IL-6
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates immune response, acute inflammation, tissue regeneration, metabolism, and stromal activation[1][2]. Mechanistically, IL-6 binds IL-6Rα and recruits gp130, activating JAK/STAT3 signaling and downstream transcriptional programs[1][3]. Disease relevance depends strongly on receptor context: membrane IL-6Rα supports classic signaling, whereas soluble IL-6Rα enables trans-signaling in gp130-expressing cells and drives pro-inflammatory activity[1][4]. Compared with these receptor forms, gp130 is broadly expressed, while IL-6R expression is restricted to selected cells such as hepatocytes and leukocytes, explaining cell-type-selective responsiveness[1]. In vascular endothelial cells, IL-6 trans-signaling induces MCP-1 through coordinated JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT activation[5]. In proliferative vitreoretinopathy models, IL-6 promotes retinal pigment epithelial proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through JAK1/STAT3 signaling[6]. For experimental intervention, tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6R antibody, blocks IL-6 signaling and improves rheumatoid arthritis outcomes in controlled clinical studies[7][8].
References:
- [1]. Rose-John S. IL-6 trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor: importance for the pro-inflammatory activities of IL-6. Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(9):1237-47. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.4989. Epub 2012 Oct 24. PMID: 23136552; PMCID: PMC3491447. et al. IL-6 trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor: importance for the pro-inflammatory activities of IL-6. Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(9):1237-47. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Danese S, et al. Interleukin-6: a therapeutic Jekyll and Hyde in gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases. Gut. 2010 Feb;59(2):149-51. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Reeh H, et al. Response to IL-6 trans- and IL-6 classic signalling is determined by the ratio of the IL-6 receptor α to gp130 expression: fusing experimental insights and dynamic modelling. Cell Commun Signal. 2019 May 17;17(1):46. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Maes M, et al. Targeting classical IL-6 signalling or IL-6 trans-signalling in depression? Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2014 May;18(5):495-512. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Zegeye MM, et al. Activation of the JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways are crucial for IL-6 trans-signaling-mediated pro-inflammatory response in human vascular endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal. 2018 Sep 5;16(1):55. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Chen X, et al. Interleukin-6 promotes proliferative vitreoretinopathy by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Vis. 2020 Jul 29;26:517-529. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Ohsugi Y, et al. The recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab, an innovative drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008 May;8(5):669-81. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Emery P, et al. IL-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab improves treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals: results from a 24-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Nov;67(11):1516-23. [Content Brief]
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IL-6 Inhibitors
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IL-6 Proteins
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IL-6 Related Products (506)
Related Products (506)
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Recombinant Proteins (24)
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γ-Hexalactone
0 ImagesSynonyms: γ-Caprolactoneγ-Hexalactone (γ-Caprolactone) is a gamma-lactone found in ripe fruits. γ-Hexalactone induces DNA damage in human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells, modulates cytokine secretion in human lymphocytes, and reduces recombinant PON1 activity. γ-Hexalactone serves as a dose-dependent oviposition inhibitor against Bactrocera oleae. γ-Hexalactone can be used for the research of Bactrocera oleae pest management.
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Elsilimomab
0 ImagesSynonyms: B-E8; Anti-IL-6 MAB B-E8Elsilimomab (B-E8) is a IgG1 monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 (IL-6), with a KD of 22 pM and an IC50 of 1.4 nM. Elsilimomab can be used for the research of multiple myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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iNOs-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-145846Purity: 98.07%iNOs-IN-1 (YPW) is a potent inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor. iNOs-IN-1 can significantly inhibit the expression of IL-6 and iNOS, as well as reduce LPS-induced NO generation with dose-dependent manner in mouse macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects.
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Stictic acid
0 ImagesStictic acid is a Depsidone. Stictic acid is found in the edible lichens Lobaria pindarensis and Lobaria pulmonaria. Stictic acid inhibits LPS/Aβ42-induced mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, and decreases LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression. Stictic acid inhibits Aβ42 fibril formation and aggregation. Stictic acid scavenges superoxide anions. Stictic acid exhibits anticancer activity against colon adenocarcinoma. Stictic acid is used in research on Alzheimer's disease and colon adenocarcinoma.
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PROTAC BTK Degrader-6
0 ImagesPROTAC BTK Degrader-6 is an orally active PROTAC-based BTK degrader with a DC50 of 3.18 nM. PROTAC BTK Degrader-6 induces BTK degradation via proteasomal degradation, ubiquitination, and CRBN ligase recruitment pathways. PROTAC BTK Degrader-6 inhibits NF-κB activation, mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. PROTAC BTK Degrader-6 reduces inflammatory responses in a zymosan-induced mouse model of peritonitis. PROTAC BTK Degrader-6 can be used in peritonitis-related research.
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Naphazoline nitrate
0 ImagesSynonyms: Naphthazoline nitrateNaphazoline (Naphthazoline) nitrate is an α-adrenergic receptor agonist. Naphazoline nitrate reduces vascular hyperpermeability and promotes vasoconstriction. Naphazoline nitrate reduces the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4), IgE, GMCSF, and NGF. Naphazoline nitrate can be used for non-bacterial conjunctivitis research.
