Mesaconic acid
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Mesaconic acid (Citronic acid; Methylfumaric acid) is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Mesaconic acid reduces the level of NF-κB in colon tissues, downregulates the expression of Keap1 and Bax, upregulates the expression of Nrf2 and Bcl2, and decreases the expression of Caspase-1. Mesaconic acid reduces the levels of NLRP3, ASC and Casp-1 in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increases the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, elevates NAD+ levels, regulates oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme levels, and upregulates intestinal barrier proteins in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid increases the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria and reduces the abundance of harmful gut bacteria in rapidly aging mice, and exhibits anti-aging properties. Mesaconic acid acts as a flame retardant and serves as a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction. Mesaconic acid can be used in the research of aging-related inflammation.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.95%
- CAS No.: 498-24-8
- Formula: C5H6O4
- Molecular Weight:130.10
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
Mesaconic acid is an unsaturated dibasic acid naturally present in fresh cabbage leaves[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:SAMP8 (SPF grade; 6 mice per group)[1]
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Dosage:200 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; daily; 9 weeks
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Result:Significantly reduced levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-5, and TNF-α in colon, liver, and kidney tissues.
Significantly increased levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in colon, liver, and kidney tissues.
Significantly decreased levels of NLRP3, ASC, and Casp-1 in colon, liver, and kidney tissues.
Significantly increased levels of GSH-Px, SOD, T-AOC, and CAT in colon, liver, and kidney tissues.
Significantly reduced levels of ROS, MDA, carbonyl protein, NF-κB, P38 protein, and P65 protein in colon, liver, and kidney tissues.
Significantly increased levels of NAD+ in colon, liver, and kidney tissues.
Significantly increased levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in colon tissue.
Significantly decreased serum levels of D-LA, DAO, and endotoxin.
Significantly increased relative mRNA expression levels of GSH-Px, SOD, TrxR, Nrf2, and Bcl2 in colon tissue.
Significantly reduced relative mRNA expression levels of Keap1, Bax, NF-κB, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 in colon tissue.
Significantly increased observed species, Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices of gut microbiota.
Increased abundance of beneficial bacteria including Ligilactobacillus, Erysipelatoclostridium, Dubosiella, Parasutterella, Haemophilus, Parabacteroides, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Bacteroides.
Decreased abundance of harmful bacteria Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia-Shigella, and Staphylococcus.
Identified Dubosiella as a key differential beneficial genus in the mesaconic acid group via LEfSe analysis.
Detected 260 positive mode metabolites (155 upregulated, 105 downregulated) and 131 negative mode metabolites (61 upregulated, 70 downregulated) with significant differences compared to the model group.
Significantly upregulated metabolites including taurochenodeoxycholic acid (sodium salt), 3-hydroxybutyric acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, 7-ketolithocholic acid, and deoxycholic acid.
Showed intact mucosa, neatly arranged epithelial cells, no inflammatory cell infiltration, increased goblet cells, positive PAS staining (PAS++), and moderately positive MUC2 immunohistochemistry (MUC2++) in colon tissue histology.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 498-24-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 130.10
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Formula C5H6O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C/C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O
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Synonyms
Citronic acid; Methylfumaric acid
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
Methanol : ≥ 116.67 mg/mL (896.77 mM)
H2O : 50 mg/mL (384.32 mM; Need ultrasonic)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (288 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Wu L, et al. Mesaconic acid as a key metabolite with anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties produced by Lactobacillus plantarum 124 from centenarian gut microbiota. NPJ biofilms and microbiomes. 2025 Aug 19;11(1):165. [Content Brief]
[2]. Buston HW. Note on the isolation of mesaconic acid from cabbage leaves. Biochem J. 1928;22(6):1523-5. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / Methanol | 1 mM | 7.6864 mL | 38.4320 mL | 76.8639 mL | 192.1599 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.5373 mL | 7.6864 mL | 15.3728 mL | 38.4320 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7686 mL | 3.8432 mL | 7.6864 mL | 19.2160 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5124 mL | 2.5621 mL | 5.1243 mL | 12.8107 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3843 mL | 1.9216 mL | 3.8432 mL | 9.6080 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3075 mL | 1.5373 mL | 3.0746 mL | 7.6864 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2562 mL | 1.2811 mL | 2.5621 mL | 6.4053 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1922 mL | 0.9608 mL | 1.9216 mL | 4.8040 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1537 mL | 0.7686 mL | 1.5373 mL | 3.8432 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1281 mL | 0.6405 mL | 1.2811 mL | 3.2027 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0961 mL | 0.4804 mL | 0.9608 mL | 2.4020 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0769 mL | 0.3843 mL | 0.7686 mL | 1.9216 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Mesaconic acid Related Classifications
HY-78036 Related Classifications
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