Porphyra 334
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Porphyra 334 is a carnosine-like amino acid and a natural photoprotective agent and antioxidant. Porphyra-334 exerts its photoprotective effects by scavenging ROS, inhibiting the expression and activity of MMP-1/8, and promoting the synthesis of collagen and elastin. Porphyra 334 effectively inhibits linoleic acid oxidation induced by alkyl radicals (AAPH) and singlet oxygen. Porphyra 334 has anti-obesity potential by inhibiting the expression of PPARγ2 and C/EBPα. Porphyra 334 protects cells against UV-induced DNA damage and apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.58%
- CAS No.: 70579-26-9
- Formula: C14H22N2O8
- Molecular Weight:346.33
-
Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
-
Biological Activity
-
Chemical Information
-
Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
-
Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
|
PPARγ2 |
MMP-1 |
MMP-8 |
Caspase 3 |
In Vitro
Porphyra-334 (6.25-200 μM; 24 h) shows no cytotoxicity against 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at the highest concentration of 200 μM[1].
Porphyra-334 (0.1-1.0 μM) inhibits lipid droplet accumulation in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner[1].
Porphyra-334 (0.1-1.0 μM; 5 days) dose-dependently and significantly reduces the mRNA expression levels of PPARγ2, C/EBPα, adiponectin, and leptin in 3T3-L1 cells[1].
Porphyra-334 (0.1 mg/mL; 24-96 h) restores cell proliferation to approximately 88% of that in the unirradiated control group by reducing caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, and the number of apoptotic cells, thereby alleviating UV-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells[2].
Porphyra 334 (10-40 μM; 24 h) protects human skin fibroblasts (CCD-986sk) exposed to long-wave ultraviolet (UVA) radiation from photoaging by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting the expression of MMP-1/MMP-8 and elastase activity, and increasing the levels of procollagen, type I collagen and elastin[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
-
Cell Line:3T3-L1 preadipocytes
-
Concentration:6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 200 μM
-
Incubation Time:24 h
-
Result:Showed no cytotoxic effect on 3T3-L1 cells at concentrations <200 μM, with cell viability comparable to the control group; Observed no morphological changes similar to the control.
-
Cell Line:3T3-L1 cells
-
Concentration:0.1 and 1.0 μM
-
Incubation Time:5 days
-
Result:Significantly reduced the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), adiponectin, and leptin in a dose-dependent manner.
Chemical Information
-
CAS No. 70579-26-9
-
Appearance Solid
-
Molecular Weight 346.33
-
Formula C14H22N2O8
-
Color White to off-white
-
SMILES
C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)/N=C1C(OC)=C(C[C@](O)(C/1)CO)NCC(O)=O
-
Structure Classification
-
Initial Source
Palythoa tuberculosa
-
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (288.74 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.22 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.22 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
-
-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
-
%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
-
%+
-
+%Tween-80 + +
-
%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
-
RNA extraction experimental
By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.
-
Mitochondrial membrane-potential fluorescent assay
Mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescent assays estimate ΔΨm in living cells using lipophilic cationic dyes such as TMRM, TMRE, rhodamine 123, and JC-1, which accumulate in mitochondria according to membrane polarization; loss of signal after FCCP or CCCP treatment is interpreted as mitochondrial depolarization. TMRM/TMRE and rhodamine 123 are commonly used for semi-quantitative live-cell microscopy or flow cytometry, while JC-1 can report a shift from red aggregate fluorescence to green monomer fluorescence during depolarization; interpretation requires controls because dye concentration, quenching mode, cell type, dye efflux, and mitochondrial mass can affect fluorescence independently of ΔΨm.