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PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-13
0 ImagesPROTAC IRAK4 degrader-13 (Degrader 1) is a selective IRAK4 PROTAC degrader with DC50s of 0.86 and 1.1 nM for monocytes and lymphocytes in PBMCs, respectively. PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-13 significantly induces TIR signal activation, and inhibits the expression of circulating proinflammatory cytokines in Imiquimod (HY-B0180) induced psoriasis mice model. PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-13 can be used for TLR- and IL-1R-driven driven neutrophilic inflammation diseases like hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and atopic dermatitis (AD) research. Pink: IRAK4 ligand; Blue: E3 ligase ligand; Black: linker
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Di-O-methyldemethoxycurcumin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N7275CAS No.: 824951-60-2Di-O-methyldemethoxycurcumin, a curcuminoid analog, inhibits IL-6 production with an EC50 of 16.20 μg/mL. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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ER-464195-01
0 ImagesER-464195-01 is an orally active calreticulin (CRT) and integrin α subunits (ITGAs) binding inhibitor. ER-464195-01 inhibits leukocyte infiltration and subsequent inflammatory cascade reactions by dissociating the binding between CRT and ITGA. ER-464195-01 down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17f) induced by DSS (HY-116282C), and inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the production of serum amyloid A (SAA). ER-464195-01 can be used for the study of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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THR-123 TFA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P11354APurity: 99.91%THR-123 TFA is an orally active ALK3 peptide agonist. THR-123 TFA has a relatively weak binding to ALK2, but does not bind to ALK6. THR-123 TFA suppresses inflammation, Apoptosis and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program and reverses established fibrosis in five mouse models of acute and chronic renal injury. THR-123 TFA can be used for the study of kidney fibrosis.
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FIP22
0 ImagesFIP22 is a potent and selective IRAK4 PROTAC degrader (HEK293T cells: DC50 = 3.2 nM; THP-1 cells: DC50 = 10.6 nM). FIP22 induces the ubiquitin-proteasome system by forming an IRAK4-FIP22-CRBN ternary complex (EC50 = 12.63 nM), thereby potently blocking IRAK4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. FIP22 can be used for the study of atopic dermatitis.
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SMAP-29
0 ImagesSMAP‑29 is a cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with LPS‑binding and anti‑inflammatory properties. SMAP‑29 exerts broad‑spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and multidrug‑resistant isolates. SMAP‑29 kills pathogens by permeabilizing bacterial membranes, inducing depolarization and cell lysis, and also inhibits inflammatory cytokines while reducing lethality in septic shock and pneumonia models. SMAP-29 can be used for research on bacterial infections, drug-resistant infections, septic shock.
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Madecassic acid (Standard)
0 ImagesMadecassic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Madecassic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Madecassic acid is isolated from Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Madecassic acid has anti-inflammatory properties caused by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
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PROTAC JAK1/2 degrader-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-179715Purity: 99.47%PROTAC JAK1/2 degrader-1 is an orally active JAK1/JAK2 PROTAC degrader, with DC50 values of 1.4 μM and 0.92 μM against JAK1 and JAK2, respectively. PROTAC JAK1/2 degrader-1 triggers degradation via a CRBN- and proteasome-dependent pathway. PROTAC JAK1/2 degrader-1 inhibits the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). PROTAC JAK1/2 degrader-1 alleviates inflammatory responses and colon injury by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. PROTAC JAK1/2 degrader-1 can be used for the research of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Karacoline
0 ImagesKaracoline is an orally active PPARγ activator and ERK/JNK MAPK inhibitor. Karacoline restricts ROS production, maintains mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibits pulmonary cell apoptosis. Karacoline inhibits NF-κB pathway activation, reduces acetylation levels of p65 and the expression of MMP14 and MMP9, enhances the expression of type II collagen (collagen II) and aggrecan (aggrecan), and suppresses extracellular matrix degradation. In a mouse model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury, Karacoline alleviates lung injury, inhibits the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, increases the Bcl-2/BAX ratio, and reduces caspase 3 expression. Karacoline can be used in research related to acute lung injury and intervertebral disc degeneration.
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DL-Tryptophan-d3
0 ImagesSynonyms: (±)-Tryptophan-d3DL-Tryptophan-d3 is the deuterium labeled DL-Tryptophan. DL-Tryptophan ((±)-Tryptophan) is an orally effective aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. DL-Tryptophan reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, as well as liver injury markers aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and alleviates hepatocyte apoptosis (apoptosis) in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. DL-Tryptophan can be used in the research of sepsis-related acute liver injury.
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Alisol F
0 ImagesAlisol F is a protostane-type triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatitis B virus activities. Alisol F inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, STAT3 and NF-κB (p65), suppresses the production of NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, and also downregulates the levels of iNOS and COX-2. Alisol F reduces the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in mice with acute liver injury and ameliorates their liver pathological damage.
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Conbercept
0 ImagesSynonyms: KH902Conbercept (KH902) is a recombinant fusion protein composed of VEGFR-1 (second domain) and VEGFR-2 (third and fourth domains) regions fused to human IgG1 Fc. Conbercept is a VEGF inhibitor (IC50 = 8.8 pM) and is a soluble receptor decoy that blocks all isoforms of VEGF-A (Kd = 0.5 pM), VEGF-B (Kd = 8 pM), VEGF-C, and PlGF (Kd = 5 pM). Conbercept has anti-inflammatory effects, can lower the levels of VEGF, TNF-α and IL-6, and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conbercept decreases tumor growth in several oncology studies. Conbercept can be used for various eye diseases such as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), diabetic macular edema (DME) and pathologic myopia choroidal neovascularization (pmCNV).
