Cat. No.: HY-18234A

Leupeptin hemisulfate

Name: Leupeptin hemisulfate
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-18234A
Price: 60.00 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (68 reviews)

68 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 68 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Leupeptin hemisulfate is a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor. By inhibiting the activation of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB/ERK1/2/p38 signaling pathway, Leupeptin hemisulfate significantly reduces LPS-induced NO and ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, phagocytic activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and M1 polarization in mouse peritoneal macrophages, and reverses autophagic flux impairment. It also decreases Concanavalin A (HY-P2149)-induced proliferation index of mouse splenic lymphocytes and the Th1/IL-10 and Th2/IL-10 cytokine ratios, thereby modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Leupeptin hemisulfate inhibits blood coagulation and tumorigenesis in mouse skin. Leupeptin hemisulfate can be used in research on chronic inflammatory diseases and skin tumorigenesis.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity : 98.36%
CAS No.: 103476-89-7
Formula: C₂₀H₃₈N₆O₄.1/2H₂SO₄
Molecular Weight:475.59

Storage:

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Leupeptin hemisulfate Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 103476-89-7

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (68)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro

127.2 μM (IC₅₀)

Kallikrein

70-75 μg/mL (IC₅₀)

Plasmin

6-100 μg/mL (IC₅₀)

Thrombokinase

15-18 μg/mL (IC₅₀)

papain

0.03-0.51 μg/mL (IC₅₀)

trypsin

0.1-136 μg/mL (IC₅₀)

PI3K

ERK1

NF-κB

iNOS

Akt

HTRA1

COX-2

Threonine Protease

Cysteine Protease

ERK2

LC3B

Beclin-1

p62

Arg 1

Msr 1

Mrc−1

p-PTEN

All Cathepsin Isoforms :

All NO Synthase Isoforms :

All COX Isoforms :

All NF-κB Isoforms :

All PI3K Isoforms :

All Akt Isoforms :

All p38 MAPK Isoforms :

All ERK Isoforms :

In Vitro

Leupeptin (50-200 µM; 3.5 h) hemisulfate significantly reduces LPS-induced NO and ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, phagocytic activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and M1 polarization in mouse peritoneal macrophages, and reverses autophagic flux impairment, with its mechanism associated with the inhibition of PTEN/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB/ERK1/2/p38 signaling pathway activation^[1].
Leupeptin (50-200 µM; 48 h) hemisulfate reduces the Con-A (Concanavalin A) (HY-P2149)-induced proliferation index of mouse splenic lymphocytes and significantly decreases the Th1/IL-10 and Th2/IL-10 cytokine ratios, thereby modulating adaptive immune responses^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Immunofluorescence^[1]

Cell Line:

Peritoneal macrophages
Concentration:

50 μM; 100 μM; 200 μM
Incubation Time:

3.5 h
Result:

Reduced LPS-induced intracellular ROS accumulation.
Reversed LPS-induced mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization.
Reduced LPS-enhanced macrophage phagocytic activity.

ELISA Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

Peritoneal macrophages
Concentration:

50 μM; 100 μM; 200 μM
Incubation Time:

3.5 h
Result:

Reduced the LPS-induced increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-6.

RT-PCR^[1]

Cell Line:

Peritoneal macrophages
Concentration:

50 μM; 100 μM; 200 μM
Incubation Time:

3.5 h
Result:

Reduced the LPS-induced elevation of iNOS, Cox-2, IL-17, IL-15, and IL-5 mRNA levels.
Reduced LPS-induced mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

Peritoneal macrophages
Concentration:

50 μM; 100 μM; 200 μM
Incubation Time:

3.5 h
Result:

Reduced the LPS-induced elevations of p-PTEN, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-NF-κB, p-ERK1/2, and p-p38.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

Splenic lymphocytes
Concentration:

50 μM; 100 μM; 200 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Reduced the Con-A-induced lymphocyte proliferation index.

ELISA Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

Splenic lymphocytes
Concentration:

50 μM; 100 μM; 200 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Reduced Con-A-induced levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, as well as the TNF-α/IL-10 and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios.

In Vivo

Leupeptin (9-40 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose) hemisulfate induces dose- and time-dependent accumulation of LC3b-II, LC3a-II, and p62 in mouse organs, with the greatest and most sustained response in liver, and increases late autophagosome/lysosomal compartment area to enable quantitative measurement of macroautophagic flux^[3].
Leupeptin (40 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose; sacrificed 3 h post-injection) hemisulfate detects a 45% increase in macroautophagic flux in calorie-starved mouse liver and significant suppression of flux in refed mouse liver, with a 3-hour flux value of 53.94 ng/mg total protein in starved mice^[3].
Leupeptin (40 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose; sacrificed 60 min or 180 min post-injection) hemisulfate detects a significant reduction in p62 flux (but not statistically significant reduction in LC3b-II flux) in beclin 1^+/- mouse liver compared to wild-type littermates, with an 180-minute p62 flux value of 18 ng/mg total protein in heterozygous mice^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6NCrl (male, 6-8 weeks old, 20-25 g)^[3]
Dosage:

9 mg/kg; 18 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg; 36 mg/kg; 40 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; single dose; sacrificed 1 h, 4 h, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 180 min, or 240 min post-injection; administered 60 min prior to cycloheximide injection, sacrificed 60 min post-cycloheximide injection
Result:

Produced a dose-dependent increase in LC3b-II levels in mouse liver total extracts and lysosome-enriched (LE) fractions, with the 36 mg/kg dose inducing the strongest signal.
Led to time-dependent LC3b-II accumulation across multiple organs, with liver reaching 69.1 ng/mg total protein in LE fractions at 60 min, a flux of 42.1 ng/mg total protein, and spleen reaching 37.1 ng/mg total protein in LE fractions at 60 min, a flux of 11.0 ng/mg total protein.
Increased LC3a-II and p62 levels in liver LE fractions, but did not increase levels of GABARAP or GATE-16.
Induced a 6.88-fold increase in cross-sectional area of late autophagosome/lysosomal compartments in hepatocytes (from 0.36% to 2.50% of total cytoplasmic area; p = 0.013), with this increase correlating with LC3b-II levels in LE fractions (R² = 0.7741).
Increased LC3b-II and LC3a-II content in dense, lysosome-enriched fractions of lung homogenates.
Stabilized LC3b-II and LC3a-II levels in liver LE fractions (but not cytosolic fractions) following cycloheximide-induced translational inhibition.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6NCrl (male, 6-8 weeks old, 20-25 g)^[3]
Dosage:

40 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; single dose; sacrificed 1 h or 3 h post-injection
Result:

Induced an LC3b-II flux of 37.21 ng/mg total protein at 3 h post-injection in ad libitum-fed mice.
Induced an LC3b-II flux of 53.94 ng/mg total protein at 3 h post-injection in calorie-starved mice, representing a 45% increase compared to ad libitum-fed mice (p = 0.04).
Induced an LC3b-II flux of only 3.00 ng/mg total protein at 3 h post-injection in refed mice, significantly suppressed compared to ad libitum-fed mice (p < 0.001).

Animal Model:

Beclin 1+/+; beclin 1+/- (male, 6-8 weeks old)^[3]
Dosage:

40 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; single dose; sacrificed 60 min or 180 min post-injection
Result:

Showed an LC3b-II flux of ~25 ng/mg total protein in beclin 1+/- mice at 60 min post-injection, compared to ~38 ng/mg total protein in beclin 1+/+ mice (no statistical significance reported).
Showed an LC3b-II flux of ~56 ng/mg total protein in beclin 1+/- mice at 180 min post-injection, compared to ~73 ng/mg total protein in beclin 1+/+ mice (no statistical significance reported).
Showed a p62 flux of ~4 ng/mg total protein in beclin 1+/- mice at 60 min post-injection, compared to ~2 ng/mg total protein in beclin 1+/+ mice.
Showed a p62 flux of ~18 ng/mg total protein in beclin 1+/- mice at 180 min post-injection, compared to ~35 ng/mg total protein in beclin 1+/+ mice (p < 0.05).

Chemical Information

CAS No. 103476-89-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 475.59
Formula C₂₀H₃₈N₆O₄.1/2H₂SO₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C[C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC(C)=O)CC(C)C)=O)CC(C)C)=O)CCCNC(N)=N.[0.5H2SO4]
Sequence Shortening

Ac-LLR-CHO
Structure Classification
- Others
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Streptomyces roseus MB-26-AI
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (68)

All WB

Sort by:

Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

Selective depletion of tumor-associated SAMHD1 enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy and antitumor immune responses. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. PMID: 41392286
Nature

Dopamine reuptake and inhibitory mechanisms in human dopamine transporter. [Abstract]

2024 Aug;632(8025):686-694. PMID: 39112701
Nature

Transport and inhibition mechanisms of the human noradrenaline transporter. [Abstract]

2024 Aug;632(8026):930-937. PMID: 39085602
Nature

A tripartite rheostat controls self-regulated host plant resistance to insects. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;618(7966):799-807. PMID: 37316670
J Hematol Oncol

METTL16-SENP3-LTF axis confers ferroptosis resistance and facilitates tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 2;17(1):78. PMID: 39218945

Leupeptin hemisulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Hematol Oncol. 2024 Sep 2;17(1):78. [Abstract]

The LTF expression was detected under MG132 (10 μM) or Leupeptin (100 μM) treatment.
Cell

Unveiling conformation-selective regulation of the norepinephrine transporter. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 26;188(24):6861-6872.e14. PMID: 41138730
Nat Biotechnol

A rapid imaging-based screen for induced-proximity degraders identifies a potent degrader of oncoprotein SKP2. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 10. PMID: 40931108
Cell Res

Structural basis of augmenting taurine uptake by the taurine transporter in alleviating cellular senescence. [Abstract]

2025 May;35(5):385-388. PMID: 40108449
Autophagy

Chaperone-mediated autophagy reprograms heterogeneous subsets of activated macrophages in immune thrombocytopenia. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 26:1-17. PMID: 42329073
Autophagy

Dysfunctional autophagy triggers STING1 activation to exacerbate cartilage degeneration in obesity-associated osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;21(12):3344-3360. PMID: 40728163
Autophagy

Impaired degradation of PLCG1 by chaperone-mediated autophagy promotes cellular senescence and intervertebral disc degeneration. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;21(2):352-373. PMID: 39212196

Leupeptin hemisulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Autophagy. 2025 Feb;21(2):352-373. [Abstract]

Immunoblotting showing the level of PLCG1 in NPC after treatment with Leu (10 μM), NH4Cl (20 mM), or their combination for 12 h. Right panels represent normalized (/NC) band intensities of interest.

Leupeptin hemisulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Autophagy. 2025 Feb;21(2):352-373. [Abstract]

Western blot showing PLCG1 levels in NPC treated with a combination of Leu (10 μM) and NH4Cl (N/L) for 3, 6, and 9 h. Right panels represent normalized (/NC) band intensities of interest.
Autophagy

PLK2-mediated phosphorylation of SQSTM1 S349 promotes aggregation of polyubiquitinated proteins upon proteasomal dysfunction. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;20(10):2221-2237. PMID: 39316746
Autophagy

Mice deficient in UXT exhibit retinitis pigmentosa-like features via aberrant autophagy activation. [Abstract]

2021 Aug;17(8):1873-1888. PMID: 32744119

Leupeptin hemisulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Autophagy. 2021 Aug;17(8):1873-1888. [Abstract]

661 W cells were transfected with the indicated siRNA for 24 h. Then, 661 W cells were treated with 10 μg/ml Leupeptin for 24 h. Cell lysates were collected for western blot analysis of LC3B and GAPDH.
Autophagy

Discovery of a potent SCAP degrader that ameliorates HFD-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance via an autophagy-independent lysosomal pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Jul;17(7):1592-1613. PMID: 32432943
Nat Commun

PRDX1 promotes testosterone synthesis and attenuates aging via redox regulation of ATG4B to modulate lipophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 19;16(1):10181. PMID: 41261096
Nat Commun

Molecular mechanism of drug inhibition of URAT1. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 16;16(1):6551. PMID: 40670375
Nat Commun

Molecular insights into the α6β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function and ligand recognition. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 2;16(1):3153. PMID: 40175361
Nat Commun

Modulation of the human GlyT1 by clinical drugs and cholesterol. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 11;16(1):2412. PMID: 40069141
Natl Sci Rev

SNX14 deficiency-induced defective axonal mitochondrial transport in Purkinje cells underlies cerebellar ataxia and can be reversed by valproate. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 10;8(7):nwab024. PMID: 34691693
Nat Commun

Usp7 regulates Hippo pathway through deubiquitinating the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie. [Abstract]

2019 Jan 24;10(1):411. PMID: 30679505
Metabolism

PFKFB3 nuclear translocation improves diabetic retinopathy by attenuating endothelial cell senescence through inhibition of USP7-p53 axis. [Abstract]

2026 May:178:156553. PMID: 41655956
Redox Biol

IL-13 facilitates ferroptotic death in asthmatic epithelial cells via SOCS1-mediated ubiquitinated degradation of SLC7A11. [Abstract]

2024 May:71:103100. PMID: 38484644
Redox Biol

SELENOK-dependent CD36 palmitoylation regulates microglial functions and Aβ phagocytosis. [Abstract]

2024 Apr:70:103064. PMID: 38320455
J Clin Invest

USP25 inhibition ameliorates Alzheimer's pathology through the regulation of APP processing and Aβ generation. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 1;132(5):e152170. PMID: 35229730
Adv Sci (Weinh)

LncDARS-AS1 Regulates ATP1A1 Stability and Enhances Na+/K+ ATPase Activity to Promote Osteosarcoma Metastasis. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 15:e03486. PMID: 40665639
Sci Adv

Structural insight into the glucose-6-phosphate transport by G6PT1 and inhibition mechanism of CGA. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 30;12(5):eadz8234. PMID: 41616054
Sci Adv

Trisomy 21-induced dysregulation of microglial homeostasis in Alzheimer's brains is mediated by USP25. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 1;7(1):eabe1340. PMID: 33523861
Cell Death Differ

SOCS2-enhanced ubiquitination of SLC7A11 promotes ferroptosis and radiosensitization in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2023 Jan;30(1):137-151. PMID: 35995846

Leupeptin hemisulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Differ. 2023 Jan;30(1):137-151. [Abstract]

Western blot analysis of SLC7A11, SOCS2 and tubulin proteins in SK-Hep-1 and HepG2 cells at 4 h after 4 Gy IR. Leupeptin (50 μM) were added before IR.
Carbohydr Polym

Metabolic degradation of polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes by Kupffer cells via the Dectin-1/Syk signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 1:317:121108. PMID: 37364942
Neuro Oncol

Oct4A palmitoylation modulates tumorigenicity and stemness in human glioblastoma cells. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 5;25(1):82-96. PMID: 35727735
Mol Biomed

Aloperine targets lysosomes to inhibit late autophagy and induces cell death through apoptosis and paraptosis in glioblastoma. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 17;4(1):42. PMID: 37975957
Pharmacol Res

Cyclopeptide RA-V from Rubia yunnanensis restores activity of Adagrasib against colorectal cancer by reducing the expression of Nrf2. [Abstract]

2024 Aug:206:107252. PMID: 38945380
Cell Death Dis

Mesenchymal stem cells exosomal let-7a-5p improve autophagic flux and alleviate liver injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure by promoting nuclear expression of TFEB. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 12;13(10):865. PMID: 36224178
Cancer Lett

Rab8A promotes breast cancer progression by increasing surface expression of Tropomyosin-related kinase B. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 1:535:215629. PMID: 35278612
Nat Struct Mol Biol

2026 Jul 21. PMID: 42481720
Int J Biol Macromol

ADRM1/RPN13 attenuates cartilage extracellular matrix degradation via enhancing UCH37-mediated ALK5 deubiquitination. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 30:247:125670. PMID: 37406898
Cell Rep

LAMP2A-mediated neuronal hyperexcitability by enhancing NKAβ1 degradation underlies depression-induced allodynia. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 2;44(4):115489. PMID: 40178973
Cell Rep

Closed-state inactivation and pore-blocker modulation mechanisms of human CaV2.2. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 2;37(5):109931. PMID: 34731621
Br J Pharmacol

A novel sorbicillinoid compound as a potent anti-inflammation agent through inducing NLRP3 protein degradation. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;180(15):1930-1948. PMID: 36788033
Int J Oncol

Metformin induces TPC-1 cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2019 Jul;55(1):331-339. PMID: 31180536
Emerg Microbes Infect

Porcine deltacoronavirus resists antibody neutralization through cell-to-cell transmission. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;12(1):2207688. PMID: 37125733
Biochem Pharmacol

GSNO induced mitochondrial Cx43 nitrosylation in cardiomyocyte differentiation from mouse ES cells in vitro. [Abstract]

2025 Jul:237:116955. PMID: 40280246
Biochem Pharmacol

E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH-mediated proteasomal degradation of WBP2 sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapy through restraining AMOTL2/c-JUN axis. [Abstract]

2025 Feb:232:116720. PMID: 39709035
Biochem Pharmacol

The ubiquitination of CKIP-1 mediated by Src aggravates diabetic renal fibrosis (original article). [Abstract]

2022 Dec:206:115339. PMID: 36347273
Neurobiol Dis

UBQLN4 regulates seizures by promoting the proteasomal degradation of GluN2B. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15:215:107090. PMID: 40930427
mBio

PRRSV GP5 inhibits the antivirus effects of chaperone-mediated autophagy by targeting LAMP2A. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 14;15(8):e0053224. PMID: 38940560
Sci Rep

Hepatitis C virus NS3/4A inhibitors and other drug-like compounds as covalent binders of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 16;12(1):12197. PMID: 35842458
Oncol Rep

Berberine exerts its antineoplastic effects by reversing the Warburg effect via downregulation of the Akt/mTOR/GLUT1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;46(6):253. PMID: 34643248
Biomed Eng Online

Synergistic enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration using electrospun polylactic acid conduits with leupeptin and methylprednisolone in rats. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 13;25(1):74. PMID: 41975442
Structure

Substrate and inhibitor binding of human GABA transporter 3. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 4;33(12):2049-2057.e5. PMID: 40914153
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res

DTX3L induced NLRP3 ubiquitination inhibit R28 cell pyroptosis in OGD/R injury. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 24;1870(3):119433. PMID: 36706922
Antiviral Res

ML-SA1, a selective TRPML agonist, inhibits DENV2 and ZIKV by promoting lysosomal acidification and protease activity. [Abstract]

2020 Oct:182:104922. PMID: 32858116
J Biol Chem

The adaptor protein GIPC1 stabilizes the scavenger receptor SR-B1 and increases its cholesterol uptake. [Abstract]

2021 Jan-Jun:296:100616. PMID: 33811857
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol

Inhibition of CDK9 exhibits anticancer activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via targeting ribonucleotide reductase. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 15:471:116568. PMID: 37245555
Chem Asian J

Selective Protein Degradation through Tetrazine Ligation of Genetically Incorporated Unnatural Amino Acids. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 2;19(23):e202400824. PMID: 39221720
J Inorg Biochem

Iridium(III) complexes as type I photosensitizers for hypoxic two-photon photodynamic therapy. [Abstract]

2025 Nov:272:113006. PMID: 40682924
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Structure-based artificial intelligence-aided design of MYC-targeting degradation drugs for cancer therapy. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 20:766:151870. PMID: 40288261
STAR Protoc

Protocol for reconstituting enzymatic activities for ultra-large histone methyltransferases NSD1 and SETD2 using a baculovirus expression system. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 18;6(3):103963. PMID: 40684435
The State University of New Jersey

2026 Jul.
bioRxiv

2026 Jul 10:2026.07.06.736331. PMID: 42465254
Res Sq

2026 May 20.
Vita

2026 Apr 7.
bioRxiv

OSTM1 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that suppresses B-cell malignancy by activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 26:2026.01.23.701155. PMID: 41659680
Complutense University of Madrid

2025.
bioRxiv

2024 November 14.
Environ Toxicol

1-Benzylimidazole attenuates the stemness of breast cancer cells through partially targeting CYP4Z1. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;39(3):1505-1520. PMID: 37994574
bioRxiv

2023 Nov 5.
bioRxiv

2020 Jun.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 70 mg/mL (147.19 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.1027 mL

10.5133 mL

21.0265 mL

5 mM

0.4205 mL

2.1027 mL

4.2053 mL

10 mM

0.2103 mL

1.0513 mL

2.1027 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (210.27 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (321 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Sharma A, et al. Leupeptin maintains redox homeostasis via targeting ROS-autophagy-inflammatory axis in LPS-stimulated macrophages and cytokines dichotomy in Con-A challenged lymphocyte. Peptides. 2023 Oct;168:171066. [Content Brief]

[2]. Hozumi M, et al. Inhibition of tumorigenesis in mouse skin by leupeptin, a protease inhibitor from Actinomycetes. Cancer Res. 1972 Aug;32(8):1725-8. [Content Brief]

[3]. Haspel J, et al. Characterization of macroautophagic flux in vivo using a leupeptin-based assay. Autophagy. 2011 Jun;7(6):629-42. [Content Brief]

[4]. Billinger E, et al. Inhibition properties of free and conjugated leupeptin analogues. FEBS open bio. 2020 Dec;10(12):2605-2615. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O	1 mM	2.1027 mL	10.5133 mL	21.0265 mL	52.5663 mL
	5 mM	0.4205 mL	2.1027 mL	4.2053 mL	10.5133 mL
	10 mM	0.2103 mL	1.0513 mL	2.1027 mL	5.2566 mL
	15 mM	0.1402 mL	0.7009 mL	1.4018 mL	3.5044 mL
	20 mM	0.1051 mL	0.5257 mL	1.0513 mL	2.6283 mL
	25 mM	0.0841 mL	0.4205 mL	0.8411 mL	2.1027 mL
	30 mM	0.0701 mL	0.3504 mL	0.7009 mL	1.7522 mL
	40 mM	0.0526 mL	0.2628 mL	0.5257 mL	1.3142 mL
	50 mM	0.0421 mL	0.2103 mL	0.4205 mL	1.0513 mL
	60 mM	0.0350 mL	0.1752 mL	0.3504 mL	0.8761 mL
	80 mM	0.0263 mL	0.1314 mL	0.2628 mL	0.6571 mL
	100 mM	0.0210 mL	0.1051 mL	0.2103 mL	0.5257 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Leupeptin hemisulfate

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Leupeptin hemisulfate

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