Cat. No.: HY-N0143

Phlorizin

(Synonyms: Floridzin)

15 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 15 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Phlorizin (Floridzin) is an orally active non-selective sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.04 μM and a K_i of 39 nM against hSGLT2, and an IC₅₀ of 0.17 μM and a K_i of 0.31 μM against hSGLT1. Phlorizin promotes GLUT4 translocation, inhibits gluconeogenesis and promotes glycogen synthesis by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Phlorizin reduces DNA damage and apoptosis (apoptosis) by inhibiting the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Phlorizin induces apoptosis via activating the Caspase pathway by antagonizing the JAK/STAT3 and PCK pathways. Phlorizin also exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.93%
CAS No.: 60-81-1
Formula: C₂₁H₂₄O₁₀
Molecular Weight:436.41

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Phlorizin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 60-81-1

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (15)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

SGLT1

SGLT2

All PI3K Isoforms :

All Caspase Isoforms :

All STAT Isoforms :

All SGLT Isoforms :

SGLT1
SGLT2

All NF-κB Isoforms :

All GLUT Isoforms :

All Akt Isoforms :

All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms :

All JAK Isoforms :

All mTOR Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
CHO	EC₅₀	330 nM Compound: 1, phlorizin	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]AMG accumulation Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]AMG accumulation	[PMID: 18260618]
CHO	EC₅₀	35.6 nM Compound: 1, phlorizin	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]AMG accumulation Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]AMG accumulation	[PMID: 18260618]
CHO	EC₅₀	35 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as intracellular accumulation of [14C]alpha-methyl glucopyranoside Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as intracellular accumulation of [14C]alpha-methyl glucopyranoside	[PMID: 18707880]
CHO	IC₅₀	752 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as [14C]alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside uptake by fluorescence polarization assay Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as [14C]alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside uptake by fluorescence polarization assay	[PMID: 18755586]
CHO	EC₅₀	108 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as sodium-dependent [14C]-alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside uptake after 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as sodium-dependent [14C]-alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside uptake after 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting	[PMID: 21128592]
CHO	EC₅₀	197.4 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as sodium-dependent [14C]-alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside uptake after 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as sodium-dependent [14C]-alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside uptake after 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting	[PMID: 21128592]
CHO	IC₅₀	16 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as [14C]AMG uptake after 45 mins Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as [14C]AMG uptake after 45 mins	[PMID: 21873071]
CHO	IC₅₀	190 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as [14C]AMG uptake after 45 mins Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as [14C]AMG uptake after 45 mins	[PMID: 21873071]
CHO	IC₅₀	16.4 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of sodium-dependent [14C]methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake after 45 mins Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of sodium-dependent [14C]methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake after 45 mins	[PMID: 22889351]
CHO	IC₅₀	185 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of sodium-dependent [14C]methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake after 45 mins Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of sodium-dependent [14C]methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake after 45 mins	[PMID: 22889351]
CHO-K1	IC₅₀	246 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as inhibition of glucose uptake Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as inhibition of glucose uptake	[PMID: 20302302]
CHO-K1	IC₅₀	27.8 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as inhibition of glucose uptake Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as inhibition of glucose uptake	[PMID: 20302302]
CHO-K1	IC₅₀	16 nM Compound: Phlorizin	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO-K1 cells by [14C]AMG uptake assay Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO-K1 cells by [14C]AMG uptake assay	[PMID: 22652255]
CHO-K1	IC₅₀	190 nM Compound: Phlorizin	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells by [14C]AMG uptake assay Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells by [14C]AMG uptake assay	[PMID: 22652255]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	0.077 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]-AMG uptake up to 120 mins by scintillation counting method Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]-AMG uptake up to 120 mins by scintillation counting method	[PMID: 24071445]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	0.12 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]-AMG uptake up to 120 mins by scintillation counting method Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]-AMG uptake up to 120 mins by scintillation counting method	[PMID: 24071445]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	123 nM Compound: PZN	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reduction in [14C]AMG uptake after 120 mins by scintillation counting method Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reduction in [14C]AMG uptake after 120 mins by scintillation counting method	[PMID: 27075813]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	153 nM Compound: PZN	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reduction in [14C]AMG uptake after 120 mins by scintillation counting method Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reduction in [14C]AMG uptake after 120 mins by scintillation counting method	[PMID: 27075813]