-
Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
-
TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
-
Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
-
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
-
Mitochondrial membrane-potential and mitochondrial mass staining
Mitochondrial membrane potential staining measures the electrochemical polarization across the mitochondrial inner membrane in live cells using lipophilic cationic fluorescent probes; early rhodamine-based work showed that selective mitochondrial dye accumulation is lost when the mitochondrial transmembrane potential is dissipated. JC-1 reports mitochondrial polarization by shifting from green monomer fluorescence to red J-aggregate fluorescence as dye concentration increases within energized mitochondria; therefore, the red/green fluorescence ratio is used as a relative readout of mitochondrial membrane potential. TMRE or TMRM staining provides a single-channel relative readout because these cationic rhodamine esters accumulate in polarized mitochondria, and lower fluorescence indicates reduced mitochondrial polarization when acquisition and dye-loading conditions are controlled. Mitochondrial mass staining is commonly performed with MitoTracker Green FM or related MitoTracker dyes as
-
Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
-
Fibers: Elastic Fiber Staining
Elastic fiber staining is a histochemical technique used to selectively visualize elastin-rich structures such as elastic fibers in connective tissues (e. g. , blood vessels, lung, dermis) based on the affinity of specific dyes or oxidation products for elastin-associated amino acid residues and cross-linked elastic matrix components. Classical methods such as Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG), resorcin-fuchsin (Weigert-type stains), or aldehyde fuchsin rely on differential binding of dye complexes to elastic fibers, allowing them to be distinguished from collagen and other extracellular matrix components by contrast staining (typically black or deep purple elastic fibers against red collagen counterstain). These methods are widely used in histopathology to evaluate elastic fiber integrity, fragmentation, or remodeling in vascular diseases, pulmonary pathology, and connective tissue disorders.
-
Research Protocol for Metabolic Diseases
AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK, is a conserved cellular energy sensor that responds to reduced cellular energy status and coordinates metabolism by increasing ATP-generating catabolic pathways while suppressing ATP-consuming anabolic processes. In metabolic disease research, the AMPK pathway is experimentally relevant because it regulates hepatic lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, glucose production, skeletal-muscle glucose disposal, mTORC1-linked biosynthesis, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and whole-body energy balance. The central pathway logic is that energy stress, metformin, exercise-like stimulation, or direct AMPK activators increase AMPKα Thr172 phosphorylation and downstream substrate phosphorylation, including ACC and RAPTOR. Phosphorylation of ACC suppresses lipogenesis and supports fatty acid oxidation, whereas phosphorylation of RAPTOR suppresses mTORC1 signaling and links cellular energy status to growth and protein synthesis control. The pathway is linked
-
Genotoxicity/Mutagenicity Study
The bacterial reverse mutation assay detects point mutations that restore amino-acid prototrophy in auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli tester strains; after exposure to a test article, mutagenic activity is read out as an increased number of revertant colonies on minimal agar compared with the vehicle control. The assay uses tester strains with different mutation targets so that base-substitution and frameshift mutagens can be detected, and testing is performed with and without exogenous mammalian metabolic activation because some chemicals require biotransformation to become mutagenic.
Purity & Documentation
-
Data Sheet (276 KB)
-
SDS (251 KB)
- English - EN (251 KB)
- Français - FR (251 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (251 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (251 KB)
- Español - ES (251 KB)
- Swedish - SV (251 KB)
- Italian - IT (251 KB)
- Korean - KR (251 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (251 KB)
-
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[2]. Suh SS, et al. Porphyra-334, a mycosporine-like amino acid, attenuates UV-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Acta Pharm. 2017;67(2):257-264. [Content Brief]
[3]. Ryu J, et al. Protective effect of porphyra-334 on UVA-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med. 2014;34(3):796-803. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.8874 mL | 14.4371 mL | 28.8742 mL | 72.1855 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5775 mL | 2.8874 mL | 5.7748 mL | 14.4371 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2887 mL | 1.4437 mL | 2.8874 mL | 7.2185 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1925 mL | 0.9625 mL | 1.9249 mL | 4.8124 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1444 mL | 0.7219 mL | 1.4437 mL | 3.6093 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1155 mL | 0.5775 mL | 1.1550 mL | 2.8874 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0962 mL | 0.4812 mL | 0.9625 mL | 2.4062 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0722 mL | 0.3609 mL | 0.7219 mL | 1.8046 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0577 mL | 0.2887 mL | 0.5775 mL | 1.4437 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0481 mL | 0.2406 mL | 0.4812 mL | 1.2031 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0361 mL | 0.1805 mL | 0.3609 mL | 0.9023 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0289 mL | 0.1444 mL | 0.2887 mL | 0.7219 mL |
Porphyra 334 Related Classifications
HY-126956 Related Classifications
Powered by Bioz
Keywords
- Porphyra 334
- 70579-26-9
- Porphyra334
- Porphyra-334
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- MMP
- Collagen
- PPAR
- DNA/RNA Synthesis
- Apoptosis
- Caspase
- CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα)
- 3T3-L1 cells
- laver
- human skin fibroblasts
- HaCaT cells
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2)
- CCD-986sk
- leptin
- matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)
- adiponectin (ADIPOQ)
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit