2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-111791
    ACY-1083
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    ACY-1083 is a selective and brain-penetrating HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM and is 260-fold more selective for HDAC6 than all other classes of HDAC isoforms. ACY-1083 effectively reverses chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
    ACY-1083
  • HY-119939
    CHDI-390576
    		Inhibitor 98.10%
    CHDI-390576, a potent, cell permeable and CNS penetrant class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with IC50s of 54 nM, 60 nM, 31 nM, 50 nM for class IIa HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7, HDAC9, respectively, shows >500-fold selectivity over class I HDACs (1, 2, 3) and ~150-fold selectivity over HDAC8 and the class IIb HDAC6 isoform.
    CHDI-390576
  • HY-10221R
    Vorinostat (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Vorinostat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vorinostat. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vorinostat (SAHA) is a potent and orally active pan-inhibitor of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 (Class I), HDAC6 and HDAC7 (Class II) and HDAC11 (Class IV), with ID50 values of 10 nM and 20 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively. Vorinostat induces cell apoptosis. Vorinostat is also an effective inhibitor of human papillomaviruse (HPV)-18 DNA amplification.
    Vorinostat (Standard)
  • HY-16012A
    Domatinostat
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    Domatinostat (4SC-202 free base) is a selective class I HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 1.20 μM, 1.12 μM, and 0.57 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. It also displays inhibitory activity against Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1).
    Domatinostat
  • HY-161307
    T-518
    		Inhibitor 98.40%
    T-518 is an orally active, BBB-penetrant and potent DFMO-based HDAC6 inhibitor with high selectivity (IC50 = 36 nM). T-518 improves axonal transport. T-518 ameliorates object recognition deficit. T-518 can be studied in research for Alzheimer’s disease and tauopathy.
    T-518
  • HY-126052
    Gnetol
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Gnetol is a phenolic compound isolated from the root of Gnetum montanum . Gnetol potently inhibits COX-1 (IC50 of 0.78 μM) and HDAC. Gnetol is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.5 μM for murine tyrosinase and suppresses melanin biosynthesis. Gnetol has antioxidant, antiproliferative, anticancer and hepatoprotective activity. Gnetol also possesses concentration-dependent α-Amylase, α-glucosidase, and adipogenesis activities.
    Gnetol
  • HY-19350
    BML-210
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    BML-210 is a potent HDAC inhibitor. BML-210 can inhibit the HDAC4-VP16-driven reporter signal with an apparent IC50 of ∼5 µM. BML-210 has a specific disruptive effect on the HDAC4:MEF2 interaction. BML-210 causes an increase in the G0/G1 phase. BML-210 induces apoptosis and displays antitumour activities in orthotopic mammary tumours in mice.
    BML-210
  • HY-164050
    HDAC2-IN-2
    		Inhibitor 99.74%
    HDAC2-IN-2 (compound 124) is an inhibitor of HDAC2 with Kd value of 0.1-1 μM.
    HDAC2-IN-2
  • HY-13267
    Droxinostat
    		Inhibitor 99.08%
    Droxinostat (NS 41080) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Droxinostat selectively inhibits HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC8 with IC50 values of 16.9 μM, 2.47 μM, and 1.46 μM, respectively. Droxinostat can be used for the research of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
    Droxinostat
  • HY-104008
    ACY-957
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    ACY-957 is an orally active and selective inhibitor of HDAC1 and HDAC2, with IC50s of 7 nM, 18 nM, and 1300 nM against HDAC1/2/3, respectively, and shows no inhibition on HDAC4/5/6/7/8/9.
    ACY-957
  • HY-112719
    BRD 4354
    		Inhibitor 98.10%
    BRD 4354 is a moderately potent inhibitor of HDAC5 and HDAC9, with IC50s of 0.85 and 1.88 μM, respectively.
    BRD 4354
  • HY-40190
    5-Bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one
    		99.95%
    5-Bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one is an important indanone intermediate that is widely used in the synthesis of anti-tumor indanone derivatives.
    5-Bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one
  • HY-B0246R
    Carbamazepine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Carbamazepine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbamazepine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbamazepine is an orally active pressure-sensitive sodium ion channel blocker with an IC50 of 131 μM. Carbamazepine blocks voltage gated Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels, and is also a HDAC inhibitor (IC50: 2 μM). Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and can be used for research of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
    Carbamazepine (Standard)
  • HY-18976
    UF010
    		99.83%
    UF010 is a selective inhibitor of class I HDAC. UF010 has cytotoxicity to cancer cells and reduces neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. UF010 can be used for the research of neurological diseases.
    UF010
  • HY-126330
    SS-208
    		Inhibitor 99.00%
    SS-208 is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 12 nM. SS-208 possesses anti-tumor activity in melanoma.
    SS-208
  • HY-13432
    Nanatinostat
    		Inhibitor 99.67%
    Nanatinostat (CHR-3996) is a potent, class I selective and orally active HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 3 nM, 4 nM, and 7 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. Nanatinostat has low activity against HDAC5 (IC50 of 200 nM) and HDAC6 (IC50 of 2100 nM). Nanatinostat induces apoptosis in myeloma cells. Nanatinostat has potent anticancer effects, such as myeloma, advanced solid tumours and colorectal cancer.
    Nanatinostat
  • HY-132998
    HDAC6 degrader-1
    		Degrader 99.58%
    HDAC6 degrader-1 (Compound NP8) is the PROTAC degrader for HDAC6 with a DC50 of 3.8 nM in cell MM.1S.(Blue: ligand for E3 ligase Pomalidomide (HY-10984); Black: linker (HY-140213); Pink: ligand for target protein Nexturastat A (HY-16699))
    HDAC6 degrader-1
  • HY-14718
    Resminostat
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Resminostat (RAS2410; 4SC-201) is a potent inhibitor of HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC6, with mean IC50 values of 42.5, 50.1, 71.8 nM, respectively, and shows less potent activities against HDAC8, with an IC50 of 877 nM.
    Resminostat
  • HY-115475
    SW-100
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    SW-100, a selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.3 nM, shows at least 1000-fold selectivity for HDAC6 relative to all other HDAC isozymes. SW-100 displays a significantly improved ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier.
    SW-100
  • HY-138799
    KA2507
    		Inhibitor 99.17%
    KA2507 is a potent, orally active and selective HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.5 nM. KA2507 shows antitumor activities and immune modulatory effects in preclinical models.
    KA2507
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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