Stammlösung) × Volumen (Stammlösung) = Konzentration (Ziellösung) × Volumen (Ziellösung)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.54 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.54 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Reinheit & Dokumentation
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Data Sheet (276 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
Verweise
[1]. S Oishi, et al. Effects of propyl paraben on the male reproductive system. Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Dec;40(12):1807-13. [Content Brief]
[2]. Final amended report on the safety assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, and Benzylparaben as used in cosmetic products. Int J Toxicol. 2008;27 Suppl 4:1-82. [Content Brief]
[3]. Ji X, et al. Propyl paraben inhibits voltage-dependent sodium channels and protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci. 2004 Apr 30;74(24):3043-52. [Content Brief]
[4]. Yan W, et al. Chronic exposure to propylparaben at the humanly relevant dose triggers ovarian aging in adult mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Apr 15;235:113432. [Content Brief]
[5]. Gal A, et al. Propylparaben inhibits mouse cultured antral follicle growth, alters steroidogenesis, and upregulates levels of cell-cycle and apoptosis regulators. Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Oct;89:100-106. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 5.5494 mL | 27.7469 mL | 55.4939 mL | 138.7347 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.1099 mL | 5.5494 mL | 11.0988 mL | 27.7469 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5549 mL | 2.7747 mL | 5.5494 mL | 13.8735 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3700 mL | 1.8498 mL | 3.6996 mL | 9.2490 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2775 mL | 1.3873 mL | 2.7747 mL | 6.9367 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2220 mL | 1.1099 mL | 2.2198 mL | 5.5494 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1850 mL | 0.9249 mL | 1.8498 mL | 4.6245 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1387 mL | 0.6937 mL | 1.3873 mL | 3.4684 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1110 mL | 0.5549 mL | 1.1099 mL | 2.7747 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0925 mL | 0.4624 mL | 0.9249 mL | 2.3122 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0694 mL | 0.3468 mL | 0.6937 mL | 1.7342 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0555 mL | 0.2775 mL | 0.5549 mL | 1.3873 mL |
- Propylparaben
- 94-13-3
- Propyl parahydroxybenzoate
- Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Estrogen Receptor/ERR
- Bacterial
- Sodium Channel
- PI3K
- JNK
- Akt
- Apoptosis
- oxidative stress
- estrus cycles
- antral follicle
- JNK signaling pathways
- PI3K-AKT signaling pathways
- ovarian reserve
- sperm
- androgen receptors
- estrogen receptors
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit