Asthma

Platycodin D3 is a triterpenoid saponin that can be found in Platycodon grandiflorum. Platycodin D3 exhibits multiple activities including anti-inflammation, regulation of airway mucus secretion, improvement of asthmatic airway inflammation and remodeling, and inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. The IC₅₀ value of Platycodin D3 against HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is 8 μg/mL. Platycodin D3 can be used in studies related to asthma, hepatitis C virus infection and inflammatory diseases.

Rademikibart (CBP-201) is a human monoclonal antibody targeting IL-4Rα and IL-4Rα inhibitor with a K_D of 20.7 pM when binding to human IL-4Rα epitopes. Rademikibart does not bind to IL-4Rα from other species. Rademikibart inhibits IL-4 and IL-13-mediated STAT6 signaling, TF-1 cell proliferation and thymus activation regulated chemokine (TRAC) production. Rademikibart can be used for the research of atopic dermatitis and asthma.

Reproterol is a selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist and cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Reproterol inhibits adenylate cyclase-induced phosphodiesterase activity. Reproterol inhibits histamine release from mast cells. Reproterol is applicable to research related to asthma.

Resolvin E2 ((-)-Resolvin E2) is an endogenous lipid mediator produced from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) under the catalysis of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and its production increases in hypoxic environments. Resolvin E2 antagonizes BLT1, partially activates ChemR23, and promotes ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of COX-2. Resolvin E2 reduces the production of prostaglandin E₂, blocks polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, and promotes the resolution of airway inflammation. Resolvin E2 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HY-D1056)-induced depressive-like behaviors. Resolvin E2 can be used in research related to depression, murine peritonitis, neonatal asthma, and other conditions.

Oxyphenonium bromide is an orally effective competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist. Oxyphenonium bromide competitively binds to and blocks mAChR, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic pathway. By inhibiting CHRM4, Oxyphenonium bromide increases cAMP levels and activates the CREB transcriptional program, thereby promoting erythroid progenitor cell expansion. Oxyphenonium bromide can be used in research on asthma, anemia, and gastric ulcers.

Sophoranone ((-)-Sophoranone; Sophoranon) is an orally active competitive inhibitor of CYP2C9 (IC₅₀ = 0.966 μM) and CYP3A4. Sophoranone is a prenylated flavonoid isolated from the roots of Sophora subprostrata. Sophoranone induces apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and opening the mitochondrial channel, while upregulating myogenic genes to promote muscle regeneration. Sophoranone can be used for research on asthma, leukemia, and paralytic strabismus.

Caerulomycin A is an orally active immunomodulator and antimicrobial agent. Caerulomycin A targets Smad3, STAT1 and GATA-3. Caerulomycin A downregulates GATA-3 expression, inhibits Th2 cell differentiation and Th2 cytokine production, reduces IgE levels, and alleviates pulmonary inflammatory responses and eosinophil infiltration. Caerulomycin A ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis symptoms, reduces joint inflammation and synovitis, and decreases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in joints. Caerulomycin A inhibits the growth of some filamentous fungi, yeasts and specific bacteria. Caerulomycin A can be used in research related to arthritis and asthma.

13,14-Dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2 (DK-PGD2; 15-Oxo-13,14-dihydro-PGD2; 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGD2) is a metabolite of Prostaglandin D2 (HY-101988) and acts as a CRTH2 agonist. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2 exhibits binding activity to CRTH2, induces cellular calcium signaling flux, and mediates eosinophilia in vivo. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2 activates the CRTH2 receptor, triggering G_i-dependent intracellular calcium mobilization and promoting the migration and recruitment of leukocytes from bone marrow to peripheral blood in vivo. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2 is used in research on inflammation-related diseases, such as bronchial asthma.

HD-TAC7 is a selective HDAC3 PROTAC degrader with an IC₅₀ of 1.1 μM. By recruiting the CRBN E3 ligase, HD-TAC7 induces ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and selective downregulation of HDAC3, which in turn increases H3K27 acetylation levels and downregulates the NF-κB subunit p65, exerting anti-inflammatory activity. HD-TAC7 is used in research on COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and colon cancer.

DL-Glutamine ((±)-Glutamine; DL-Gl) is an amino acid metabolite. DL-Glutamine is a plasma metabolic biomarker associated with Treg/Th17 balance in an OVA-induced eosinophilic asthma mouse model. DL-glutamine positively correlates with muscle quality parameters such as muscle water-holding capacity and shear force, and negatively correlates with oxidative stress markers and apoptotic gene expression. DL-Glutamine is associated with periodontal pathogens and oral microbial communities in saliva/serum. DL-Glutamine can be used in research related to asthma, muscle quality, and periodontal disease.

trans-Tranilast (trans-MK-341) is an isomer of Tranilast (HY-B0195), and an anti-allergy agent used in studies of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.

Leukotriene E4-d₅ (LTE4-d₅) is the d-₅-labeled Leukotriene E4 (HY-113465). Leukotriene E4 is a stable final metabolite of cysteinyl leukotrienes, produced by immune cells such as mast cells and eosinophils. Leukotriene E4 serves as a key biomarker for evaluating asthma severity, Aspirin (HY-14654) sensitivity, and mast cell activation disorders. Leukotriene E4 is a full functional agonist of CysLT₁R, which induces sustained intracellular calcium mobilization and Erk phosphorylation. Leukotriene E4 mediates inflammation in a P2Y₁₂ receptor-dependent manner. Leukotriene E4 can be used in the research of asthma and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory diseases.

Lyn peptide inhibitor (YGYRLRRKWEEKIPNP-NH₂) is a potent, cell-permeable Lyn kinase inhibitor that inhibits Lyn-coupled signaling pathways associated with the IL-5 receptor while preserving the integrity of other signals. Lyn peptide inhibitor blocks the activation of Lyn and inhibits the binding of Lyn tyrosine kinase to the βc subunit of the IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 receptor. Lyn peptide inhibitor can be used in the research of eosinophilic diseases such as asthma and allergy.

Abrezekimab (UCB4144; VR 942) is a humanized, high-affinity, neutralizing anti-human-IL-13 antibody fragment that binds to IL-13. Abrezekimab prevents IL-13 binding to the IL-13 Rα1 subunit. Abrezekimab can be used for the research of asthma.

ABM-125 is a IL-25 neutralizer and immune response modulator. ABM-125 neutralizes human and mouse IL-25 and blocks type 2 immune activation function. ABM-125 regulates virus-induced inflammatory cytokine expression and increases the expression level of antiviral interferons in rhinovirus-infected asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells. For the isotype control of ABM-125, refer to Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99001). ABM-125 is applicable to research related to virus-induced acute asthma exacerbations.

Frevecitinib (KN-002; VR-588) is a lung-selective pan-JAKs (i.e., JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2) inhibitor. Frevecitinib reduces sputum eosinophil levels. Frevecitinib reduces fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels. Frevecitinib is used for the research of moderate-to-severe asthma.

N-Methyl Leukotriene C4 (N-Methyl-LTC4) is a non-metabolizable LTC4 analog and a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLT2) agonist, with an EC₅₀ of 46.1 nM for mouse CysLT2 and an EC₅₀ value of 122.3 nM for human CysLT2. N-Methyl Leukotriene C4 shows low potency against CysLT1. N-Methyl Leukotriene C4 activates human and mouse CysLT2 receptors, triggering calcium signaling, β-arrestin-2 binding to phosphorylated receptors, vascular leakage, hypotension, tachycardia, contraction of guinea pig ileum and trachea, mild bronchoconstriction, as well as hypertension associated with peripheral vasoconstriction. N-Methyl Leukotriene C4 can be used in research on asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, cerebral inflammation and edema, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.

MK-0873 is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of < 38 nM. MK-0873 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α production. MK-0873 suppresses bronchoconstriction. MK-0873 is applicable to research related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, plaque psoriasis and asthma.

15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin D2 (15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-PGD2) is a metabolite of prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) (HY-101988), which can undergo further dehydration metabolism to 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ₂. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin D2 is a highly selective agonist for DP2 receptor and PPARγ. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin D2 causes morphological changes in eosinophils and migration of type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin D2 has a growth inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cells expressing PPARγ, induces cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin D2 can be used in related research on asthma and prostate cancer.

APG808 (PR001) is an anti-human IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody. APG808 binds to IL-4Rα, prevents IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα heterodimer formation, and disrupts IL-13 and IL-4 mediated signaling. APG808 ablates Fc and complement effector functions. APG808 can be used for the research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, atopic dermatitis.