COLO 205	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against human COLO 205 cells incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human COLO 205 cells incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 37413981]
COS-1	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: phlorizin	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in COS1 cells assessed as [14C]methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in COS1 cells assessed as [14C]methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake	[PMID: 17374486]
COS-1	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: phlorizin	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in COS1 cells assessed as [14C]methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in COS1 cells assessed as [14C]methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake	[PMID: 17374486]
COS-1	IC₅₀	0.1 mM Compound: Phlorizine	Inhibition of alpha-D-[U-14C]glucopyranoside uptake at human SGLT2 expressed in african green monkey COS1 cells after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting Inhibition of alpha-D-[U-14C]glucopyranoside uptake at human SGLT2 expressed in african green monkey COS1 cells after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting	[PMID: 20189404]
COS-1	IC₅₀	0.2 mM Compound: Phlorizine	Inhibition of alpha-D-[U-14C]glucopyranoside uptake at human SGLT1 expressed in african green monkey COS1 cells after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting Inhibition of alpha-D-[U-14C]glucopyranoside uptake at human SGLT1 expressed in african green monkey COS1 cells after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting	[PMID: 20189404]
COS-7	IC₅₀	350 nM Compound: 6	Inhibition of rat SGLT1 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]-AMG uptake Inhibition of rat SGLT1 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]-AMG uptake	[PMID: 23062824]
COS-7	IC₅₀	38 nM Compound: 6	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]-AMG uptake Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]-AMG uptake	[PMID: 23062824]
COS-7	IC₅₀	536 nM Compound: 6	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]-AMG uptake Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]-AMG uptake	[PMID: 23062824]
COS-7	IC₅₀	96 nM Compound: 6	Inhibition of rat SGLT2 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]-AMG uptake Inhibition of rat SGLT2 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]-AMG uptake	[PMID: 23062824]
COS-7	IC₅₀	>1000 μM Compound: phlorizin	Inhibition of human CNT2 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction in sodium-dependent [14C]-inosine uptake in presence of Na+ by liquid scintillation counting method Inhibition of human CNT2 expressed in COS7 cells assessed as reduction in sodium-dependent [14C]-inosine uptake in presence of Na+ by liquid scintillation counting method	[PMID: 25815140]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 37413981]
HEK293	IC₅₀	210 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]alpha-methylglucopyranoside uptake Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]alpha-methylglucopyranoside uptake	[PMID: 19785435]
HEK293	IC₅₀	58.6 nM Compound: Phlorizin	Inhibition of SGLT2 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using 2-NBDG as substrate incubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 30 mins by nonradioactive fluorescence glucose uptake assay Inhibition of SGLT2 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using 2-NBDG as substrate incubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 30 mins by nonradioactive fluorescence glucose uptake assay	[PMID: 24556379]
HEK293	IC₅₀	60.7 nM Compound: Phlorizin	Inhibition of SGLT1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using 2-NBDG as substrate incubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 30 mins by nonradioactive fluorescence glucose uptake assay Inhibition of SGLT1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using 2-NBDG as substrate incubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 30 mins by nonradioactive fluorescence glucose uptake assay	[PMID: 24556379]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.0673 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in 2-deoxyglucose uptake pretreated for 10 mins followed by 2-deoxyglucose addition in presence of sodium buffer measured after 1 hr by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay Inhibition of human SGLT2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in 2-deoxyglucose uptake pretreated for 10 mins followed by 2-deoxyglucose addition in presence of sodium buffer measured after 1 hr by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 28098449]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.499 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in 2-deoxyglucose uptake pretreated for 10 mins followed by 2-deoxyglucose addition in presence of sodium buffer measured after 1 hr by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay Inhibition of human SGLT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in 2-deoxyglucose uptake pretreated for 10 mins followed by 2-deoxyglucose addition in presence of sodium buffer measured after 1 hr by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 28098449]
HT-29	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 37413981]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	14.4 μM Compound: 14	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion after 18 hrs by sandwich ELISA Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion after 18 hrs by sandwich ELISA	[PMID: 24679441]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	14.6 μM Compound: 16	Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as decrease in PGE2 production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by ELISA Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as decrease in PGE2 production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 31747281]

In Vitro

Phlorizin (30 min), a competitive inhibitor, potently inhibits sodium-dependent AMG transport in COS-7 cells expressing wild-type mSGLT2, with a mean K_i of 65 nM and a mean IC₅₀ of 0.07 μM^[1].
Phlorizin (10 min) shows significantly reduced inhibitory potency against sodium-dependent AMG transport in COS-7 cells expressing the hSGLT1^C610K mutant, with a mean IC₅₀ of 1.7 μM, which is 10-fold higher than that of wild-type hSGLT1^[1].
Phlorizin (30 min) significantly enhances the inhibitory potency against sodium-dependent AMG transport in COS-7 cells expressing the hSGLT2^C615K mutant, with a mean IC₅₀ of 0.017 μM, which is 2-fold lower than that of wild-type hSGLT2^[1].
Phlorizin (30 min) significantly enhances the inhibitory potency against sodium-dependent AMG transport in COS-7 cells expressing the mSGLT2^N173A mutant, with a mean IC₅₀ of 0.018 μM^[1].
Phlorizin (1-100 μM) inhibits glucose transport in renal tubular cells and intestinal cells^[2].
Phlorizin (100-150 μg/mL) alleviates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in human HepG2 cells by regulating the expression of Nrf2 protein and apoptosis-related genes^[4].
Phlorizin (6.25-100 μM) inhibits Zika virus infection in cell models by reducing the activities of apoptotic caspase-3/-7, decreasing the phosphorylation level of the Akt/mTOR pathway, and lowering viral titers^[4].
Phlorizin inhibits biofilm formation by up to 70% Staphylococcus aureus in RN4220 cells^[4].
Phlorizin enhances the survival rate of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and cerebral cortical neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide or high-glucose environments by inhibiting SGLT-mediated Na⁺ and glucose influx^[4].
Phlorizin exerts anti-tumor effects in human KYSE450 and KYSE30 esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting proliferation, invasion, migration and autophagy, and by activating apoptosis via antagonizing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Phlorizin normalizes insulin sensitivity in partially pancreatectomized diabetic rats by reducing blood glucose, while it has no effect on insulin action in control rats^[2].
Phlorizin (p.o.) inhibits the increase in blood glucose levels in healthy mice following glucose loading^[2].
Phlorizin (p.o.) leads to its complete conversion to Phloretin (HY-N0142) (90% as glucuronide or sulfate conjugates) in healthy rats, followed by excretion in urine^[2].
Phlorizin (through the interior of the proximal convoluted tubule) into the proximal convoluted tubule impairs single-nephron glomerular filtration rate and renal tubular ion reabsorption function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, but exerts no effect on normal control rats^[2].
Phlorizin (administered into the fourth ventricle) increases feeding behavior in healthy rats^[2].
Phlorizin (intracerebroventricular administration; single dose) induces FOS expression in periventricular glial cells of healthy rats and activates the transcriptional activity of multiple neurons in the central nervous system within 2 hours after administration^[2].
Phlorizin (1 mM, administered via endotracheal intubation) reduces alveolar fluid absorption in healthy rats^[2].
Phlorizin enhances memory in healthy rats and mice in passive avoidance tasks, and this effect is independent of blood glucose or cerebral glucose uptake^[2].
Phlorizin enhances learning ability in healthy mice and blocks insulin-induced memory impairment when administered after learning^[2].
Phlorizin (chronic administration) induces glycosuria, polyuria and weight loss in healthy dogs, mimicking the symptoms of human diabetes^[2].
Phlorizin (100 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; once daily for 23 weeks) adequately controls hyperglycemia in female obese SDT rats, completely prevents peripheral neuropathy and retinal/ocular complications, and partially reduces indicators associated with diabetic nephropathy^[3].
Phlorizin (20-40 mg/kg) exerts antioxidant effects in D-Galactose (HY-N0210)-induced senescent mice by regulating the IL-1β/IκB-α/NF-κB signaling pathway; doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce malondialdehyde levels^[4].
Phlorizin (6.25-25 mg/kg) inhibits BVDV infection in mice at doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg by regulating the levels of innate immune cytokines and pattern recognition receptors^[4].
Phlorizin (20 mg/kg) improves blood glucose control and lipid metabolism in db/db type 2 diabetic mice, reduces levels of FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C, and increases HDL-C level^[4].
Phlorizin (30-120 mg/kg) alleviates streptozotocin (STZ) (HY-13753)-induced diabetes in rats at doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg by improving glycolipid metabolic profiles, protecting pancreatic islets, and regulating glycogen synthase kinase-3 and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway^[4].
Phlorizin (200 mg/kg) inhibits the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in STZ-induced conscious diabetic rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg^[4].
Phlorizin (10 mg/kg) exerts anti-tumor activity in HepG2 tumor xenograft mice by inhibiting PKC expression and regulating apoptosis^[4].
Phlorizin (1-5 μmol/200 μL) blocks the ERK signaling pathway by inactivating NF-κB-induced COX-2 expression, thereby inhibiting TPA (HY-18739)-induced skin tumor formation in mice at doses of 1 and 5 μmol/200 μL^[4].
Phlorizin (0.4 g/kg) restores glycemic control and ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in MSG (HY-W250122)-induced obese type 2 diabetic mice at a dose of 0.4 g/kg^[4].
Phlorizin inhibits UVB-induced skin damage in nude mice by regulating the MAPK/NF-κB apoptotic signaling pathway^[4].
Phlorizin (intracerebroventricular administration) reduces cerebral infarction volume in MCAO model mice via inhibition of SGLT and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways when administered intracerebroventricularly^[4].
Phlorizin alleviates DSS (HY-116282C)-induced acute colitis in mice, reduces disease symptoms and improves intestinal morphology^[4].
Phlorizin (i.p.) reduces BCAO-induced hippocampal cell death and improves learning/memory abilities in male ddY mice, and its mechanism of action may involve inhibiting the expression of SGLT family genes^[4].
Phlorizin inhibits ischemic contracture and ischemia-induced arrhythmia in guinea pig myocardium by regulating voltage-dependent calcium channels and blocking Ca²⁺ influx^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

SDT fatty (female, 6 weeks old at start, spontaneous obese type 2 diabetes with leptin receptor signaling defect)^[3]
Dosage:

100 mg/kg
Administration:

s.c.; once daily; 23 weeks
Result:

Controlled plasma glucose levels to a near-normal range throughout the experiment.
Reduced HbA1c levels to match normal control rats.
Delayed the age-related decrease in plasma insulin.
Significantly decreased urinary glucose excretion compared to vehicle-treated rats.
Had minimal effects on plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid, and total cholesterol levels.
Significantly decreased creatinine clearance.
Partially reduced urinary albumin excretion and urinary 8-OHdG levels.
Completely prevented Armanni-Ebstein changes, but did not reverse glomerulosclerosis, tubular regeneration, or interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration (and was associated with increased tubular dilation and urothelial inflammatory cell infiltration).
Corrected sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) to 95.6% of normal control levels and sciatic sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) to 98.3% of normal control levels.
Prevented the decrease in intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) to 23.6 fibers/mm.
Significantly reduced prolongation of oscillatory potential peak latencies in electroretinograms.
Completely prevented retinal folding and thickening.
Prevented progression of cataracts.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 60-81-1
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 436.41
Formula C₂₁H₂₄O₁₀
Color Off-white to light brown
SMILES

O=C(C1=C(O)C=C(O)C=C1O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O2)O)O)O)CCC3=CC=C(O)C=C3
Synonyms

Floridzin
Structure Classification
- Flavonoids
- Dihydrochalcones
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (15)

All Histological Imaging/StainingIn Vivo Efficacy StudyFlow CytometryWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Acta Pharm Sin B

Chrysin serves as a novel inhibitor of DGK α/FAK interaction to suppress the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). [Abstract]

2021 Jan;11(1):143-155. PMID: 33532186
Carbohydr Polym

Oral absorption characteristics and mechanisms of a pectin-type polysaccharide from Smilax china L. across the intestinal epithelium. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 15:270:118383. PMID: 34364625
Nano Today

2024 Aug.
Food Chem

Effects of sun drying combined with baking processes on the flavor quality of Chongqing Tuocha raw tea. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 30:497:146992. PMID: 41285060
Food Chem

Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]

2025 May 31:489:144992. PMID: 40466530
Phytomedicine

Protective effects of E Se tea extracts against alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fat/alcohol diet: In vivo biological evaluation and molecular docking study. [Abstract]

2022 Jul:101:154113. PMID: 35490493
Free Radic Biol Med

SGLT1 inhibition alleviates radiation-induced intestinal damage through promoting mitochondrial homeostasis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 1:224:831-845. PMID: 39393555
Ind Crops Prod

2025 Dec 11;239:122458.
Int Immunopharmacol

Phlorizin attenuates lupus nephritis via upregulating PI3K/Akt pathway-mediated Treg differentiation. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 4:154:114607. PMID: 40186900

Phlorizin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 4:154:114607. [Abstract]

Phlorizin (PHZ 40 mg/kg). Representative images of H&E and PAS staining in the kidneys of 22-week-old MRL/MpJ and MRL/lpr mice.

Phlorizin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 4:154:114607. [Abstract]

Phlorizin (PHZ 40mg/kg) treatment reduced the total urinary protein level in MRL/lpr mice.

Phlorizin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 4:154:114607. [Abstract]

Phlorizin (PHZ 40 mg/kg) administration led to an increase in the proportion of Treg cells. Flow cytometry analysis of representative CD25 and Foxp3 expression in CD4+ T cells under different treatment conditions was performed.

Phlorizin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 4:154:114607. [Abstract]

Phlorizin (PHZ 40 mg/kg) treatment promotes Treg cell development by activating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway.

Phlorizin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 4:154:114607. [Abstract]

Western blot analysis of Phlorizin (PHZ 200 μM) showed that the expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, FoxO1 and Foxp3 all increased after treatment.
Bioorg Chem

Discovery of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside as a novel CNT2 inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 30:154:108108. PMID: 39753042
RSC Adv

Cytosolic β-glucosidase inhibition and renal blood flow suppression are leading causes for the enhanced systemic exposure of salidroside in hypoxic rats. [Abstract]

2018 Feb 23;8(16):8469-8483. PMID: 35539855
Virus Res

Decreased NHE3 activity and trafficking in TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells via the SGLT1-mediated P38 MAPK/AKt2 pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 15;280:197901. PMID: 32070687
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Glucose transports in the ileum: mechanism, regulation and physiological role of ileal glucose absorption. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 19:785:152676. PMID: 41005286
bioRxiv

2024 Mar 30.
SSRN

2023 Jun 15.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (114.57 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 1 mg/mL (2.29 mM; Need ultrasonic)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.2914 mL

11.4571 mL

22.9142 mL

5 mM

0.4583 mL

2.2914 mL

4.5828 mL

10 mM

0.2291 mL

1.1457 mL

2.2914 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.73 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.73 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.73 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 1.75 mg/mL (4.01 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 20% HP-β-CD in Saline

Solubility: 15.15 mg/mL (34.72 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (297 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
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- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
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COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Pajor AM, et al. Inhibitor binding in the human renal low- and high-affinity Na+/glucose cotransporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008;324(3):985-991. [Content Brief]

[2]. Chang WT, et al. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of phloretin and phlorizin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages. Food Chem. 2012;134(2):972-979. [Content Brief]

[3]. Katsuda Y, et al. Contribution of hyperglycemia on diabetic complications in obese type 2 diabetic SDT fatty rats: effects of SGLT inhibitor phlorizin. Exp Anim. 2015;64(2):161-169. [Content Brief]

[4]. Ni T, et al. Phlorizin, an Important Glucoside: Research Progress on Its Biological Activity and Mechanism. Molecules. 2024;29(3):741. Published 2024 Feb 5. [Content Brief]

[5]. Ehrenkranz JR, et al. Phlorizin: a review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2005 Jan-Feb;21(1):31-8.
[Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	2.2914 mL	11.4571 mL	22.9142 mL	57.2856 mL
DMSO	5 mM	0.4583 mL	2.2914 mL	4.5828 mL	11.4571 mL
	10 mM	0.2291 mL	1.1457 mL	2.2914 mL	5.7286 mL
	15 mM	0.1528 mL	0.7638 mL	1.5276 mL	3.8190 mL
	20 mM	0.1146 mL	0.5729 mL	1.1457 mL	2.8643 mL
	25 mM	0.0917 mL	0.4583 mL	0.9166 mL	2.2914 mL
	30 mM	0.0764 mL	0.3819 mL	0.7638 mL	1.9095 mL
	40 mM	0.0573 mL	0.2864 mL	0.5729 mL	1.4321 mL
	50 mM	0.0458 mL	0.2291 mL	0.4583 mL	1.1457 mL
	60 mM	0.0382 mL	0.1910 mL	0.3819 mL	0.9548 mL
	80 mM	0.0286 mL	0.1432 mL	0.2864 mL	0.7161 mL
	100 mM	0.0229 mL	0.1146 mL	0.2291 mL	0.5729 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

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Phlorizin

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