Cat. No.: HY-10219

Rapamycin

(Synonyms: Sirolimus; AY-22989; NSC 226080)

1369 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 1369 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific blood-brain barrier-transmissible mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin is a molecular glue that binds FKBP12 and mTOR proteins together, thereby inhibiting mTOR kinase activity. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1. Rapamycin is an autophagy activator, an immunosuppressant.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.94%
CAS No.: 53123-88-9
Formula: C₅₁H₇₉NO₁₃
Molecular Weight:914.17

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Rapamycin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 53123-88-9

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (1369)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[2]

mTOR

0.1 nM (IC₅₀, in HEK293 cells )

Microbial Metabolite

FKBP12

Autophagy

All mTOR Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

All Antibiotic Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	18.74 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 31546197]
A549	IC₅₀	30.72 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33862514]
A549	IC₅₀	49.35 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antitumor activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by Cell Titer-Glo assay Antitumor activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by Cell Titer-Glo assay	[PMID: 35688004]
C-33-A	IC₅₀	<50 nM Compound: 25	Antiproliferative activity against human C-33-A cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human C-33-A cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 36669398]
Caov-3 cell line	IC₅₀	<50 nM Compound: 25	Antiproliferative activity against human Caov-3 cell line assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human Caov-3 cell line assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 36669398]
DU-145	IC₅₀	4 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antitumor activity against human DU-145 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Antitumor activity against human DU-145 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 35688004]
HCT-8	IC₅₀	1.25 μM Compound: Sirolimus	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Rhodamine 123 transport (basal to apical) (R123: 15 uM) in HCT-8 cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Rhodamine 123 transport (basal to apical) (R123: 15 uM) in HCT-8 cells	[PMID: 12235265]
HEK293	IC₅₀	1.1 μM Compound: Rapamycin	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Phalloidin uptake (Phalloidin: 1 uM) in OATP-C-expressing HEK293 cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Phalloidin uptake (Phalloidin: 1 uM) in OATP-C-expressing HEK293 cells	[PMID: 14530907]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.1 nM Compound: rapamycin	Inhibition of mTOR kinase expressed in human HEK293 cells by Western blot analysis Inhibition of mTOR kinase expressed in human HEK293 cells by Western blot analysis	[PMID: 17350953]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Inhibition of TPA-induced degradation of Pdcd4 (amino acid 39-91) expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as minimum compound concentration required for 50% recovery of Pdcd4-luciferase signal incubated for 8 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of TPA-induced degradation of Pdcd4 (amino acid 39-91) expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as minimum compound concentration required for 50% recovery of Pdcd4-luciferase signal incubated for 8 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 21539301]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.1 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Inhibition of mTOR in HEK293 cells Inhibition of mTOR in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 32324396]
HEK-293T	EC₅₀	0.1 nM Compound: RAPA	Antiviral activity against HIV1 R5 assessed as inhibition of cell-cell fusion between R5-envelope expressing HEK293T cells and CD8 depleted human PBMCs pretreated for 6 days Antiviral activity against HIV1 R5 assessed as inhibition of cell-cell fusion between R5-envelope expressing HEK293T cells and CD8 depleted human PBMCs pretreated for 6 days	[PMID: 17485501]
HEK-293T	EC₅₀	1.3 nM Compound: RAPA	Antiviral activity against HIV1 X4 assessed as inhibition of cell-cell fusion between X4-envelope expressing HEK293T cells and CD8 depleted human PBMCs pretreated for 6 days Antiviral activity against HIV1 X4 assessed as inhibition of cell-cell fusion between X4-envelope expressing HEK293T cells and CD8 depleted human PBMCs pretreated for 6 days	[PMID: 17485501]
HeLa	IC₅₀	>10000 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 29308895]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.77 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells	[PMID: 30015070]
HepG2	EC₅₀	10 μM Compound: Sirolimus	Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 after 24 hrs by luminescent analysis Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 after 24 hrs by luminescent analysis	[PMID: 20966043]
HepG2	CC₅₀	67.2 μM Compound: 78	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay	[PMID: 28051303]
HT-3	IC₅₀	<50 nM Compound: 25	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 36669398]
K562	IC₅₀	1 mM Compound: rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells	[PMID: 18571290]
MCF7	IC₅₀	4980 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 29308895]
MCF7	IC₅₀	18.74 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 31546197]
MCF7	EC₅₀	<1 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 5 days by Presto blue reagent-based fluorescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 5 days by Presto blue reagent-based fluorescence analysis	10.1039/C5MD00493D
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	>10000 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 29308895]
MDA-MB-231	GI₅₀	>100 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 32510949]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	0.9 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs	[PMID: 33139111]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	35.79 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33862514]
MDA-MB-453	GI₅₀	0.05 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-453 cells incubated for 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-453 cells incubated for 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 32510949]
MDA-MB-468	IC₅₀	37.2 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33862514]
ME-180	IC₅₀	<50 nM Compound: 25	Antiproliferative activity against human ME-180 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human ME-180 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 36669398]
MEF	IC₅₀	0.05 nM Compound: Sirolimus	Inhibition of mTOR in mouse TSC1-/- MEF cells assessed as inhibition of S6 Ser240/244 phosphorylation incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence based assay Inhibition of mTOR in mouse TSC1-/- MEF cells assessed as inhibition of S6 Ser240/244 phosphorylation incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence based assay	[PMID: 31223435]
MV4-11	IC₅₀	>500 nM Compound: RAPA	Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30629434]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	>10000 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Growth inhibition of human H460 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Growth inhibition of human H460 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 29308895]
OCI-AML2	IC₅₀	>500 nM Compound: RAPA	Antiproliferative activity against human OCI-AML2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human OCI-AML2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30629434]
OCI-AML-3	IC₅₀	>500 nM Compound: RAPA	Antiproliferative activity against human OCI-AML3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human OCI-AML3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30629434]
OVCAR-5	IC₅₀	>10000 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Growth inhibition of human OVCAR5 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Growth inhibition of human OVCAR5 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 29308895]
OVCAR-8	IC₅₀	<50 nM Compound: 25	Antiproliferative activity against human OVCAR-8 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human OVCAR-8 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 36669398]
PC-3	IC₅₀	<0.01 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells	[PMID: 21978683]
PC-3	IC₅₀	<0.01 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Inhibition of mTOR-mediated S6 phosphorylation in human PC3 cells Inhibition of mTOR-mediated S6 phosphorylation in human PC3 cells	[PMID: 21978683]
PC-3	IC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Inhibition of mTOR-mediated Akt phosphorylation in human PC3 cells Inhibition of mTOR-mediated Akt phosphorylation in human PC3 cells	[PMID: 21978683]
PC-3	EC₅₀	43.1 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 28774426]
PC-3	IC₅₀	1.3 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antitumor activity against human PC-3 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Antitumor activity against human PC-3 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 35688004]
SF-268	IC₅₀	2.7 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antitumor activity against human SF-268 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Antitumor activity against human SF-268 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 35688004]
SiHa	IC₅₀	1756 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Growth inhibition of human SiHa cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Growth inhibition of human SiHa cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 29308895]
SK-MEL-2	IC₅₀	1 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Synergistic cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells expressing NRAS mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 48 hrs in presence of LY3214996 by MTT assay Synergistic cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells expressing NRAS mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 48 hrs in presence of LY3214996 by MTT assay	[PMID: 36961300]
SK-MEL-2	IC₅₀	1 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Synergistic cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells expressing NRAS mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 48 hrs in presence of MEK-162 by MTT assay Synergistic cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells expressing NRAS mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 48 hrs in presence of MEK-162 by MTT assay	[PMID: 36961300]
SK-OV-3	IC₅₀	>10000 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Growth inhibition of human SKOV3 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Growth inhibition of human SKOV3 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 29308895]
SK-OV-3	IC₅₀	<50 nM Compound: 25	Antiproliferative activity against human SK-OV-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human SK-OV-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 5 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 36669398]
SUM185PE	GI₅₀	0.04 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Antiproliferative activity against human SUM185PE cells incubated for 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Antiproliferative activity against human SUM185PE cells incubated for 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 32510949]
T47D	IC₅₀	1576 nM Compound: Rapamycin	Growth inhibition of human T47D cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Growth inhibition of human T47D cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 29308895]
T-cell	IC₅₀	1.6 nM Compound: 1	T-cell antiproliferative activity in human mixed lymphocyte reaction T-cell antiproliferative activity in human mixed lymphocyte reaction	[PMID: 16185865]
T-cell	IC₅₀	2600 nM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity in Lewis rat lymph node cells in rat mixed lymphocyte reaction Antiproliferative activity in Lewis rat lymph node cells in rat mixed lymphocyte reaction	[PMID: 16185865]
T-cell	IC₅₀	9.8 nM Compound: 1	Tested for inhibition of T cell proliferation in the co-mitogen stimulated proliferation assay Tested for inhibition of T cell proliferation in the co-mitogen stimulated proliferation assay	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00223-G
U-87MG ATCC	IC₅₀	10 μM Compound: Rapamycin	Antitumor activity against human U-87 MG cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Antitumor activity against human U-87 MG cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 35688004]

In Vitro

Rapamycin (12.5-100 nM; 24 hours) treatment exerts modest inhibitory effect on lung cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in all cell lines (A549, SPC-A-1, 95D and NCI-H446 cells) tested, achieving about 30-40% reduction in cell proliferation at 100 nM vs. ~10% reduction at 12.5 nM^[3].
Lung cancer cell line 95D cells are exposed to Rapamycin (10 nM, 20 nM) and RP-56976 (1 nM, 10 nM) alone or in combination (Rapamycin 20 nM+ RP-56976 10 nM). After 24 hours exposure to Rapamycin or RP-56976 alone does not significantly alter the level of expression or phosphorylation of ERK1/2, whereas cells treated with the combination of Rapamycin with RP-56976 exhibit a marked reduction in the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[3]

Cell Line:

Lung cancer cell lines A549, SPC-A-1, 95D and NCI-H446
Concentration:

12.5 nM, 25 nM, 50 nM, 100 nM
Incubation Time:

24 hours
Result:

Treatment exerted modest inhibitory effect on lung cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in all cell lines.

Western Blot Analysis^[3]

Cell Line:

95D cells
Concentration:

10 nM and 20 nM
Incubation Time:

24 hours
Result:

Combination treatment with RP-56976 decreased phosphorylation of ERK.

In Vivo

Rapamycin (2.0 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; every other day; 28 days) alone has a moderate inhibitory effect. However, the combination of Metformin (HY-B0627) and Rapamycin exerts a significantly increased inhibition of tumor growth compared with the control group, the Rapamycin monotherapy group and the Metformin monotherapy group^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

24 male nu/nu mice aged 4-5 week old (15-20 g)^[4]
Dosage:

2.0 mg/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection; every other day; 28 days
Result:

Had a moderate inhibitory effect in monotherapy group. The combination with Metformin exerted a significantly increased inhibition of tumor growth.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 53123-88-9
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 914.17
Formula C₅₁H₇₉NO₁₃
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C([C@@]1(O)[C@@H](CC[C@@H](C[C@@H](/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C[C@@H](C)C([C@@H]([C@@H](/C(C)=C/[C@H]2C)O)OC)=O)C)OC)O1)C)C(N3CCCC[C@H]3C(O[C@@H](CC2=O)[C@@H](C[C@H]4C[C@H]([C@H](O)CC4)OC)C)=O)=O
Synonyms

Sirolimus; AY-22989; NSC 226080
Structure Classification
- Antibiotics
- Macrolide Antibiotics
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (1369)

All WBCell Imaging/StainingIHCCell Proliferation/Viability AssayIFRT-PCR

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Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

Selective depletion of tumor-associated SAMHD1 enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy and antitumor immune responses. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. PMID: 41392286
Signal Transduct Target Ther

Targeted therapy for capillary-venous malformations. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 17;9(1):146. PMID: 38880808

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024 Jun 17;9(1):146. [Abstract]

Western blot of P-AKTSer473 and P-S6RP of the skin of PIK3CA^WT and PIK3CA^Tie2-CreER mice treated with either vehicle, Rapamycin (4 -30 mg/kg; p.o.), miransertib or alpelisib (n = 3–4 per group).

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024 Jun 17;9(1):146. [Abstract]

Representative immunofluorescence staining of KI67 in the skin of PIK3CA^WT and PIK3CA^Tie2-CreER mice treated with either vehicle, Rapamycin (4 -30 mg/kg; p.o.). Scale bar: 10 μm.
Signal Transduct Target Ther

Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) deficiency elicits EGFR-TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 9;9(1):65. PMID: 38461173
Signal Transduct Target Ther

Cyst(e)ine in nutrition formulation promotes colon cancer growth and chemoresistance by activating mTORC1 and scavenging ROS. [Abstract]

2021 May 28;6(1):188. PMID: 34045438
Nature

Stress dynamically modulates neuronal autophagy to gate depression onset. [Abstract]

2025 May;641(8062):427-437. PMID: 40205038
Nature

Gliocidin is a nicotinamide-mimetic prodrug that targets glioblastoma. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;636(8042):466-473. PMID: 39567689

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2024 Dec;636(8042):466-473. [Abstract]

Rapamycin (20 nM; 48 h) attenuates GFAP-induced cell death in NG2-3112 cells via inhibition of mTORC1.
Nature

PIK3CA and CCM mutations fuel cavernomas through a cancer-like mechanism. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;594(7862):271-276. PMID: 33910229

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2021 Jun;594(7862):271-276. [Abstract]

Rapamycin inhibits the increase in phospho-S6 in Krit1BECKO brain endothelial cells (without affecting the rise in KLF4). f, Immunostaining of hindbrain sections from P6 Krit1iBECKO animals treated with vehicle or Rapamycin for PECAM1 and p-S6. White arrows indicate p-S6 positive endothelial cells in the control but not the Rapmycin treated animal. Yellow arrowheads indicate p-S6 positive neuronal cells. g, Immunostaining of hindbrain sections from P6 Krit1iBECKO animals treated with vehicle
Nature

Targeted therapy in patients with PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome. [Abstract]

2018 Jun;558(7711):540-546. PMID: 29899452

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2018 Jun;558(7711):540-546. [Abstract]

Western blot and quantification of P-AKT (Ser⁴⁷³) and P-S6RP in the liver, heart and muscle, respectively, of PIK3CA^WT and PIK3CA^CAGG-CreER mice treated with vehicle or Rapamycin directly after Cre induction.
Nature

Inhibition of mTOR induces a paused pluripotent state. [Abstract]

2016 Dec 1;540(7631):119-123. PMID: 27880763
Science

Direct sensing of dietary ω-6 linoleic acid through FABP5-mTORC1 signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 14;387(6739):eadm9805. PMID: 40080571
Science

Autoregulated splicing of TRA2 β programs T cell fate in response to antigen-receptor stimulation. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 13;385(6714):eadj1979. PMID: 39265028

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Science. 2024 Sep 13;385(6714):eadj1979. [Abstract]

Rapamycin (1 μM; 12 h) significantly suppresses Tra2β-PE skipping 12 hours after T cell activation by inhibiting mTOR signaling.
Cancer Cell

A hotspot mutation in transcription factor IKZF3 drives B cell neoplasia via transcriptional dysregulation. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 8;39(3):380-393.e8. PMID: 33689703

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell. 2021 Mar 8;39(3):380-393.e8. [Abstract]

Viability of cells treated for 24 h with bafetinib (5 μM), ibrutinib (5 μM), rapamycin (5 μM) or γ-secretase inhibitor (5 μM). Data were compared using a one-sided paired t test followed by Bonferroni correction.
Cell

CD36-mediated endocytosis of proteolysis-targeting chimeras. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 12;188(12):3219-3237.e18. PMID: 40250420
Cell

C5a-licensed phagocytes drive sterilizing immunity during systemic fungal infection. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 22;186(13):2802-2822.e22. PMID: 37220746
Mol Cancer

HPGD induces ferroptosis and autophagy to suppress esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the LXA4-ERK1/2-U2AF2-TFRC axis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 2;24(1):241. PMID: 41039452
Mol Cancer

S6K1 amplification confers innate resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors through activating c-Myc pathway in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 30;21(1):171. PMID: 36042494
Cell Metab

Endometrial stromal cell-derived TMAO sustains decidualization to prevent recurrent spontaneous abortion. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 3;38(2):316-330.e8. PMID: 41512878
Cell Metab

Body-wide multi-omic counteraction of aging with GLP-1R agonism. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 2;37(12):2362-2380.e8. PMID: 41265449
Cell Metab

AMPKα2 signals amino acid insufficiency to inhibit protein synthesis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 7:S1550-4131(25)00389-4. PMID: 41061696
Cell Metab

The tRNA-GCN2-FBXO22-axis-mediated mTOR ubiquitination senses amino acid insufficiency. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 5;35(12):2216-2230.e8. PMID: 37979583
Cell Metab

Fasting-mimicking diet blocks triple-negative breast cancer and cancer stem cell escape. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 2;33(11):2247-2259.e6. PMID: 34731655
Nat Cancer

MEF2D-expressing cancer precursors reprogram tissue-resident macrophages to support liver tumorigenesis. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;6(12):1955-1975. PMID: 41131393
Nat Cancer

Innate immunity and the NF-κB pathway control prostate stem cell plasticity, reprogramming and tumor initiation. [Abstract]

2025 Sep;6(9):1537-1558. PMID: 40550901
Nat Immunol

Thymic alveolar type 2 epithelial mimetic cells revealed by RUNX1 deficiency. [Abstract]

2026 Jul;27(7):1462-1475. PMID: 42185467
Nat Biomed Eng

TLR7/8-agonist-loaded nanoparticles promote the polarization of tumour-associated macrophages to enhance cancer immunotherapy. [Abstract]

2018 Aug;2(8):578-588. PMID: 31015631
Immunity

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay inhibition reshapes the cancer immunopeptidome. [Abstract]

2026 May 12;59(5):1398-1421.e20. PMID: 41956098
Immunity

Type 2 cytokine signaling in macrophages protects from cellular senescence and organismal aging. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 12;57(3):513-527.e6. PMID: 38262419

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Immunity. 2024 Mar 12;57(3):513-527.e6. [Abstract]

Rapamycin (50 nM) inhibited inflammation caused by STAT6 deficiency in macrophages (WT and Stat6^-/- BMDMs).
Immunity

ARMH3-mediated recruitment of PI4KB directs Golgi-to-endosome trafficking and activation of the antiviral effector STING. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 14;56(3):500-515.e6. PMID: 36921576
Cell Res

Structural insights into dimerization and activation of the mGlu2-mGlu3 and mGlu2-mGlu4 heterodimers. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;33(10):762-774. PMID: 37286794
Sci Bull

2015 Dec;60(24):2120-2128.

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Bull. 2015 Dec;60(24):2120-2128.

CNE-2Z cells were treated with Rapamycin with or without 1 T SMF for 3 d before they were harvested for Western blot.
Cell Stem Cell

Activation of a branched-chain amino acid rheostat restores replication-dependent hematopoietic stem cell fitness. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 5;33(2):289-305.e6. PMID: 41534523
Cell Stem Cell

Kidney organoid models reveal cilium-autophagy metabolic axis as a therapeutic target for PKD both in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 4;31(1):52-70.e8. PMID: 38181751
Bioact Mater

Cartilage-targeting peptide-modified dual-drug delivery nanoplatform with NIR laser response for osteoarthritis therapy. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 26;6(8):2372-2389. PMID: 33553822
Cell Mol Immunol

GPNMB disrupts SNARE complex assembly to maintain bacterial proliferation within macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 May;22(5):512-526. PMID: 40038549
Nat Aging

Modulating mTOR-dependent astrocyte substate transitions to alleviate neurodegeneration. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;5(3):468-485. PMID: 39779911
Nat Cell Biol

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2026 Apr;28(4):812-827. PMID: 41803502
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2026 Apr 8;34(4):657-671.e7. PMID: 41794037
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2025 Jun 6. PMID: 40479615
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PI3Kβ functions as a protein kinase to promote cellular protein O-GlcNAcylation and acetyl-CoA production for tumor growth. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 19:S1097-2765(25)00186-8. PMID: 40132583
Mol Cell

CDK4/6 inhibitor-mediated cell overgrowth triggers osmotic and replication stress to promote senescence. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 16;83(22):4062-4077.e5. PMID: 37977118
Cancer Res

PTTG1 reprograms asparagine metabolism to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 14;83(14):2372-2386. PMID: 37159932
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TSC1 binding to lysosomal PIPs is required for TSC complex translocation and mTORC1 regulation. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 1;81(13):2705-2721.e8. PMID: 33974911
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The ER-Localized Transmembrane Protein TMEM39A/SUSR2 Regulates Autophagy by Controlling the Trafficking of the PtdIns(4)P Phosphatase SAC1. [Abstract]

2020 Feb 6;77(3):618-632.e5. PMID: 31806350
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SLAMF3 and SLAMF4 are immune checkpoints that constrain macrophage phagocytosis of hematopoietic tumors. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 21;7(67):eabj5501. PMID: 35061505
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Polystyrene Nanoplastics Activate Autophagy and Suppress Trophoblast Cell Migration/Invasion and Migrasome Formation to Induce Miscarriage. [Abstract]

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Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Nano. 2024 Jan 30;18(4):3733-3751. [Abstract]

The relative protein levels of LC-3BII/Ⅰ(ratios), P62, SOX2, and ROCK1 in Swan 71 cells treated with SC79, Rapamycin (RAPA), or SC79+RAPA.
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INSIG1/2 succination mediated by the moonlighting function of ADSL promotes lipogenesis and liver tumorigenesis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 15;17(1):4002. PMID: 41833955
Nat Commun

Microbiota-induced EI24 improves homeostasis but impedes function of alveolar macrophages via metabolic regulation. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 31;17(1):2227. PMID: 41620436
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A compact and inducible dCas12f-based CRISPRa platform for programmable in vivo gene activation. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 8;17(1):1447. PMID: 41507205
Nat Commun

PRDX1 promotes testosterone synthesis and attenuates aging via redox regulation of ATG4B to modulate lipophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 19;16(1):10181. PMID: 41261096
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DISC1 Protects Against Zika Virus Infection and Long-Term Neurological Damage Through AMPK-mTOR-Mediated Autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 7;16(1):9841. PMID: 41203603
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Transient rapamycin treatment avoids unwanted host immune responses toward AAV-delivered anti-HIV antibodies. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 7;16(1):8906. PMID: 41057323
Nat Commun

The inner nuclear membrane protein LEMD3 organizes the 3D chromatin architecture to maintain vascular smooth muscle cell identity. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 3;16(1):8826. PMID: 41044070
Nat Commun

Helicobacter hepaticus promotes hepatic steatosis through CdtB-induced mitochondrial stress and lipid metabolism reprogramming. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 26;16(1):7954. PMID: 40858606
Nat Commun

PEAK1 maintains tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells and resists colitis by inhibiting autophagy-mediated ZO-1 degradation. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 24;16(1):6777. PMID: 40707483
Nat Commun

mTORC1 cooperates with tRNA wobble modification to sustain the protein synthesis machinery. [Abstract]

2025 May 6;16(1):4201. PMID: 40328729
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A glucose-enriched lung pre-metastatic niche triggered by matrix stiffness-tuned exosomal miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 18;16(1):1736. PMID: 39966385
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Blockade of glucagon receptor induces α-cell hypersecretion by hyperaminoacidemia in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 12;16(1):2473. PMID: 40075066
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Cannabidiol ameliorates mitochondrial disease via PPARγ activation in preclinical models. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 4;15(1):7730. PMID: 39231983
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Cholesterol-rich lysosomes induced by respiratory syncytial virus promote viral replication by blocking autophagy flux. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 26;15(1):6311. PMID: 39060258
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2024 Apr 3;15(1):2875. PMID: 38570497
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RNA m6A methylation modulates airway inflammation in allergic asthma via PTX3-dependent macrophage homeostasis. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 13;14(1):7328. PMID: 37957139
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Engineering micro oxygen factories to slow tumour progression via hyperoxic microenvironments. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 2;13(1):4495. PMID: 35918337
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Somatic mutations and single-cell transcriptomes reveal the root of malignant rhabdoid tumours. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 3;12(1):1407. PMID: 33658498
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Endonuclease G promotes autophagy by suppressing mTOR signaling and activating the DNA damage response. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 20;12(1):476. PMID: 33473107
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Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2017 Jun 8;8:15617. [Abstract]

Immunoblot analysis of KRAS protein levels in parental (P) and resistant derivatives (R1 and R2) following 4 h treatment with the corresponding inhibitor Rapamycin.
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Redox regulation of TRIM28 facilitates neuronal ferroptosis by promoting SUMOylation and inhibiting OPTN-selective autophagic degradation of ACSL4. [Abstract]

2025 Jun;32(6):1041-1057. PMID: 39875520
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CCL2 regulation of MST1-mTOR-STAT1 signaling axis controls BCR signaling and B-cell differentiation. [Abstract]

2021 Sep;28(9):2616-2633. PMID: 33879857
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Chaperone-mediated autophagy directs a dual mechanism to balance premature senescence and senolysis to prevent intervertebral disc degeneration. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 12;13(1):62. PMID: 40506462
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The HOXC10/NOD1/ERK axis drives osteolytic bone metastasis of pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 27;12(1):47. PMID: 39191757
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FABP4 secreted by M1-polarized macrophages promotes synovitis and angiogenesis to exacerbate rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 22;10(1):45. PMID: 35729106
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Engineering cannabidiol synergistic carbon monoxide nanocomplexes to enhance cancer therapy via excessive autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Nov;13(11):4591-4606. PMID: 37969731
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2023 Feb;15(681):eabq6024. PMID: 36724242
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2022 May;12(5):2506-2521. PMID: 35646523
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Cancer EV stimulate endothelial glycolysis to fuel protein synthesis via mTOR and AMPKα activation. [Abstract]

2024 Jul;13(7):e12449. PMID: 39001708
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Redirecting NEU (neuraminidase) antigen to autophagosomes confers enhanced cross-reactive T-cell immunity against heterosubtypic influenza virus infection. [Abstract]

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Mitochondrial protein COX5B orchestrates antiviral autophagy and apoptosis to restrict SRBSDV propagation in Sogatella furcifera. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 24:1-19. PMID: 41358576
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SCAMP5 regulates AP-4-dependent sorting and trafficking of ATG9A for presynaptic autophagy via PI4KB/PI4KIIIβ recruitment and PtdInsP4 production at the TGN. [Abstract]

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Dysfunctional autophagy triggers STING1 activation to exacerbate cartilage degeneration in obesity-associated osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 6:1-17. PMID: 40728163
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Pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus infection triggers lipophagy through the AMPK-PNPLA2/ATGL signaling pathway to promote viral replication. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 18:1-20. PMID: 40790888
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PSAT1 inhibits mTORC1 activation by preventing Rag heterodimer formation in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 23:1-16. PMID: 40702660
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Pseudorabies virus gM protein and herpesvirus homologs block selective autophagy to enhance viral replication. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 3:1-17. PMID: 40462306
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ATG9 inhibits Rickettsia binding to the host cell surface by blocking the rOmpB-XRCC6/KU70 interaction. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 21. PMID: 40259479
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HMBOX1 reverses autophagy mediated 5-fluorouracil resistance through promoting HACE1-induced ubiquitination and degradation of ATG5 in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

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Atractylenolide I inhibits angiogenesis and reverses sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through ATP6V0D2-mediated autophagic degradation of EPAS1/HIF2α. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;21(3):619-638. PMID: 39477683
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PLK2-mediated phosphorylation of SQSTM1 S349 promotes aggregation of polyubiquitinated proteins upon proteasomal dysfunction. [Abstract]

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2024 Nov;20(11):2556-2570. PMID: 38873937
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Bunyavirus SFTSV NSs utilizes autophagy to escape the antiviral innate immune response. [Abstract]

2024 May 18. PMID: 38762760
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Impaired lipophagy induced-microglial lipid droplets accumulation contributes to the buildup of TREM1 in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. [Abstract]

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A/(H1N1) pdm09 NS1 promotes viral replication by enhancing autophagy through hijacking the IAV negative regulatory factor LRPPRC. [Abstract]

2023 May;19(5):1533-1550. PMID: 36300799
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A plant virus hijacks phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to escape autophagic degradation in its insect vector. [Abstract]

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SDC1-dependent TGM2 determines radiosensitivity in glioblastoma by coordinating EPG5-mediated fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. [Abstract]

2023 Mar;19(3):839-857. PMID: 35913916
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The ORF7a protein of SARS-CoV-2 initiates autophagy and limits autophagosome-lysosome fusion via degradation of SNAP29 to promote virus replication. [Abstract]

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Rapamycin relieves the cataract caused by ablation of Gja8b through stimulating autophagy in zebrafish. [Abstract]

2021 Nov;17(11):3323-3337. PMID: 33472493
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Ischemia-induced upregulation of autophagy preludes dysfunctional lysosomal storage and associated synaptic impairments in neurons. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;17(6):1519-1542. PMID: 33111641
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TNFAIP8L2/TIPE2 impairs autolysosome reformation via modulating the RAC1-MTORC1 axis. [Abstract]

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m6A mRNA methylation regulates testosterone synthesis through modulating autophagy in Leydig cells. [Abstract]

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Coronavirus Nsp3 Hijacks CLTC to Modulate Autophagosome Nucleation for Promoting DMV Formation and Viral Replication. [Abstract]

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PDZK1-ULK1 Axis Triggers Lipophagy to Inhibit Tumor Progression and Sunitinib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;13(23):e11606. PMID: 41698049
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Trackable Tolerogenic Macrophages Integrate PD-L1 and Rapamycin Signaling to Suppress Alloimmune Responses in Transplantation. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;13(21):e20420. PMID: 41655212
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Flipping the Switch: MeCP2-Mediated Lactylation Rewires Microglial Metabolism and Inflammation via the HK2/mTOR Axis in Poststroke Neuroinflammation. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 22:e13400. PMID: 41429663
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Rescuing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Macrophages Prevents Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Anti-Resorptive Therapy. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 7:e17586. PMID: 41354629
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Activation of Lysosomal Retrograde Transport Triggers TPC1-IP3R1 Ca2+ Crosstalk at Lysosome-ER MCSs Leading to Lethal Depleting of ER Calcium. [Abstract]

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Rapamycin Alleviates Heart Failure Caused by Mitochondrial Dysfunction and SERCA Hypoactivity in Syntaxin 12/13 Deficient Models. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 26:e07210. PMID: 40568929
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Muscle-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Exercise-Induced Cognitive Protection in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 24:e2410209. PMID: 40271743
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Microbiota-Derived Inosine Suppresses Systemic Autoimmunity via Restriction of B Cell Differentiation and Migration. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 28:e2409837. PMID: 40289872
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ADAR1-HNRNPL-Mediated CircCANX Decline Promotes Autophagy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 17:e2414211. PMID: 40091520
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Sleep Deprivation Triggers the Excessive Activation of Ovarian Primordial Follicles via β2 Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 4:e2402393. PMID: 39229959
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PP2Ac Regulates Autophagy via Mediating mTORC1 and ULK1 During Osteoclastogenesis in the Subchondral Bone of Osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 23:e2404080. PMID: 39041921
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The Toxoplasma Effector GRA4 Hijacks Host TBK1 to Oppositely Regulate Anti-T. Gondii Immunity and Tumor Immunotherapy. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 21:e2400952. PMID: 39031880
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Aloperine Suppresses Cancer Progression by Interacting with VPS4A to Inhibit Autophagosome-lysosome Fusion in NSCLC. [Abstract]

2024 Aug;11(31):e2308307. PMID: 39166458
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TRIM24 Cooperates with Ras Mutation to Drive Glioma Progression through snoRNA Recruitment of PHAX and DNA-PKcs. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 3:e2400023. PMID: 38828688
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Targeting Rab7-Rilp Mediated Microlipophagy Alleviates Lipid Toxicity in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 5:e2401676. PMID: 38837607
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Exploring the Link Between Autophagy-Lysosomal Dysfunction and Early Heterotopic Ossification in Tendons. [Abstract]

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A Membrane-Targeting Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe for Monitoring Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis. [Abstract]

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Osteocytes/Osteoblasts Produce SAA3 to Regulate Hepatic Metabolism of Cholesterol. [Abstract]

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Exosomal miR-181d-5p Derived from Rapamycin-Conditioned MDSC Alleviated Allograft Rejection by Targeting KLF6. [Abstract]

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Targeting lncRNA DDIT4-AS1 Sensitizes Triple Negative Breast Cancer to Chemotherapy via Suppressing of Autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;10(17):e2207257. PMID: 37096846
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Glutamine Metabolism Underlies the Functional Similarity of T Cells between Nile Tilapia and Tetrapod. [Abstract]

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Metabolic Reprogramming of NK Cells by Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Potentiates Cancer Immunotherapy. [Abstract]

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Exosome Release Is Regulated by mTORC1. [Abstract]

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Leukemia-expanded splenic CD81+ erythroblasts potentiate disease progression in mice by reshaping leukemic cell metabolism. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 15;135(24):e193082. PMID: 41392984
J Clin Invest

Activin-A enhances mTOR signaling to promote aberrant chondrogenesis in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. [Abstract]

2017 Sep 1;127(9):3339-3352. PMID: 28758906

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Clin Invest. 2017 Sep 1;127(9):3339-3352. [Abstract]

Phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 and SMAD2/3 in FOP-iMSCs. Serum-starved FOP-iMSCs are pretreated with 10 nM Rapamycin (Rapa), 1 μM DMH1, or 1 μM SB-431542 for 1 hour.
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Effects of molecularly targeted therapies on murine thymus: highly selective mTOR inhibitors induce reversible thymic involution. [Abstract]

2016 Jul 29:5:22. PMID: 27478685
Leukemia

A Perturb-seq map of a differentiation hub reveals synergistic vulnerabilities in KMT2A-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 25. PMID: 41882099
Theranostics

Honokiol enhances the sensitivity of cetuximab in KRASG13D mutant colorectal cancer through destroying SNX3-retromer complex. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 26;14(14):5443-5460. PMID: 39310106
Cardiovasc Res

Periodontitis exacerbates atherosclerosis through Fusobacterium nucleatum-promoted hepatic glycolysis and lipogenesis. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 6;119(8):1706-1717. PMID: 36943793
Theranostics

β-glucan-coupled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles induce trained immunity to protect mice against sepsis. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 1;12(2):675-688. PMID: 34976207
Theranostics

DEPTOR stabilizes ErbB2 to promote the proliferation and survival of ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 19;11(13):6355-6369. PMID: 33995662
Theranostics

CXCL12-mediated HOXB5 overexpression facilitates Colorectal Cancer metastasis through transactivating CXCR4 and ITGB3. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 1;11(6):2612-2633. PMID: 33456563
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LncRNA CTBP1-DT-encoded microprotein DDUP sustains DNA damage response signalling to trigger dual DNA repair mechanisms. [Abstract]

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Restoring cardiolipin homeostasis mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ATG5-mediated neuronal autophagy-dependent ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 12:S2090-1232(26)00234-1. PMID: 41831680
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FGF21-FGFR1 signaling protects against cardiac hypertrophy by regulating PINK1-mediated mitophagy pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 29:S2090-1232(25)00848-3. PMID: 41173187
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MK8722 alleviates osteoarthritis by activating Sesn2 and transcriptionally upregulating BNIP3 to promote mitophagy and inhibit chondrocyte ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 10:S2090-1232(25)00764-7. PMID: 41077348
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Salidroside sensitizes Triple-negative breast cancer to ferroptosis by SCD1-mediated lipogenesis and NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. [Abstract]

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Biomaterials

Zn2+-driven metformin conjugated with siRNA attenuates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and activating autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Aug:319:123210. PMID: 40037209
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Activation of TLR7-mediated autophagy increases epileptic susceptibility via reduced KIF5A-dependent GABAA receptor transport in a murine model. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;55(6):1159-1173. PMID: 37258573
Biomaterials

Rapamycin-encapsulated costimulatory ICOS/CD40L-bispecific nanoparticles restrict pathogenic helper T-B-cell interactions while in situ suppressing mTOR for lupus treatment. [Abstract]

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Metformin facilitates mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular nanovesicles release and optimizes therapeutic efficacy in intervertebral disc degeneration. [Abstract]

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A brain somatic RHEB doublet mutation causes focal cortical dysplasia type II. [Abstract]

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Mechanisms of neural infiltration-mediated tumor metabolic reprogramming impacting immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 10;43(1):284. PMID: 39385213
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Loss of Ufl1/Ufbp1 in hepatocytes promotes liver pathological damage and carcinogenesis through activating mTOR signaling. [Abstract]

2023 May 3;42(1):110. PMID: 37131258
Microbiome

Role of nasal microbiota in regulating host anti-influenza immunity in dogs. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 27;13(1):27. PMID: 39871363
Microbiome

RhoB affects colitis through modulating cell signaling and intestinal microbiome. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 16;10(1):149. PMID: 36114582
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Biomimetic ferritin nanocages for synergistic co-delivery of metformin and rapamycin restore neurodevelopmental homeostasis in autism spectrum disorders. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 14;23(1):670. PMID: 41083985
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Sparking angiogenesis by carbon monoxide-rich gold nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser driven CO2 reduction reaction. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 26;23(1):590. PMID: 40859339
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A structured biomimetic nanoparticle as inflammatory factor sponge and autophagy-regulatory agent against intervertebral disc degeneration and discogenic pain. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 14;22(1):486. PMID: 39143545
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Exploring the translational potential of PLGA nanoparticles for intra-articular rapamycin delivery in osteoarthritis therapy. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 4;21(1):361. PMID: 37794470
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3-Bromopyruvate-loaded bismuth sulfide nanospheres improve cancer treatment by synergizing radiotherapy with modulation of tumor metabolism. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 5;21(1):209. PMID: 37408010
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Small extracellular vesicles of hypoxic endothelial cells regulate the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via miR-486-5p/PTEN in a limb ischemia model. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 24;20(1):422. PMID: 36153544
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Huc-MSCs-derived exosomes attenuate inflammatory pain by regulating microglia pyroptosis and autophagy via the miR-146a-5p/TRAF6 axis. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 14;20(1):324. PMID: 35836229
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Autophagy responsive intra-intercellular delivery nanoparticles for effective deep solid tumor penetration. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 25;20(1):300. PMID: 35752856
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The interrupted effect of autophagic flux and lysosomal function induced by graphene oxide in p62-dependent apoptosis of F98 cells. [Abstract]

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Opposing insulin signals underlie the same developmental switch across hemipteran insects. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 13;12(7):eaea4413. PMID: 41686885
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Nanoparticle-boosted myeloid-derived suppressor cell therapy for immune reprogramming in multiple sclerosis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 17;11(42):eady4135. PMID: 41091873
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Tumor-derived RAC1A159V mutation promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that represses response to immune checkpoint inhibitor. [Abstract]

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Mitochondrial ROS trigger interorganellular signaling and prime ER processes to establish enhanced plant immunity. [Abstract]

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Cell Discov

Bergeyella cardium variant induces a unique cytoplasmic vacuolization cell death floatptosis in macrophage. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 21;11(1):83. PMID: 41115953
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Trans-Golgi network tethering factors regulate TBK1 trafficking and promote the STING-IFN-I pathway. [Abstract]

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Energy metabolism as therapeutic target for aged wound repair by engineered extracellular vesicle. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 12;10(15):eadl0372. PMID: 38608014
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Nanoparticle delivery of CD40 siRNA suppresses alloimmune responses by inhibiting activation and differentiation of DCs and macrophages. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 21;8(51):eabq3699. PMID: 36542700
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Mitolysosome exocytosis, a mitophagy-independent mitochondrial quality control in flunarizine-induced parkinsonism-like symptoms. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 15;8(15):eabk2376. PMID: 35417232
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A modular approach toward producing nanotherapeutics targeting the innate immune system. [Abstract]

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Annexin-A1 SUMOylation regulates microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia by modulating IKKα stability via selective autophagy. [Abstract]

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Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide inhibits colon cancer cells growth by inducing apoptosis and autophagy flux blockage via mTOR signaling. [Abstract]

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SNRK modulates mTOR-autophagy pathway for liver lipid homeostasis in MAFLD. [Abstract]

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LINC00470 Coordinates the Epigenetic Regulation of ELFN2 to Distract GBM Cell Autophagy. [Abstract]

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MIOX inhibits autophagy to regulate the ROS -driven inhibition of STAT3/c-Myc-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

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Cholesterol confers ferroptosis resistance onto myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells and prevents irradiation-induced myelosuppression. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:62:102661. PMID: 36906952
Redox Biol

GSTP1-mediated S-glutathionylation of Pik3r1 is a redox hub that inhibits osteoclastogenesis through regulating autophagic flux. [Abstract]

2023 May:61:102635. PMID: 36870110
Redox Biol

Aspirin promotes RSL3-induced ferroptosis by suppressing mTOR/SREBP-1/SCD1-mediated lipogenesis in PIK3CA-mutatnt colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 4;55:102426. PMID: 35963119
Redox Biol

A detrimental role of NLRP6 in host iron metabolism during Salmonella infection. [Abstract]

2022 Feb:49:102217. PMID: 34942528
J Infection

Ibrutinib suppresses intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis growth by inducing macrophage autophagy. [Abstract]

2020 Jun;80(6):e19-e26. PMID: 32171871
J Infection

Interferon regulatory factor 1 eliminates mycobacteria by suppressing p70 S6 kinase via mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. [Abstract]

2019 Sep;79(3):262-276. PMID: 31226272
Biomark Res

Lung cancer cell-intrinsic IL-15 promotes cell migration and sensitizes murine lung tumors to anti-PD-L1 therapy. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 19;12(1):40. PMID: 38637902
J Hazard Mater

Silicon carbide nanoparticles induce pulmonary fibrosis by promoting macrophage apoptosis through parkin-mediated mitophagy disruption and the intervention effect of emodin. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 1:507:141765. PMID: 41864028
J Hazard Mater

Ammonia-induced exosomal miRNA disrupts autophagy and promotes lung injury: Therapeutic potential of natural compounds. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 15:506:141417. PMID: 41775203
Environ Sci Technol

6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFAES), a PFOS Alternative, Impairs Testosterone Synthesis in Leydig Cells by Targeting Lipophagy via the SIRT1-FOXO1-RAB7 Axis: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 10;60(5):3821-3836. PMID: 41604684
J Hazard Mater

Identification and analysis of microplastic aggregation in CAR-T cells. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 31:480:136351. PMID: 39488976
J Hazard Mater

Selenium restored mitophagic flux to alleviate cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting excessive GPER1-mediated mitophagy activation. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 13:475:134855. PMID: 38880044
J Hazard Mater

Cobalt induces neurodegeneration through FTO-triggered autophagy impairment by targeting TSC1 in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 5:453:131354. PMID: 37054644

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jul 5:453:131354. [Abstract]

Rapamycin (50 nM; 24 h) efficiently inhibits the Cobalt-induced hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Ser262 and Thr181, when in H4 cells.

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jul 5:453:131354. [Abstract]

Rapamycin (50 nM; 24 h) partially reverses the cobalt-induced increase in LC3B-II and p62 levels in H4 cells.
J Hazard Mater

Tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) induces cell injury via dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in Leydig cells. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 15:448:130785. PMID: 36860030
J Hazard Mater

ERK/p38/ROS burst responses to environmentally relevant concentrations of diphenyl phosphate-evoked neutrophil extracellular traps formation: Assessing the role of autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 5:421:126758. PMID: 34352527
J Hazard Mater

Graphene oxide disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis through inducing intracellular redox deviation and autophagy-lysosomal network dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 15:416:126158. PMID: 34492938
Hum Reprod Open

Rapamycin improves the developmental competence of human oocytes by alleviating DNA damage during IVM. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 11;2022(4):hoac050. PMID: 36518986
Arthritis Rheumatol

mTOR inhibition prevents coronary artery remodeling in a murine model of Kawasaki disease. [Abstract]

2023 Feb;75(2):305-317. PMID: 36057112
EBioMedicine

A nanotherapeutic strategy that engages cytotoxic and immunosuppressive activities for the treatment of cancer recurrence following organ transplantation. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:92:104594. PMID: 37167784
EBioMedicine

F. nucleatum facilitates oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via GLUT1-driven lactate production. [Abstract]

2023 Feb:88:104444. PMID: 36709580
Research (Wash D C)

Targeting the Exonic Circular OGT RNA/O-GlcNAc Transferase/Forkhead Box C1 Axis Inhibits Asparagine- and Alanine-Mediated Ferroptosis Repression in Neuroblastoma Progression. [Abstract]

2025 May 23:8:0703. PMID: 40416363
Research (Wash D C)

Circ-0001283 Aggravates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Targeting Myosin Light Chain 3 Protein. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 25:8:0626. PMID: 40007621
MedComm (2020)

Autophagy-mediated activation of the AIM2 inflammasome enhances M1 polarization of microglia and exacerbates retinal neovascularization. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 29;5(8):e668. PMID: 39081514
J Immunother Cancer

Telmisartan increases olaparib efficacy in homologous recombination proficient tumors by augmenting type I interferon production. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 25;14(3):e012426. PMID: 41881499
Cell Rep Med

Discovery, delineation, and therapeutic targeting of a hyper-translation pathway driving cytokine release syndrome. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 30:102531. PMID: 41475340
Cell Rep Med

Interferon-γ-stimulated antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts hinder neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy efficacy in lung cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 18;6(3):102017. PMID: 40056907
Cell Rep Med

Leucine restriction ameliorates Fusobacterium nucleatum-driven malignant progression and radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 21:101753. PMID: 39357525
Cardiovasc Diabetol

Melatonin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy by increasing autophagy of cardiomyocytes via regulation of VEGF-B/GRP78/PERK signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 9;23(1):19. PMID: 38195474
Pharmacol Res

Histone lysine crotonylation accelerates ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis of keratinocytes via modulating autophagy in diabetic wound healing. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 30:107632. PMID: 39892437
Pharmacol Res

Nuclear receptor coactivator 4-mediated ferritinophagy contributes to cerebral ischemia-induced ferroptosis in ischemic stroke. [Abstract]

2021 Dec:174:105933. PMID: 34634471
Mater Today Bio

Membrane-camouflaged nanoparticle alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via oxidative stress suppression and autophagy activation. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 17:38:103038. PMID: 41953721
Clin Cancer Res

GDF-15 predicts epithelioid hemangioendothelioma aggressiveness and is down-regulated by sirolimus through ATF4/ATF5 suppression. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 15;30(22):5122-5137. PMID: 39283723
Diabetologia

Extracellular HMGB1 exacerbates autoimmune progression and recurrence of type 1 diabetes by impairing regulatory T cell stability. [Abstract]

2020 May;63(5):987-1001. PMID: 32072192
Clin Cancer Res

Gene Expression Signatures Identify Novel Therapeutics for Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 15;26(8):2011-2021. PMID: 31937620
Cancer Lett

The Zeb1/system Xc- axis safeguards iron-loaded cancer-associated fibroblasts against ferroptosis and promotes immunosuppression in prostate cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 28:639:218243. PMID: 41485685
Cancer Lett

YTHDF2-mediated stabilization of SREBF1 promotes lipid metabolic reprogramming and ferroptosis-associated radioresistance in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 21:639:218232. PMID: 41435981
Mol Biomed

PARP inhibitor BMN673 triggers PARylation-mediated ATF4-GDF15 pathway to drive autophagy and ferroptosis in ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene-deficient colorectal cancer cells. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 21;6(1):113. PMID: 41266732
J Neuroinflammation

STAT3 S727 phosphorylation drives pathogenic Th17 differentiation and neuroinflammation in autoimmune disease. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 28;22(1):246. PMID: 41152886
Cancer Lett

Aberrant PLAC8 expression characterizes glioblastoma with temozolomide resistance and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. [Abstract]

2025 May 19:625:217805. PMID: 40398706
J Neuroinflammation

Accumulated BCAAs and BCKAs contribute to the HFD-induced deterioration of Alzheimer's disease via a dysfunctional TREM2-related reduction in microglial β-amyloid clearance. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 23;21(1):327. PMID: 39716292
Cancer Lett

Chemoresistance-motility signature of molecular evolution to chemotherapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and its clinical implications. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 26:217339. PMID: 39608442
J Neuroinflammation

Microglial AKAP8L: a key mediator in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment via autophagy inhibition and neuroinflammation triggering. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 20;21(1):177. PMID: 39033121
Cancer Lett

C/EBPα mediates the maturation and antitumor functions of macrophages in human hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 31:585:216638. PMID: 38266805
J Neuroinflammation

Autophagy dysfunction contributes to NLRP1 inflammasome-linked depressive-like behaviors in mice. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 4;21(1):6. PMID: 38178196
J Neuroinflammation

Microglial SIRT1 activation attenuates synapse loss in retinal inner plexiform layer via mTORC1 inhibition. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 5;20(1):202. PMID: 37670386
J Neuroinflammation

Disturbance of neuron-microglia crosstalk mediated by GRP78 in Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus mice. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 26;20(1):150. PMID: 37365565
J Neuroinflammation

AMPK-autophagy-mediated inhibition of microRNA-30a-5p alleviates morphine tolerance via SOCS3-dependent neuroinflammation suppression. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 29;19(1):25. PMID: 35093117
Cancer Lett

Jolkinolide B sensitizes bladder cancer to mTOR inhibitors via dual inhibition of Akt signaling and autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 1:526:352-362. PMID: 34798195
Cancer Lett

NCAPD2 inhibits autophagy by regulating Ca2+/CAMKK2/AMPK/mTORC1 pathway and PARP-1/SIRT1 axis to promote colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 1:520:26-37. PMID: 34229059
Cancer Lett

Prodigiosin impairs autophagosome-lysosome fusion that sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil-induced cell death. [Abstract]

2020 Jul 1;481:15-23. PMID: 32184145
Mol Psychiatry

Programmed cell death 4 as an endogenous suppressor of BDNF translation is involved in stress-induced depression. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;26(6):2316-2333. PMID: 32203159
Int J Biol Sci

SESN2 inhibits tubular exosome secretion and diabetic kidney disease progression by restoring the autophagy‒lysosome pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 20;21(9):4215-4230. PMID: 40612680
Int J Biol Sci

BMSCs-derived small extracellular vesicles antagonize cerebral endothelial Caveolin-1 driven autophagic degradation of tight-junction proteins to protect blood-brain barrier post-stroke. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 1;21(2):842-859. PMID: 39781452
Int J Biol Sci

HMGA1 sensitizes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to mTOR inhibitors through the ETS1-FKBP12 axis. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 22;20(7):2640-2657. PMID: 38725843
Int J Biol Sci

microRNA-130b-3p Attenuates Septic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathways and Directly Targeting ACSL4 against Ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 15;19(13):4223-4241. PMID: 37705752
Int J Biol Sci

TGFβ Governs the Pleiotropic Activity of NDRG1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 1;19(1):204-224. PMID: 36594086
Int J Biol Sci

FTO-mediated autophagy promotes progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via regulating SIK2 mRNA stability. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 3;18(15):5943-5962. PMID: 36263177
Int J Biol Sci

Repurposing Oxiconazole against Colorectal Cancer via PRDX2-mediated Autophagy Arrest. [Abstract]

2022 May 21;18(9):3747-3761. PMID: 35813474
Int J Biol Sci

CSN6 Promotes the Migration and Invasion of Cervical Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Autophagic Degradation of Cathepsin L. [Abstract]

2019 May 12;15(6):1310-1324. PMID: 31223289
Food Chem

Oxidized fish oils increased lipid deposition via oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and the CREB1-Bcl2-Beclin1 pathway in the liver tissues and hepatocytes of yellow catfish. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 30:360:129814. PMID: 34023714
Cell Death Dis

ZDHHC9 palmitoylates LAMTOR1 to promote renal cell carcinoma malignant progression. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 19;17(1):323. PMID: 41856969
Cell Death Dis

TIGAR maintains intestinal epithelial regeneration by stabilizing HMGCL and promoting β-catenin β-hydroxybutyrylation in burn-induced sepsis. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 19;17(1):233. PMID: 41708588
Cell Death Dis

Nutrient stress diverts RRN3 from rRNA transcription to alternative polyadenylation of autophagy mRNAs in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 21;16(1):849. PMID: 41271632
Cell Death Dis

Fatty acid synthase-mediated lipid droplet formation enhances macrophage killing of Staphylococcus aureus. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 7;16(1):715. PMID: 41057302
Cell Death Dis

Chidamide and cytarabine synergistically treat acute myeloid leukemia: inhibiting ribosome biogenesis via the MYC-RRP9 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 9;16(1):601. PMID: 40781078
Adv Healthc Mater

Intravenous Multifunctional Nanotherapy for Treating Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 19:e02925. PMID: 40827631
Cell Death Dis

SIRT7-mediated NRF2 deacetylation promotes antioxidant response and protects against chemodrug-induced liver injury. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 1;16(1):232. PMID: 40169535
Cell Death Dis

Inhibition of mitochondrial OMA1 ameliorates osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 1;15(11):786. PMID: 39487118
Adv Healthc Mater

Iron Drives Eosinophil Differentiation in Allergic Airway Inflammation Through Mitochondrial Metabolic Adaptation. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 24:e2405085. PMID: 39853900
Cell Death Dis

Protein phosphatase 4 maintains the survival of primordial follicles by regulating autophagy in oocytes. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 8;15(9):658. PMID: 39245708
Adv Healthc Mater

KPV and RAPA Self-Assembled into Carrier-Free Nanodrugs for Vascular Calcification Therapy. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 10:e2402320. PMID: 39252648
Cell Death Dis

Identification of ATF3 as a novel protective signature of quiescent colorectal tumor cells. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 13;14(10):676. PMID: 37833290
Cell Death Dis

Knockdown of ANXA10 induces ferroptosis by inhibiting autophagy-mediated TFRC degradation in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 4;14(9):588. PMID: 37666806
Acta Biomater

Self-delivery biomedicine for enhanced photodynamic therapy by feedback promotion of tumor autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 1:158:599-610. PMID: 36603734
Cell Death Dis

SOCS5 knockdown suppresses metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by ameliorating HIF-1α-dependent mitochondrial damage. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 1;13(11):918. PMID: 36319626
Cell Death Dis

Ciclopirox drives growth arrest and autophagic cell death through STAT3 in gastric cancer cells. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 28;13(11):1007. PMID: 36443287
Cell Death Dis

Whole transcriptome and proteome analyses identify potential targets and mechanisms underlying tumor treating fields against glioblastoma. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 18;13(8):721. PMID: 35982032
Cell Death Dis

Autophagic sequestration of SQSTM1 disrupts the aggresome formation of ubiquitinated proteins during proteasome inhibition. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 15;13(7):615. PMID: 35840557
Adv Healthc Mater

Bioinspired Vascular Stents with Microfluidic Electrospun Multilayer Coatings for Preventing In-Stent Restenosis. [Abstract]

2022 Sep;11(17):e2200965. PMID: 35770849
Cell Death Dis

Dehydroepiandrosterone exacerbates nigericin-induced abnormal autophagy and pyroptosis via GPER activation in LPS-primed macrophages. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 19;13(4):372. PMID: 35440074
Cell Death Dis

Irisin protects against vascular calcification by activating autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell pyroptosis in chronic kidney disease. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 30;13(3):283. PMID: 35354793
Cell Death Dis

The downregulation of type I IFN signaling in G-MDSCs under tumor conditions promotes their development towards an immunosuppressive phenotype. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 10;13(1):36. PMID: 35013108
Cell Death Dis

RNA binding protein NKAP protects glioblastoma cells from ferroptosis by promoting SLC7A11 mRNA splicing in an m6A-dependent manner. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 21;13(1):73. PMID: 35064112
Cell Death Dis

FKBP51 promotes invasion and migration by increasing the autophagic degradation of TIMP3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 1;12(10):899. PMID: 34599146
Cell Death Dis

Precision genetic cellular models identify therapies protective against ER stress. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 5;12(8):770. PMID: 34354042
Cell Death Dis

Circulating mitochondrial DNA-triggered autophagy dysfunction via STING underlies sepsis-related acute lung injury. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 3;12(7):673. PMID: 34218252
Cell Death Dis

The mechanism of m6A methyltransferase METTL3-mediated autophagy in reversing gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells by β-elemene. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 11;11(11):969. PMID: 33177491
Cell Death Dis

miR-378-3p maintains the size of mouse primordial follicle pool by regulating cell autophagy and apoptosis. [Abstract]

2020 Sep 10;11(9):737. PMID: 32913213
Cell Death Dis

Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes regression from hepatic fibrosis through reducing inflammation-mediated autophagy signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Jun 12;11(6):454. PMID: 32532964

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2020 Jun 12;11(6):454. [Abstract]

Immunofluorescence staining of p62 was conducted in HSC-T6 cells. G-Rg3 pretreatment with 16 μM and Rapamycin (Ra) were conducted with 100 or 200 nM. Red arrows indicated p62-positive cytoplasm expression and its location in HSC-T6 cells.
Cell Death Dis

TOPK inhibits autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1 and promotes glioma resistance to TMZ. [Abstract]

2019 Aug 5;10(8):583. PMID: 31378785
Cell Death Dis

Paeonol induces cytoprotective autophagy via blocking the Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer cells. [Abstract]

2019 Aug 13;10(8):609. PMID: 31406198
Cell Death Dis

SOCS5 inhibition induces autophagy to impair metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2019 Aug 13;10(8):612. PMID: 31406106
Acta Biomater

Graphene oxide induces p62/SQSTM-dependent apoptosis through the impairment of autophagic flux and lysosomal dysfunction in PC12 cells. [Abstract]

2018 Nov:81:278-292. PMID: 30273743

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Biomater. 2018 Nov:81:278-292. [Abstract]

Evident LC3 turnover and increased level of Atg5 are found upon Rapamycin treatment, which indicate significant autophagy activation.
Sci China Life Sci

Effects of NGF-chitosan on alleviating secondary degeneration and repairing primary degeneration after expanded partial optic nerve transection. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;68(8):2393-2407. PMID: 40448909
Sci China Life Sci

Two sex pheromone receptors for sexual communication in the American cockroach. [Abstract]

2024 Jul;67(7):1455-1467. PMID: 38523236
Sci China Life Sci

Melatonin decreases GSDME mediated mesothelial cell pyroptosis and prevents peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. [Abstract]

2024 Feb;67(2):360-378. PMID: 37815699
Genes Dis

2026 Mar 27.
Genes Dis

2026 Feb 14.
Genes Dis

2025 Nov 6.
Genes Dis

Sulfuretin exerts diversified functions in the processing of amyloid precursor protein. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 21;8(6):867-881. PMID: 34522714
Genes Dis

Beclin-1/LC3-II dependent macroautophagy was uninfluenced in ischemia-challenged vascular endothelial cells. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 1;9(2):549-561. PMID: 35224166
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

2026 Jul 7;123(27):e2523789123. PMID: 42384696
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle

Short-chain fatty acids enhance muscle mass and function through the activation of mTOR signalling pathways in sarcopenic mice. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;15(6):2387-2401. PMID: 39482890
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

PDGF-D-PDGFRβ signaling enhances IL-15-mediated human natural killer cell survival. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 18;119(3):e2114134119. PMID: 35027451
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Calcineurin controls proximodistal blastema polarity in zebrafish fin regeneration. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 12;118(2):e2009539118. PMID: 33376206
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

A small molecule protects mitochondrial integrity by inhibiting mTOR activity. [Abstract]

2019 Nov 12;116(46):23332-23338. PMID: 31653761
Osteoarthritis Cartilage

Proliferative behaviours of CD90-expressing chondrocytes under the control of the TSC1-mTOR/PTHrP-nuclear localisation segment pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;33(4):437-446. PMID: 39730094
J Pharm Anal

α-hederin decreases the glycolysis level in intestinal epithelial cells via SNX10-mediated DEPDC5 degradation. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;15(12):101301. PMID: 41487148
Cell Commun Signal

Megakaryocytic IGF1 coordinates activation and ferroptosis to safeguard hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after radiation injury. [Abstract]

2024 May 27;22(1):292. PMID: 38802843
J Pharm Anal

Temporal dynamics of microglia-astrocyte interaction in neuroprotective glial scar formation after intracerebral hemorrhage. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;13(8):862-879. PMID: 37719195
Cell Commun Signal

2021 Nov 8;19(1):109.
Dev Cell

A single fluorescent probe to examine the dynamics of mitochondria-lysosome interplay and extracellular vesicle role in ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 26;59(4):517-528.e3. PMID: 38272028
J Crohns Colitis

2023 Jan 30.
J Crohns Colitis

Role of Nutrient-sensing Receptor GPRC6A in Regulating Colonic Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Inflamed Mucosal Healing. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 30;16(8):1293-1305. PMID: 35134872
Int J Biol Macromol

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Nsp2 induces incomplete autophagy to facilitate viral replication via disrupting SNARE complex assembly. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 13;331(Pt 2):148288. PMID: 41093191
Int J Biol Macromol

Autophagic damage in senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: Impact on Piezo1 expression during osteoporosis progression. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 25;330(Pt 1):147928. PMID: 41015372
Int J Biol Macromol

vtRNA1-1 drives regorafenib resistance by sustaining cancer stemness via impaired autophagy and altered svRNA biogenesis. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 7;328(Pt 1):147514. PMID: 40925433
Int J Biol Macromol

THY1 inhibits the replication of ALV - J by diverting chNHE1 for proteasomal degradation. [Abstract]

2025 May 30:144816. PMID: 40451353
Int J Biol Macromol

Trained immunity driven by Enterococcus faecalis ribosomal protein S11 enhances antigen presentation and boosts influenza vaccine efficacy via nanoparticle delivery. [Abstract]

2025 May 15:144179. PMID: 40381785
Int J Biol Macromol

The role of the poly(A) binding protein-binding protein MoPbp1 as a regulator of the TOR signaling pathway in growth, autophagy, and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus. [Abstract]

2025 May;306(Pt 4):141730. PMID: 40043978
Int J Biol Macromol

Insect chitosan derived from Hermetia illucens larvae suppresses adipogenic signaling and promotes the restoration of gut microbiome balance. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 27:138168. PMID: 39613084
Int J Biol Macromol

Poly-l-arginine promotes ferroptosis in asthmatic airway epithelial cells by modulating PBX1/GABARAPL1 axis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 5:138478. PMID: 39645127
Acta Pharmacol Sin

Hepatocyte cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by promoting autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 25. PMID: 40133627
Acta Pharmacol Sin

ATF4 renders human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell resistance to FGFR1 inhibitors through amino acid metabolic reprogramming. [Abstract]

2023 Nov;44(11):2282-2295. PMID: 37280363
Cancer Biol Med

SNORA23 inhibits HCC tumorigenesis by impairing the 2'-O-ribose methylation level of 28S rRNA. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 12;19(1):104-119. PMID: 33710804
Phytomedicine

Ginkgetin alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by promoting autophagy via inhibiting ubiquitination of Laptm5 in macrophages. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 28:153:157894. PMID: 41666511
Small Sci

2025 Dec 12.
Phytomedicine

Protocatechuic acid alleviates cGAS-STING-mediated neuroinflammation by enhancing microglial autophagy in mouse models of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 25:148:157493. PMID: 41218352
Phytomedicine

Therapeutic potential of xanthohumol in senile osteoporosis: mTOR-driven regulation of AKT/mTOR/p70S6K autophagy axis in D-galactose models. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 28:148:157346. PMID: 41056860
Phytomedicine

Ginsenoside Rg5 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury via interfering Autophagy/Nrf2/Ferroptosis signal axis. [Abstract]

2025 Aug:144:156941. PMID: 40516288
EMBO J

Interferon-induced PARP14-mediated ADP-ribosylation in p62 bodies requires the ubiquitin-proteasome system. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 7. PMID: 40195501
Phytomedicine

Valproic acid promotes transcriptional activation of Drd2 by mediating histone acetylation to inhibit the mTOR-Pttg1 signaling axis and exerts anti-PitNETs activity. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:141:156707. PMID: 40220407
Phytomedicine

Liensinine overcomes EGFR-TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma through DRP1-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 May:140:156593. PMID: 40054177
Phytomedicine

Tetrandrine alleviates macrophage activation syndrome after CAR-T cell therapy. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 6:139:156483. PMID: 39947004
Phytomedicine

Quercetin improves airway remodeling in COPD rats by suppressing phenotypic switch of ASMCs via inhibiting the Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 10:139:156491. PMID: 39955824
EMBO Mol Med

Unraveling autophagic imbalances and therapeutic insights in Mecp2-deficient models. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;16(11):2795-2826. PMID: 39402139
EMBO J

Whole-body replacement of larval myofibers generates permanent adult myofibers in zebrafish. [Abstract]

2024 Aug;43(15):3090-3115. PMID: 38839992
Phytomedicine

Shenfu injection targets the PI3K-AKT pathway to regulate autophagy and apoptosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by sepsis. [Abstract]

2024 Jul:129:155627. PMID: 38696924
Phytomedicine

Xie-Bai-San increases NSCLC cells sensitivity to gefitinib by inhibiting Beclin-1 mediated autophagosome formation. [Abstract]

2024 Mar:125:155351. PMID: 38232540
Phytomedicine

Betulinaldehyde inhibits vascular remodeling by regulating the microenvironment through the PLCγ1/Ca2+/MMP9 pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 25:116:154891. PMID: 37229891
Phytomedicine

RNA-binding domain 2 of nucleolin is important for the autophagy induction of curcumol in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2023 Jul:115:154833. PMID: 37137203
Phytomedicine

Rutin alleviates EndMT by restoring autophagy through inhibiting HDAC1 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in diabetic kidney disease. [Abstract]

2023 Apr:112:154700. PMID: 36774842
Phytomedicine

2022: 154560.
Phytomedicine

Danshen injection induces autophagy in podocytes to alleviate nephrotic syndrome via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Dec:107:154477. PMID: 36215790
Phytomedicine

Ginsenoside Rh2 attenuates CDAHFD-induced liver fibrosis in mice by improving intestinal microbial composition and regulating LPS-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Jul;101:154121. PMID: 35489327
Phytomedicine

The role of daurisoline treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma: Inhibiting vasculogenic mimicry formation and enhancing sensitivity to sorafenib. [Abstract]

2021 Nov:92:153740. PMID: 34600176
Phytomedicine

Arctium lappa L. roots ameliorates cerebral ischemia through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and suppressing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2021 May:85:153526. PMID: 33691269
Phytomedicine

PSORI-CM02 ameliorates psoriasis in vivo and in vitro by inducing autophagy via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2019 Nov:64:153054. PMID: 31401494
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

An All-in-One Photothermal Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Controlling Inducible Transgene Expression. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 10;18(22):30971-30989. PMID: 42223008
Free Radic Biol Med

Optineurin enhances the chemoresistance by activating mitophagy in acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1 mutation. [Abstract]

2026 May:248:162-176. PMID: 41722661
Free Radic Biol Med

The autophagy receptor NDP52 recruits the E3 ligase ASB2 to mediate NOX4 degradation, suppressing cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and ameliorating heart failure. [Abstract]

2026 Apr:247:378-392. PMID: 41662915
Free Radic Biol Med

(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing LRRK2-Mediated mitophagy and promoting senescence. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 16:246:442-455. PMID: 41619819
Free Radic Biol Med

HIF-1α translation mediated by PKCδ facilitates RSV-induced production of innate inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 16:246:614-626. PMID: 41611036
Free Radic Biol Med

Targeting the mTOR-mitochondrial function axis: Calcitriol attenuates sarcopenic obesity with lipid dysregulation etiology. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 29:242:305-319. PMID: 41173312
Free Radic Biol Med

MiRNA-27a-5p alleviates diabetic vascular injury via modulating autophagy by targeting NOX4. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 3:241:526-542. PMID: 41046944
Free Radic Biol Med

PPARγ mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lipophagy blockage were involved in microplastics and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate co-exposure induced immature testis injury. [Abstract]

2025 Sep:237:615-630. PMID: 40532836
Free Radic Biol Med

Sulfonated albumin from hepatocytes accelerates liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 16:228:150-162. PMID: 39743026
Free Radic Biol Med

Ceramide synthase 6 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hemin-treated neurons by impairing mitophagy through interacting with sequestosome 1. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 1:227:282-295. PMID: 39643132
Free Radic Biol Med

Targeting non-classical autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and the subsequent HMGB1/TfR1 feedback loop accounts for alleviating solar dermatitis by senkyunolide I. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 6:S0891-5849(24)00591-4. PMID: 39117049
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

Engineered Exosomes with ATF5-Modified mRNA Loaded in Injectable Thermogels Alleviate Osteoarthritis by Targeting the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. [Abstract]

2024 May 1;16(17):21383-21399. PMID: 38626424
Free Radic Biol Med

5-FU promotes HBV replication through oxidative stress-induced autophagy dysfunction. [Abstract]

2024 Mar:213:233-247. PMID: 38215891
Free Radic Biol Med

Reduced Zn2+ promotes retinal ganglion cells survival and optic nerve regeneration after injury through inhibiting autophagy mediated by ROS/Nrf2. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 20:212:415-432. PMID: 38134974
Free Radic Biol Med

Branched-chain amino acid catabolic defect in vascular smooth muscle cells drives thoracic aortic dissection via mTOR hyperactivation. [Abstract]

2024 Jan:210:25-41. PMID: 37956909
Am J Transplant

Induced regulatory T cells modified by knocking down T-bet in combination with ectopic expression of inhibitory cytokines effectively protect Graft-versus-Host Disease. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;23(7):946-956. PMID: 37084847
Hypertension

Platelet-Derived TGF (Transforming Growth Factor)-β1 Enhances the Aerobic Glycolysis of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by PKM2 (Pyruvate Kinase Muscle Isoform 2) Upregulation. [Abstract]

2022 May;79(5):932-945. PMID: 35232222
Apoptosis

Propofol attenuates angiogenesis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress to suppress TFAP2C-driven VEGFA transcription. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 12;31(1):42. PMID: 41524974
Chemosphere

NBR1-dependent autophagy activation protects against environmental cadmium-evoked placental trophoblast senescence. [Abstract]

2024 Jun:358:142138. PMID: 38670504
Chemosphere

Black phosphorus quantum dots induce autophagy and apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:327:138463. PMID: 36966929
Food Res Int

The novel synbiotic (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus NKU FL1-11 and galacto-oligosaccharides) alleviates HCA IQ-triggered aging by reprogramming gut microbial metabolism to coordinate the enterohepatic β-glucuronidase activity. [Abstract]

2026 May 31:232:118876. PMID: 41895956
Sci Total Environ

Dissection of the potential mechanism of polystyrene microplastic exposure on cardiomyocytes. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 10:973:179048. PMID: 40101404
Sci Total Environ

Gestational exposure to carbon black nanoparticles triggered fetal growth restriction in mice: The mediation of inactivating autophagy-lysosomal degradation system in placental ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 24:959:178167. PMID: 39721551
Sci Total Environ

Perfluoroalkyl sulfonate induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress activation and autophagy flux inhibition. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 20:930:172582. PMID: 38649052
Sci Total Environ

New insights into brain injury in chickens induced by bisphenol A and selenium deficiency-Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitophagy-apoptosis crosstalk homeostasis. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 20:905:166890. PMID: 37683847
J Orthop Translat

FOXO1-mTOR pathway in vascular pericyte regulates the formation of type H vessels to control bone metabolism. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 17:49:246-263. PMID: 39524152
Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr

Influence of immunosuppressive drugs on natural killer cells in therapeutic drug exposure in liver transplantation. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 1;12(6):835-853. PMID: 38115918
Br J Pharmacol

Silencing the fibronectin gene (FN1) improves NaCl-induced cardiac fibrosis via ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis in a nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-dependent manner. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 29. PMID: 41022663
Environ Res

Waterborne ammonia toxicity damages crustacean hemocytes via lysosome-dependent autophagy: A case study of swimming crabs Portunus trituberculatus. [Abstract]

2025 May 1:272:120985. PMID: 39983961
Br J Pharmacol

A novel sorbicillinoid compound as a potent anti-inflammation agent through inducing NLRP3 protein degradation. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;180(15):1930-1948. PMID: 36788033
Sens Actuators B Chem

15 December 2022, 132707.
Genes Dev

USP21 deubiquitinase elevates macropinocytosis to enable oncogenic KRAS bypass in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 1;35(19-20):1327-1332. PMID: 34531315
Clin Sci

Oxytocin signalling in dendritic cells regulates immune tolerance in the intestine and alleviates DSS-induced colitis. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 26;135(4):597-611. PMID: 33564880
Cell Syst

Torin2 Exploits Replication and Checkpoint Vulnerabilities to Cause Death of PI3K-Activated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. [Abstract]

2020 Jan 22;10(1):66-81.e11. PMID: 31812693
Cell Syst

A Library of Phosphoproteomic and Chromatin Signatures for Characterizing Cellular Responses to Drug Perturbations. [Abstract]

2018 Apr 25;6(4):424-443.e7. PMID: 29655704
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Brain Behav Immun

ERK1/2-dependent BDNF synthesis and signaling is required for the antidepressant effect of microglia stimulation. [Abstract]

2022 Nov:106:147-160. PMID: 35995236
Biomed Pharmacother

Inhibition of AKT or mTOR molecules mitigates obesity-associated metabolic disorders in Riz1-/- mice with obesity. [Abstract]

2025 Nov:192:118707. PMID: 41151301
Biomed Pharmacother

Drug target proteome profiling identifies HES1-driven mitotic catastrophe in ovarian serous carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 6:193:118716. PMID: 41202420
J Transl Med

Polystyrene nanoplastics trigger pyroptosis in dopaminergic neurons through TSC2/TFEB-mediated disruption of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 5;23(1):631. PMID: 40474178
J Transl Med

Staphylococcus aureus induces mitophagy via the HDAC11/IL10 pathway to sustain intracellular survival. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 4;23(1):156. PMID: 39905391
Emerg Microbes Infect

SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 regulate host m6A modification via activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway to facilitate viral replication. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 2:2447620. PMID: 39745173
Biomed Pharmacother

JAK2 inhibitor protects the septic heart through enhancing mitophagy in cardiomyocytes. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 8:178:117279. PMID: 39121587
Diabetes

Regulatory Role of NF-κB on HDAC2 and Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Diabetic Encephalopathy and the Therapeutic Potential of Luteolin. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 13:db230969. PMID: 38869375
Biomed Pharmacother

Tetrahydropalmatine: Orchestrating survival - Regulating autophagy and apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in perforator flaps. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 31:169:115887. PMID: 37984303
Emerg Microbes Infect

Vital role of Autophagy flux inhibition of placental trophoblast cells in pregnancy disorders induced by HEV infection. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;12(2):2276336. PMID: 37882369
Biomed Pharmacother

Inhibiting mir-34a-5p regulates doxorubicin-induced autophagy disorder and alleviates myocardial pyroptosis by targeting Sirt3-AMPK pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Dec:168:115654. PMID: 37806095
Biomed Pharmacother

Toxic effects of sirolimus and everolimus on the development and behavior of zebrafish embryos. [Abstract]

2023 Oct:166:115397. PMID: 37659200
J Transl Med

The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway mediates renal pericyte-myofibroblast transition by enhancing glycolysis through HKII. [Abstract]

2023 May 13;21(1):323. PMID: 37179292
Biomed Pharmacother

Doxorubicin downregulates autophagy to promote apoptosis-induced dilated cardiomyopathy via regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:162:114691. PMID: 37060659
Biomed Pharmacother

Sitagliptin inhibits the survival, stemness and autophagy of glioma cells, and enhances temozolomide cytotoxicity. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:162:114555. PMID: 36966667
Anim Nutr

Glycine represses endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis and improves intestinal barrier by activating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. [Abstract]

2022 Mar;8(1):1-9. PMID: 34977370
J Transl Med

Rosuvastatin exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving macrophage-related foam cell formation and polarization conversion via mediating autophagic activities. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 10;19(1):62. PMID: 33568202
Biomed Pharmacother

LncRNA NBR2 inhibits tumorigenesis by regulating autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2021 Jan;133:111023. PMID: 33378941
Biomed Pharmacother

Combined inhibition of RNA polymerase I and mTORC1/2 synergize to combat oral squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2021 Jan;133:110906. PMID: 33190037
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol

Periostin protects against alcohol-related liver disease by activating autophagy by interacting with PDI. [Abstract]

2023;15(6):1475-1504. PMID: 36801449
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol

Mannan-Binding Lectin via Interaction With Cell Surface Calreticulin Promotes Senescence of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells to Limit Liver Fibrosis Progression. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 2;14(1):75-99. PMID: 35381393
Stem Cell Res Ther

Unveiling the potential of MSC extracellular vesicles: MiR-122-5p enhancing chondrocyte regeneration in osteoarthritis via autophagy mechanism. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 7;16(1):289. PMID: 40483498
Stem Cell Res Ther

iMSC-mediated delivery of ACVR2B-Fc fusion protein reduces heterotopic ossification in a mouse model of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 18;15(1):83. PMID: 38500216
Environ Pollut

Perinatal bisphenol S exposure exacerbates the oxidative burden and apoptosis in neonatal ovaries by suppressing the mTOR/autophagy axis. [Abstract]

2024 May 15:349:123939. PMID: 38593938
Chin Med J (Engl)

METTL3 regulates glucose transporter expression in placenta exposed to hyperglycemia through the mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 5;137(13):1563-1575. PMID: 37963715
Environ Pollut

Activation of Atg5-dependent placental lipophagy ameliorates cadmium-induced fetal growth restriction. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 1:328:121602. PMID: 37031847
Environ Pollut

Polystyrene microplastics arrest skeletal growth in puberty through accelerating osteoblast senescence. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 1:322:121217. PMID: 36746288
Environ Pollut

Thiophanate-methyl induces notochord toxicity by activating the PI3K-mTOR pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 1:318:120861. PMID: 36563988
Environ Pollut

Autophagy in Sertoli cell protects against environmental cadmium-induced germ cell apoptosis in mouse testes. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 1:270:116241. PMID: 33321432
Oncogene

DEPTOR is an in vivo tumor suppressor that inhibits prostate tumorigenesis via the inactivation of mTORC1/2 signals. [Abstract]

2020 Feb;39(7):1557-1571. PMID: 31685947
Stem Cell Res Ther

Heat shock pretreatment improves mesenchymal stem cell viability by heat shock proteins and autophagy to prevent cisplatin-induced granulosa cell apoptosis. [Abstract]

2019 Nov 26;10(1):348. PMID: 31771642
Environ Pollut

DINP aggravates autoimmune thyroid disease through activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway and suppression of autophagy in Wistar rats. [Abstract]

2019 Feb:245:316-324. PMID: 30447474
Cell Chem Biol

AspSnFR: A genetically encoded biosensor for real-time monitoring of aspartate in live cells. [Abstract]

2024 May 20:S2451-9456(24)00179-X. PMID: 38806058
Journal of Future Foods

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Cell Chem Biol

Identifying enhancers of innate immune signaling as broad-spectrum antivirals active against emerging viruses. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 21;29(7):1113-1125.e6. PMID: 35728599
PLoS Biol

RSK1 promotes mammalian axon regeneration by inducing the synthesis of regeneration-related proteins. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 1;20(6):e3001653. PMID: 35648763
PLoS Biol

Rapamycin directly activates lysosomal mucolipin TRP channels independent of mTOR. [Abstract]

2019 May 21;17(5):e3000252. PMID: 31112550
Aging Cell

2026 Jan 20;25(2):e70352.
Aging Cell

NMNAT1 Activates Autophagy to Delay D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Cochlear Hair Cells. [Abstract]

2026 Feb;25(2):e70373. PMID: 41521645
Cell Death Discov

Neutrophil extracellular traps-triggered impaired autophagic flux via METTL3 underlies sepsis-associated acute lung injury. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 27;8(1):375. PMID: 36030287
Cell Death Discov

Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 silencing accelerates hepatocyte-like cell differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate cirrhosis via the microRNA-15a/SMURF1/UVRAG axis. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 22;8(1):77. PMID: 35194023
J Autoimmun

Autophagy promotes aortic adventitial fibrosis via the IL-6/Jak1 signaling pathway in Takayasu's arteritis. [Abstract]

2019 May:99:39-47. PMID: 30765261
Cell Rep

Neuronal hyperactivity becomes mTORC1 independent due to transcriptional changes in tuberous sclerosis complex disease models. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 10;44(12):116664. PMID: 41379617
Cell Rep

circATF6 triggers calcium overload to synergize with EGFR-TKI in non-small cell lung cancer via modulation of proteostasis. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 5;44(12):116659. PMID: 41351835
Cell Rep

ENPP1 governs the metabolic regulation of effector T cells in autoimmunity by detecting cytosolic mitochondrial DNA. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 13;44(6):115851. PMID: 40516055
Sci Data

High-throughput drug screening identifies novel therapeutics for Low Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 19;11(1):1024. PMID: 39300112
Microbiol Res

The Arf-GAPs, AoAge1 and AoAge2, regulate diverse cellular processes, conidiation, trap formation, and secondary metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora. [Abstract]

2024 May 24:285:127779. PMID: 38810485
Appl Mater Today

2024 Feb, 36, 102068.
Cell Rep

Macrophage autophagy deficiency-induced CEBPB accumulation alleviates atopic dermatitis via impairing M2 polarization. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 13;42(11):113430. PMID: 37963021
Cell Rep

Lipocalin-2 induces mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubular cells via mTOR pathway activation. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 24;42(9):113032. PMID: 37624695
Cell Rep

Numb/Parkin-directed mitochondrial fitness governs cancer cell fate via metabolic regulation of histone lactylation. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 30;42(2):112033. PMID: 36724072
Cell Rep

Destabilization of TP53 by USP10 is essential for neonatal autophagy and survival. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 4;41(1):111435. PMID: 36198274
Cell Rep

Organoid-based drug screening reveals neddylation as therapeutic target for malignant rhabdoid tumors. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 24;36(8):109568. PMID: 34433038
Cell Rep

PRMT5 Modulates Splicing for Genome Integrity and Preserves Proteostasis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. [Abstract]

2019 Feb 26;26(9):2316-2328.e6. PMID: 30811983
J Med Chem

Phytohormone Strigolactams Overcomes Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer by Blocking the Late-Stage Autophagy to Tip the Metabolic Balance toward Ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 27;68(22):24546-24559. PMID: 41208142
Clin Transl Med

DDR2-mediated autophagy inhibition contributes to angiotensin II-induced adventitial remodeling. [Abstract]

2025 Jun;15(6):e70361. PMID: 40468620
J Med Chem

Design of Potent Small-Molecule Stimulator of Interferon Gene Inhibitor and Stimulator of Interferon Gene Mutant-Specific Degrader. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 12;68(11):11100-11126. PMID: 40386971
J Med Chem

Synthesis and Bioevaluation of 3-(Arylmethylene)indole Derivatives: Discovery of a Novel ALK Modulator with Antiglioblastoma Activities. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 9;66(21):14609-14622. PMID: 37861443
J Med Chem

Targeted Degradation of Alpha-Synuclein by Autophagosome-Anchoring Chimera Peptides. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 14;66(17):12614-12628. PMID: 37652467
Clin Transl Med

Targeting lysosomal HSP70 induces acid sphingomyelinase-mediated disturbance of lipid metabolism and leads to cell death in T cell malignancies. [Abstract]

2023 Mar;13(3):e1229. PMID: 36959764
Br J Cancer

Transcriptome analysis of newly established carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell model reveals genes shared by drug resistance and drug-induced EMT. [Abstract]

2023 Mar;128(7):1344-1359. PMID: 36717670
Clin Transl Med

Translocation of gasdermin D induced mitochondrial injury and mitophagy mediated quality control in lipopolysaccharide related cardiomyocyte injury. [Abstract]

2022 Aug;12(8):e1002. PMID: 36030524
Clin Transl Med

Involvement of MST1/mTORC1/STAT1 activity in the regulation of B-cell receptor signalling by chemokine receptor 2. [Abstract]

2022 Jul;12(7):e887. PMID: 35875970
J Med Chem

Development of Strigolactones as Novel Autophagy/Mitophagy Inhibitors against Colorectal Cancer Cells by Blocking the Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 19. PMID: 35852796
Clin Transl Med

Lipid metabolism-related lncRNA SLC25A21-AS1 promotes the progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the NPM1/c-Myc axis and SLC25A21 expression. [Abstract]

2022 Jun;12(6):e944. PMID: 35735113
Clin Transl Med

ANXA6 suppresses the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer through autophagy induction. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;10(6):e208. PMID: 33135350
Neural Regen Res

Mechanism by which Rab5 promotes regeneration and functional recovery of zebrafish Mauthner axons. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 1;20(6):1816-1824. PMID: 39104118
Anal Chem

Imaging HOCl Generation during the Mitochondria Peripheral Fission with a Tailor-Made Fluorescent Probe. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 26;95(51):18844-18849. PMID: 38086329
Anal Chem

Peptide- and Protein-Level Combined Strategy for Analyzing Newly Synthesized Proteins by Integrating Tandem Orthogonal Proteolysis with Cleavable Bioorthogonal Tagging. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 17;95(2):628-637. PMID: 36549687
Neural Regen Res

Schwann cells differentiated from skin-derived precursors provide neuroprotection via autophagy inhibition in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]

2022 Jun;17(6):1357-1363. PMID: 34782582
Neural Regen Res

Apelin-13 inhibits apoptosis and excessive autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;16(6):1044-1051. PMID: 33269749
Anal Chem

Mitochondria-Immobilized Near-Infrared Ratiometric Fluorescent pH Probe To Evaluate Cellular Mitophagy. [Abstract]

2019 Sep 3;91(17):11409-11416. PMID: 31373195
Antioxidants (Basel)

Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits IFN-γ-Induced PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells and Enhances T-Cell-Mediated Anti-Tumor Cytotoxicity. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 25;15(4):413. PMID: 42072056
Sci Signal

Interleukins 15 and 18 synergistically prime the antitumor function of natural killer cells through noncanonical activation of mTORC1. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 16;18(904):eadq8778. PMID: 40956875
Antioxidants (Basel)

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Aging-Induced BTB Impairment in Porcine Testes by Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting ROS/NLRP3 Inflammasomes via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 31;13(2):183. PMID: 38397781
Sci Signal

Themis is indispensable for IL-2 and IL-15 signaling in T cells. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 15;15(721):eabi9983. PMID: 35167340
Mol Metab

PAQR9 regulates hepatic ketogenesis and fatty acid oxidation during fasting by modulating protein stability of PPARα. [Abstract]

2021 Nov:53:101331. PMID: 34474167
J Anim Sci Biotechnol

AMBRA1 activation alleviates zearalenone-induced swine testicular cell ferroptosis by facilitating mitophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 14;17(1):49. PMID: 41826991
J Anim Sci Biotechnol

β-Hydroxybutyrate-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release mediated innate inflammatory response in bovine mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 1;16(1):15. PMID: 39891248
J Anim Sci Biotechnol

Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of granulosa cells in dairy cow follicular cysts by activating autophagy via the SIRT1/ROS/AMPK signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 5;15(1):119. PMID: 39232832
Int J Nanomedicine

PEG-Ceramide Nanomicelles Induce Autophagy and Degrade Tau Proteins in N2a Cells. [Abstract]

2020 Sep 11;15:6779-6789. PMID: 32982233
Oncogenesis

Fatty acid uptake mediated by FABP4 promotes the formation of CD8+T cell senescence through lipid peroxidation in the adipocyte-rich microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 6;15(1):9. PMID: 41651808
J Cell Biol

Differential impacts of ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency on mitochondrial function. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 3;224(3):e202404084. PMID: 39786340
Mol Med

CKS2 induces autophagy-mediated glutathione metabolic reprogramming to facilitate ferroptosis resistance in colon cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 15;30(1):219. PMID: 39548421
Oncogenesis

GP73-mediated secretion of AFP and GP73 promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 14;10(10):69. PMID: 34650031
Mol Med

LncRNA SOX2OT alleviates mesangial cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 8;27(1):71. PMID: 34238205
Elife

Defined neuronal populations drive fatal phenotype in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome. [Abstract]

2019 Aug 12:8:e47163. PMID: 31403401
Phytother Res

Z-Guggulsterone Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression by Blocking Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion via OGT-Mediated SNAP29 O-GlcNAcylation. [Abstract]

2026 May;40(5):2364-2379. PMID: 41684288
Phytother Res

Emodin Promotes Peripheral Nerve Repair by Modulating Inflammasome Activation Through Autophagy via the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 26. PMID: 40135386
Phytother Res

Platycodin D2 Mediates Incomplete Autophagy and Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial ROS. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;39(2):581-592. PMID: 39581858
Phytother Res

Tanshinone IIA relieves arthritis by inhibiting autophagy of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via matrix metalloproteinase9/receptor for advanced glycation end product/toll-like receptor 9 signal axis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. [Abstract]

2023 Apr;37(4):1391-1404. PMID: 36852883
J Agric Food Chem

Nrf2 Promotes BHBA-Induced Pyroptosis in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells by Modulating Autophagy Mediated through Oxidative Stress. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 24. PMID: 41134715
J Agric Food Chem

Hesperetin Protects from Palmitic-Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity through the Inhibition of Glutaminolysis, mTORC1 Signaling, and Limited Apoptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 3;73(35):21932-21946. PMID: 40838694
Fluids Barriers CNS

Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 activity mitigates neurological impairment and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage by modulating pyroptosis and autophagy pathways. [Abstract]

2025 May 7;22(1):45. PMID: 40336077
J Agric Food Chem

Lactobacillus plantarum SMUM211204 Exopolysaccharides Have Tumor-Suppressive Effects on Colorectal Cancer by Regulating Autophagy via the mTOR Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 12;73(10):5931-5946. PMID: 40017402
EMBO Rep

mTOR signalling controls the formation of smooth muscle cell-derived luminal myofibroblasts during vasculitis. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;25(10):4570-4593. PMID: 39271773
J Agric Food Chem

3-MCPD Induces Renal Cell Pyroptosis and Inflammation by Inhibiting ESCRT-III-Mediated Cell Repair and Mitophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 10. PMID: 38857427
J Agric Food Chem

Extracellular Glutamine Promotes Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Proliferation via Arf1-mTORC1 Pathway Independently of Rag GTPases. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 4;71(39):14251-14262. PMID: 37738360
IMA Fungus

Evidence that the domesticated fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus recycles its cytoplasmic contents as nutritional rewards to feed its leafcutter ant farmers. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 15;14(1):19. PMID: 37715276
J Agric Food Chem

Quercetin Alleviates Acrylamide-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2023 May 17;71(19):7427-7439. PMID: 37134181
Cell Mol Life Sci

The contribution of proteasomal impairment to autophagy activation by C9orf72 poly-GA aggregates. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 29;79(9):501. PMID: 36036324
J Agric Food Chem

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol-Induced Renal Tubular Cell Necroptosis through the ROS/RIPK3/MLKL Pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 7;70(35):10847-10857. PMID: 36000575
J Agric Food Chem

mTOR-Mediated Autophagy Regulates Fumonisin B1-Induced Intestinal Inflammation via Pyroptosis In Vivo and In Vitro. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 27;70(29):9187-9200. PMID: 35830273
EMBO Rep

CDK inhibitor Palbociclib targets STING to alleviate autoinflammation. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 7;23(6):e53932. PMID: 35403787
J Agric Food Chem

Ginsenoside Rg2 Ameliorating CDAHFD-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Regulating AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 16;70(6):1911-1922. PMID: 35104139
J Agric Food Chem

Regulation on Citrate Influx and Metabolism through Inhibiting SLC13A5 and ACLY: A Novel Mechanism Mediating the Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin on NAFLD. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 11;69(31):8714-8725. PMID: 34323067
J Agric Food Chem

Lysosome-Mediated Cytotoxic Autophagy Contributes to Tea Polysaccharide-Induced Colon Cancer Cell Death via mTOR-TFEB Signaling. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 20;69(2):686-697. PMID: 33369397
Cell Biosci

KLHL18 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting PI3K/PD-L1 axis activity. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 27;10(1):139. PMID: 33292627
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Florasulam impairs Leydig cell function by blocking autophagic flux and triggering PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP-mediated ER stress. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 15:310:119826. PMID: 41643304
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

PPARγ-responsive luciferase reporter system for high-throughput screening of chemical toxins with potential pulmonary fibrosis effects. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 15:307:119433. PMID: 41273832
JCI Insight

HMGB1 couples LEF1 to regulate B cell immunity. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 23;10(18):e187002. PMID: 40985892
JCI Insight

Deletion of SH2D5 alleviates epileptic seizures and NMDAR expression via autophagic degradation of STAT1. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 22;10(16):e191347. PMID: 40857409
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Diquat exacerbates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by blocking the autophagic flux of microglia in the hippocampus. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 1:286:117188. PMID: 39418722
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Hesperetin alleviates aflatoxin B1 induced liver toxicity in mice: Modulating lipid peroxidation and ferritin autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 13:284:116854. PMID: 39142113
JCI Insight

Injury-induced FoxM1 expression in mouse kidney drives epithelial proliferation by a Cyclin F dependent mechanism. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 25:e175416. PMID: 38916959
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Tobacco toxins trigger bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells aging by inhibiting mitophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 1:277:116392. PMID: 38677065
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

The mechanism of nickel-induced autophagy and its role in nephrotoxicity. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 15:273:116150. PMID: 38430579
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Interleukin-37 relieves PM2.5-triggered lung injury by inhibiting autophagy through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 1:269:115816. PMID: 38091678
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Autophagy-mediated ferroptosis involved in nickel-induced nephrotoxicity in the mice. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 1:259:115049. PMID: 37235900
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Biochemical mechanisms of tributyltin chloride-induced cell toxicity in Sertoli cells. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 15:255:114725. PMID: 36924558
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Transcriptome analysis identifies IL24 as an autophagy modulator in PM2.5 caused lung dysfunction. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 1:244:114039. PMID: 36049333
Cancer Cell Int

Digoxigenin activates autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 18;24(1):405. PMID: 39696358
Cancer Cell Int

NEK2 contributes to radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inducing protective autophagy via regulating TRIM21. [Abstract]

2024 May 23;24(1):179. PMID: 38783335
Cancer Cell Int

Platycodin D2 enhances P21/CyclinA2-mediated senescence of HCC cells by regulating NIX-induced mitophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 19;24(1):79. PMID: 38374035
Cancer Cell Int

PCK1 activates oncogenic autophagy via down-regulation Serine phosphorylation of UBAP2L and antagonizes colorectal cancer growth. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 16;23(1):68. PMID: 37062825

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell Int. 2023 Apr 16;23(1):68. [Abstract]

Rapamycin (2.5 mM; 24 h) ignificantly reverses the PCK1-sh-induced decreased expression of LC3B-II in SW480-sh cells.
Biomater Adv

Extravascular rapamycin film inhibits the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition through the autophagy pathway to prevent vein graft restenosis. [Abstract]

2022 Jun:137:212836. PMID: 35929241
Cancer Cell Int

Alantolactone inhibits cell autophagy and promotes apoptosis via AP2M1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [Abstract]

2020 Sep 9;20:442. PMID: 32943990
Cancer Cell Int

The histone demethylase JMJD2A promotes glioma cell growth via targeting Akt-mTOR signaling. [Abstract]

2020 Mar 30;20:101. PMID: 32256210
Eur J Med Chem

ATTEC-mediated degradation of BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 1:303:118430. PMID: 41344112
Cell Biol Toxicol

ATG5-dependent autophagy in Sertoli cells protects against cadmium-disrupted blood-testis barrier via perturbing CXCL2/CXCR2 axis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 24;41(1):143. PMID: 41131418
Food Biosci

2025 Mar.
Cell Biol Toxicol

AP-1 activates KCNN4-mediated Ca2+ signaling to induce the Th1/Th17 differentiation of CD4+ cells in chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 27;41(1):18. PMID: 39729199
Cell Biol Toxicol

Activation of lipophagy ameliorates cadmium-induced neural tube defects via reducing low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in mouse placentas. [Abstract]

2024 May 21;40(1):35. PMID: 38771546
Front Immunol

The mTORC1 Signaling Support Cellular Metabolism to Dictate Decidual NK Cells Function in Early Pregnancy. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 10;13:771732. PMID: 35359988
Food Biosci

April 2022, 101571.
Front Immunol

Non-Structural Protein 3 of Duck Tembusu Virus Induces Autophagy via the ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathways. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 3;13:746890. PMID: 35185869
Front Immunol

β2-Adrenergic Receptor Enhances the Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Promotes Biliary Injuries Caused by Helminth Infection. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 18:12:754208. PMID: 34733286
Front Immunol

Rapamycin Modulates the Proinflammatory Memory-Like Response of Microglia Induced by BAFF. [Abstract]

2021 May 12:12:639049. PMID: 34054807
Int J Mol Med

HELLS inhibits autophagy‑dependent ferroptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by modulating the Nrf2/HO‑1/GPX4 pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May;57(5):117. PMID: 41823538
Int J Mol Med

YWHAH‑driven autophagy via MAPK/ERK signaling enhances CRC cell migration and invasion. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;56(6):228. PMID: 41133478
Int J Mol Med

Curcumin pretreatment attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis, autophagy and apoptosis via HES1. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;54(6):110. PMID: 39364745
Int J Mol Med

Berberine inhibits excessive autophagy and protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury via the RhoE/AMPK pathway. [Abstract]

2024 May;53(5):49. PMID: 38577949
Int J Mol Med

Characterization of circRNAs in established osimertinib‑resistant non‑small cell lung cancer cell lines. [Abstract]

2023 Nov;52(5):102. PMID: 37681495
Int J Mol Med

The marine natural product, dicitrinone B, induces apoptosis through autophagy blockade in breast cancer. [Abstract]

2022 Oct;50(4):130. PMID: 36052845
Int J Mol Med

Exogenous spermine attenuates diabetic kidney injury in rats by inhibiting AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Mar;47(3):1. PMID: 33537831
Acta Neuropathol Commun

Transaldolase 1 impacts Parkinson's disease pathogenesis via metabolic reprogramming and autophagy-lysosomal pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 4;13(1):223. PMID: 41189023
Atherosclerosis

Valine acts as an early biomarker and exacerbates pathological cardiac hypertrophy by impairing mitochondrial quality control. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 26:405:119216. PMID: 40318256
Biomater Sci

Delivery of rapamycin by biomimetic peptide nanoparticles targeting oxidized low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic plaques. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 6;12(16):4181-4193. PMID: 38979569
J Invest Dermatol

Identification of Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Different Signaling Pathways in Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Reprogramming Under Tumor-Stroma Interaction. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 5:S0022-202X(24)00392-0. PMID: 38848988
Chin Med

Aloin induced apoptosis by enhancing autophagic flux through the PI3K/AKT axis in osteosarcoma. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 24;16(1):123. PMID: 34819120
J Invest Dermatol

HSPA1A Protects Cells from Thermal Stress by Impeding ESCRT-0-Mediated Autophagic Flux in Epidermal Thermoresistance. [Abstract]

2021 Jan;141(1):48-58.e3. PMID: 32533962
Atherosclerosis

Nicotine-mediated autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cell accelerates atherosclerosis via nAChRs/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2019 May:284:1-10. PMID: 30856513
Biochem Pharmacol

P62 acts as an intermediator in cadmium-induced osteocyte apoptosis and osteoporosis in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:240:117104. PMID: 40619031
Cell Prolif

Reversal of MPPa-PDT Resistance in Osteosarcoma by Targeting ROCK2-Mediated Autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 16:e70097. PMID: 40670295
Biochem Pharmacol

The V-ATPase a3 subunit deficiency affects osteoarthritis via mTOR-Mediated autophagy levels in subchondral bone. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 18:241:117180. PMID: 40684994
Biochem Pharmacol

Immunometabolic modulators alleviate vascular dysfunction in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 12:241:117154. PMID: 40659125
Biochem Pharmacol

Transglutaminase 2 promotes breast cancer cell autophagy by targeting p53/ mTOR axis. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 9:116926. PMID: 40216264
Biochem Pharmacol

RORγt agonist LYC-55716 potentiates IFN-α's efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma through enhancing cytotoxicity of Tc17 cells and infiltration of CD8+ T cells. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 29:116963. PMID: 40312017
Biochem Pharmacol

xCT/Slc7a11 promotes pulmonary arterial hypertension by disrupting AMPKα suppression of mTOR activation. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 25:116897. PMID: 40147801
Cell Prolif

Abnormal HCK/glutamine/autophagy axis promotes endometriosis development by impairing macrophage phagocytosis. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 2:e13702. PMID: 38956970
Biochem Pharmacol

Nrf2 induces angiogenesis in spinal cystic echinococcosis by activating autophagy via regulating oxidative stress. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 4:226:116337. PMID: 38844265
Breast Cancer Res

TMEM120B strengthens breast cancer cell stemness and accelerates chemotherapy resistance via β1-integrin/FAK-TAZ-mTOR signaling axis by binding to MYH9. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 19;26(1):48. PMID: 38504374
Biochem Pharmacol

Daurisoline suppress glioma progression by inhibiting autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and increases TMZ sensitivity. [Abstract]

2024 May:223:116113. PMID: 38460907
Biochem Pharmacol

Trehalose protects against cisplatin-induced cochlear hair cell damage by activating TFEB-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Mar:197:114904. PMID: 34971589
Biochem Pharmacol

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulates synaptic GluA1 in the amygdala to promote depression in response to psychological stress. [Abstract]

2021 Oct:192:114740. PMID: 34419429
Cell Prolif

SETD2 epidermal deficiency promotes cutaneous wound healing via activation of AKT/mTOR Signalling. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;54(6):e13045. PMID: 33949020
Biochem Pharmacol

Nitazoxanide impairs mitophagy flux through ROS-mediated mitophagy initiation and lysosomal dysfunction in bladder cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Aug:190:114588. PMID: 33957094
Cell Prolif

RNA-binding protein HuR suppresses senescence through Atg7 mediated autophagy activation in diabetic intervertebral disc degeneration. [Abstract]

2021 Feb;54(2):e12975. PMID: 33372336
Biochem Pharmacol

Resolvin E1 protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis by targeting AKT/mTOR signaling. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;180:114188. PMID: 32750329
Biochem Pharmacol

Ginsenoside Rh4 suppresses aerobic glycolysis and the expression of PD-L1 via targeting AKT in esophageal cancer. [Abstract]

2020 Aug;178:114038. PMID: 32422139
Biochem Pharmacol

Canagliflozin inhibits p-gp function and early autophagy and improves the sensitivity to the antitumor effect of doxorubicin. [Abstract]

2020 May;175:113856. PMID: 32061772
Cell Prolif

Ginsenoside Rb3 provides protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via regulation of AMPK-/mTOR-mediated autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2019 Jul;52(4):e12627. PMID: 31094028
Cell Prolif

Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR increased the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cisplatin via interference with mitochondrial-lysosomal crosstalk. [Abstract]

2019 May;52(3):e12609. PMID: 31033054
Biochem Pharmacol

Anhydroicaritin improves diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia and alleviates insulin resistance by suppressing SREBPs activation. [Abstract]

2016 Dec 15:122:42-61. PMID: 27816546

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Pharmacol. 2016 Dec 15:122:42-61. [Abstract]

HepG2 cells were incubated with or without MHY1485 or Rapamycin for 1 h, the cells were switched to medium D in the presence of vehicle, or AHI.
NanoImpact

Polystyrene nanoplastics induce ovarian granulosa cell senescence via autophagy suppression. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 6:41:100607. PMID: 41360355
Pharmaceutics

Chimeric Peptide Engineered Nanomedicine for Synergistic Suppression of Tumor Growth and Therapy-Induced Hyperlipidemia by mTOR and PCSK9 Inhibition. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 23;15(10):2377. PMID: 37896137
Pharmaceutics

Drug Repurposing for the Identification of Compounds with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Capability via Multiple Targets. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 12;14(1):176. PMID: 35057070
Geroscience

Escitalopram accelerated aging via impaired IIS/autophagy signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 5. PMID: 41781498
J Ethnopharmacol

Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction promotes neuroprotection and functional recovery after ischemic stroke via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and modulation of microglial polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 28:365:121563. PMID: 41887379
J Ethnopharmacol

Huaiqihuang granule attenuate renal injury in IgA vasculitis nephritis by activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 6:360:121151. PMID: 41490554
Chem Biol Interact

ALKBH5-mediated autophagic flux impairment is involved in bilirubin neurotoxicity. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 25:427:111940. PMID: 41616906
J Ethnopharmacol

Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis-derived saponins potentiate the antitumor activity of GPX4 inhibitors. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 28:357:120890. PMID: 41232632
J Ethnopharmacol

Mechanistic Insights into Yunpi-Xiefei-Huatan decoction effects on autophagy and MUC5AC secretion in rat tracheal epithelial cells via the TGF-β3/Smad2/Smad3 pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 28:357:120922. PMID: 41260547
J Ethnopharmacol

Pien-Tze-Huang ameliorates autoimmune hepatitis by promoting hepatocyte autophagy via inhibiting miR-342-3p/mTOR signal. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 26:354:120491. PMID: 40876792
Virulence

Intratumorally specific microbial-derived lipopolysaccharide contributes to non-small cell lung cancer progression. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;16(1):2548626. PMID: 40817754
J Ethnopharmacol

Licochalcone A promotes autophagy to ameliorate NAFLD by inhibiting the mTOR and regulating ULK1/Beclin1/VPS34 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 29:120333. PMID: 40744422
Inflamm Res

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells derived IL-9 reduces macrophage apoptosis and attenuates acute lung injury in sepsis. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 13;74(1):38. PMID: 39945866
J Ethnopharmacol

Xiao-Er-Kang-Du capsules regulate autophagy against the influenza B virus (Victoria strain) through the mTOR/ULK1/Beclin1/VPS34 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 30;337(Pt 2):118872. PMID: 39366496
J Ethnopharmacol

Drug pairs of Huangqi and Dnggui alleviates pyroptosis by promoting autophagy activity via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in middle-cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion in rats. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 30;337(Pt 3):118982. PMID: 39454707
World J Gastroenterol

Loss of monopolar spindle-binding protein 3B expression promotes colorectal cancer invasiveness by activation of target of rapamycin kinase/autophagy signaling. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 14;30(26):3229-3246. PMID: 39086630
J Ethnopharmacol

Erjingpill bionic cerebrospinal fluid alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells by inhibiting glycolysis via mTOR. [Abstract]

2024 May 31:118412. PMID: 38824976
J Ethnopharmacol

Ganoderic acid A mitigates dopaminergic neuron ferroptosis via inhibiting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy in Parkinson's disease mice. [Abstract]

2024 May 17:118363. PMID: 38763373
Mar Drugs

Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol Induces Multiple Cell Death in A549 Cells via ER Stress and Autophagy Activation. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 13;22(4):174. PMID: 38667791
J Ethnopharmacol

Miao medicine Gu Yan Xiao tincture inhibits mTOR to stimulate chondrocyte autophagy in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 28:328:118095. PMID: 38548121
Chem Biol Interact

Targeting PKD2 aggravates ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis via promoting autophagosome-lysosome fusion and enhances efficacy of carboplatin in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 5:387:110794. PMID: 37951334
J Ethnopharmacol

Zanthoxylum armatum DC fruit ethyl acetate extract site induced hepatotoxicity by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting autophagy in BRL-3A models. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 5;319(Pt 2):117245. PMID: 37802376
Chem Biol Interact

3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol induces apoptosis, barrier dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress by inhibiting mTORC1-dependent autophagy in porcine enterocytes. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 1:384:110695. PMID: 37659622
J Ethnopharmacol

Jiawei-Xiaoyao pill elicits a rapid antidepressant effect, dependent on activating CaMKII/mTOR/BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 10;318(Pt B):117016. PMID: 37567427
J Ethnopharmacol

Tenuigenin activates the IRS1/Akt/mTOR signaling by blocking PTPN1 to inhibit autophagy and improve locomotor recovery in spinal cord injury. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 5:317:116841. PMID: 37355079
Food Funct

Hesperetin attenuates sepsis-induced intestinal barrier injury by regulating neutrophil extracellular trap formation via the ROS/autophagy signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 May 11;14(9):4213-4227. PMID: 37067254
Chem Biol Interact

A pivotal role of selective autophagy in mitochondrial quality control: Implications for zinc oxide nanoparticles induced neurotoxicity. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 25:363:110003. PMID: 35661739
J Ethnopharmacol

Panax notoginseng saponins protect PC12 cells against Aβ induced injury via promoting parkin-mediated mitophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 1:285:114859. PMID: 34818573
J Ethnopharmacol

Novel antidepressant mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1: Regulating biosynthesis and degradation of connexin43. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 5:278:114212. PMID: 34087399
J Ethnopharmacol

Zuojin Pill ameliorates chronic atrophic gastritis induced by MNNG through TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt axis. [Abstract]

2021 May 10:271:113893. PMID: 33524511
Chem Biol Interact

Swainsonine promotes apoptosis by impairing lysosomal function and inhibiting autophagic degradation in rat primary renal tubular epithelial cells. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 25;336:109319. PMID: 33186601
J Ethnopharmacol

Ganoderic acid D induces synergistic autophagic cell death except for apoptosis in ESCC cells. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 15;262:113213. PMID: 32755651
Inflammopharmacology

Rapamycin can alleviate the submandibular gland pathology of Sjögren's syndrome by limiting the activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Apr;32(2):1113-1131. PMID: 38114798
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

mTOR Inhibition Promotes Pneumonitis through Inducing Endothelial Contraction and Hyperpermeability. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;65(6):646-657. PMID: 34251297
Cells

TP53INP2 Contributes to TGF-β2-Induced Autophagy during the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Posterior Capsular Opacification Development. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 2;11(15):2385. PMID: 35954230
Microb Biotechnol

Attenuator LRR - a regulatory tool for modulating gene expression in Gram-positive bacteria. [Abstract]

2021 Nov;14(6):2538-2551. PMID: 33720523
Stem Cell Reports

Nuclear Lipin1 recruits HDAC2 to epigenetically repress SREBP1-dependent lipid synthesis and myelination in hypoxic preterm white matter injury. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 14;21(4):102853. PMID: 41825445
Life Sci

TIGAR deficiency exacerbated preeclampsia by impairing autophagy and accelerating trophoblasts apoptosis upon excessive oxidative stress via the NRF2-ARE pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 15:383:124062. PMID: 41192687
Commun Biol

Dcaf15-mediated EphA2 degradation triggers disruption of the blood-brain barrier during Streptococcus suis meningitis. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 23. PMID: 41276610
Commun Biol

The Bordetella type III secretion system effector BteA targets host eosinophil-epithelial signaling to promote IL-1Ra expression and persistence. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 20;8(1):1484. PMID: 41116045
Life Sci

Nuclear trafficking of PDK1 in importin7-dependent manner is required for insulin-induced AKT ubiquitination. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 1:380:123934. PMID: 40921246
Microchem J

2025 Sep 9;218:115245.
Life Sci

N6-methyladenosine-modified circQKI inhibits prostate cancer docetaxel-sensitivity via miR-188-3p/Beclin-1 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 17:372:123646. PMID: 40250752
Life Sci

Polymyxin B induces pigmentation by upregulating ATG2A-ERK/CREB-MITF-PMEL17 signaling axis. [Abstract]

2025 May 15:369:123553. PMID: 40074142
Stem Cell Reports

An efficient, non-viral arrayed CRISPR screening platform for iPSC-derived myeloid and microglia models. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 11;20(3):102420. PMID: 39983727
Commun Biol

Retinol binding protein 4 restricts PCV2 replication via selective autophagy degradation of viral ORF1 protein. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 5;7(1):1438. PMID: 39500783
Drug Des Devel Ther

Identification of Potential Therapeutics for Infantile Hemangioma via in silico Investigation and in vitro Validation. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 12:18:4065-4088. PMID: 39286286
Commun Biol

Setd2 inactivation sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma to inhibitors of oxidative respiration and mTORC1 signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 10;6(1):255. PMID: 36899051
Commun Biol

ACO2 deficiency increases vulnerability to Parkinson's disease via dysregulating mitochondrial function and histone acetylation-mediated transcription of autophagy genes. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 25;6(1):1201. PMID: 38007539
Commun Biol

ClpP/ClpX deficiency impairs mitochondrial functions and mTORC1 signaling during spermatogenesis. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 5;6(1):1012. PMID: 37798322
Mech Ageing Dev

Klotho ameliorates angiotension-II-induced endothelial senescence via restoration of autophagy by inhibiting Wnt3a/GSK-3β/mTOR signaling: A potential mechanism involved in prognostic performance of Klotho in coronary atherosclerotic disease. [Abstract]

2023 Apr:211:111789. PMID: 36764463
Commun Biol

mTOR contributes to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by promoting eNOS expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 22;5(1):726. PMID: 35869262
Commun Biol

Targeting colonic macrophages improves glycemic control in high-fat diet-induced obesity. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 19;5(1):370. PMID: 35440795
Drug Des Devel Ther

Berberine Influences the Survival of Fat Grafting by Inhibiting Autophagy and Apoptosis of Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 30;15:4795-4809. PMID: 34876804
Drug Des Devel Ther

Doxazosin Attenuates Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting Autophagy in Hepatic Stellate Cells via Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 21;15:3643-3659. PMID: 34456560
Life Sci

IL37 overexpression inhibits autophagy and apoptosis induced by hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via modulating AMPK/mTOR/ULLK1 signalling pathways. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 1:276:119424. PMID: 33785334
Stem Cell Reports

Differentiation of Hypertrophic Chondrocytes from Human iPSCs for the In Vitro Modeling of Chondrodysplasias. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 9;S2213-6711(21)00044-8. PMID: 33636111
Life Sci

S6K1 inhibits HBV replication through inhibiting AMPK-ULK1 pathway and disrupting acetylation modification of H3K27. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 15;265:118848. PMID: 33278383
Drug Des Devel Ther

Leflunomide Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis via Suppressing Autophagy and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. [Abstract]

2020 May 18;14:1897-1908. PMID: 32546957
Life Sci

Cortistatin ameliorates Ang II-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting autophagy through SSTR3 and SSTR5. [Abstract]

2020 Jul 15;253:117726. PMID: 32348837
Life Sci

Treadmill exercise improves neurological function by inhibiting autophagy and the binding of HMGB1 to Beclin1 in MCAO juvenile rats. [Abstract]

2020 Feb 15;243:117279. PMID: 31926245
Drug Des Devel Ther

Curcumin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis-induced inflammation and synovial hyperplasia by targeting mTOR pathway in rats. [Abstract]

2018 Dec 3:12:4095-4105. PMID: 30584274
Stem Cell Reports

Inhibition of Farnesyltransferase Potentiates NOTCH-Targeted Therapy against Glioblastoma Stem Cells. [Abstract]

2017 Dec 12;9(6):1948-1960. PMID: 29198824
CNS Neurosci Ther

Rapamycin Reduces Amyloid-β Plaques and Improves Behavioral Performance in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Mouse Models of Amyloidosis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar;32(3):e70807. PMID: 41749460
CNS Neurosci Ther

The Role of P62/Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway in Lead-Induced Neurological Dysfunction. [Abstract]

2025 Sep;31(9):e70566. PMID: 40913351
Inflammation

LARS1 Promotes Tubular Epithelial Cells Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting Lipophagy. [Abstract]

2025 May 21. PMID: 40397353
CNS Neurosci Ther

Acute Restraint Stress Induces Long-Lasting Synaptic Enhancement by Inhibiting AMPK Activation in AD Model Mice. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;31(3):e70335. PMID: 40102200
Inflammation

Oroxylin A-induced Trained Immunity Promotes LC3-associated Phagocytosis in Macrophage in Protecting Mice Against Sepsis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;47(6):2196-2214. PMID: 38739341
Inflammation

CKIP-1 Promotes P. gingivalis-Induced Inflammation of Periodontal Soft Tissues by Inhibiting Autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;46(5):1997-2010. PMID: 37351817
Immunology

Deficiency of angiopoietin-like 4 enhances CD8+ T cell bioactivity via metabolic reprogramming for impairing tumour progression. [Abstract]

2023 Sep;170(1):28-46. PMID: 37094816
Nutrients

Hesperidin Reversed Long-Term N-methyl- N-nitro- N-Nitroguanidine Exposure Induced EMT and Cell Proliferation by Activating Autophagy in Gastric Tissues of Rats. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 11;14(24):5281. PMID: 36558440
Inflammation

ALDH2 Hampers Immune Escape in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma through ROS/Nrf2-mediated Autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Dec;45(6):2309-2324. PMID: 35715591
Respir Res

HGF alleviates septic endothelial injury by inhibiting pyroptosis via the mTOR signalling pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Aug 14;21(1):215. PMID: 32795289
Inflammation

Rapamycin Alleviates Hypertriglyceridemia-Related Acute Pancreatitis via Restoring Autophagy Flux and Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]

2020 Aug;43(4):1510-1523. PMID: 32642911
Inflammation

Insulin Exacerbates Inflammation in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. [Abstract]

2020 Jun;43(3):916-936. PMID: 31981062
Respir Res

Lipoxin A4 receptor agonist BML-111 induces autophagy in alveolar macrophages and protects from acute lung injury by activating MAPK signaling. [Abstract]

2018 Dec 5;19(1):243. PMID: 30518355
Respir Res

Sirolimus alters lung pathology and viral load following influenza A virus infection. [Abstract]

2017 Jul 11;18(1):136. PMID: 28693498
J Nutr Biochem

Food-derived chlorogenic acid prevents aortic aneurysm and dissection by nutritional restore branched-chain amino acid dyshomeostasis. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 6:150:110211. PMID: 41360205
Int J Oncol

Discovery of the late autophagy inhibitor FZU‑0045‑053 and its anti‑breast cancer and immunomodulatory effects. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;68(1):10. PMID: 41312734
J Drug Deliv Sci Technol

2025 Oct 24;115:107688.
PLoS Pathog

Retinol binding protein 4 enhances cellular cholesterol uptake to facilitate influenza A virus infection. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 27;21(10):e1013623. PMID: 41144502
Int J Mol Sci

The Activation of the Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Involved in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Related Neuroinflammation. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 26;26(15):7244. PMID: 40806374
Int J Mol Sci

Methamphetamine and Methamphetamine-Induced Neuronal Exosomes Modulate the Activity of Rab7a via PTEN to Exert an Influence on the Disordered Autophagic Flux Induced in Neurons. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 14;26(6):2644. PMID: 40141286
Int J Mol Sci

mTOR-Mediated Autophagy Regulates Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury via Pyroptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 13;26(6):2589. PMID: 40141229
Int J Mol Sci

FGF2 Rescued Cisplatin-Injured Granulosa Cells through the NRF2-Autophagy Pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 18;24(18):14215. PMID: 37762517
PLoS Pathog

Treponema pallidum promoted microglia apoptosis and prevented itself from clearing by human microglia via blocking autophagic flux. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 23;19(8):e1011594. PMID: 37611054
Int J Oncol

Histone lysine demethylase 3B regulates autophagy via transcriptional regulation of GABARAPL1 in acute myeloid leukemia cells. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;63(1):87. PMID: 37326062
Int J Mol Sci

Vitamin A Promotes the Fusion of Autophagolysosomes and Prevents Excessive Inflammasome Activation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. [Abstract]

2023 May 12;24(10):8684. PMID: 37240022
Int J Mol Sci

Ethyl Gallate Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Promoting IFITM3 Expression, Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity. [Abstract]

2023 May 12;24(10):8637. PMID: 37239983
PLoS Pathog

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection triggers autophagy via ER stress-induced calcium signaling to facilitate virus replication. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 27;19(3):e1011295. PMID: 36972295

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS Pathog. 2023 Mar 27;19(3):e1011295. [Abstract]

Marc-145 cell were mock or infected with PRRSV (MOI = 0.1) with Rapamycin (100 nM), 3-MA (20 mM) or DMSO treatment for 24 h. Cell lysates were collected and determined by immunoblotting with antibodies against LC3-I/II, PRRSV-N and β-actin.
Int J Mol Sci

Combined Inhibition of Hedgehog and HDAC6: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Reveal a New Role for Lysosomal Stress in Reducing Glioblastoma Cell Viability. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 17;24(6):5771. PMID: 36982845
PLoS Pathog

Picornavirus infection enhances aspartate by the SLC38A8 transporter to promote viral replication. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 3;19(2):e1011126. PMID: 36735752
Int J Mol Sci

Effect of Sirolimus/Metformin Co-Treatment on Hyperglycemia and Cellular Respiration in BALB/c Mice. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 8;24(2):1223. PMID: 36674739
Int J Mol Sci

Modulating p-AMPK/mTOR Pathway of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Caused by MTERF1 Abnormal Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 15;23(20):12354. PMID: 36293209
PLoS Pathog

IL-2-mTORC1 signaling coordinates the STAT1/T-bet axis to ensure Th1 cell differentiation and anti-bacterial immune response in fish. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 25;18(10):e1010913. PMID: 36282845
Int J Mol Sci

Androgen-Responsive Oncogenic lncRNA RP11-1023L17.1 Enhances c-Myc Protein Stability in Prostate Cancer. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 13;23(20):12219. PMID: 36293081
Int J Mol Sci

lncRNA CASC19 Contributes to Radioresistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Promoting Autophagy via AMPK-mTOR Pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 30;22(3):1407. PMID: 33573349
J Nutr Biochem

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D attenuates diabetic cardiac autophagy and damage by vitamin D receptor-mediated suppression of FoxO1 translocation. [Abstract]

2020 Jun;80:108380. PMID: 32299030
Int J Mol Sci

A Novel Specific Anti-CD73 Antibody Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Motility by Regulating Autophagy. [Abstract]

2019 Feb 28;20(5):1057. PMID: 30823477
Int J Oncol

Active fraction of clove induces apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells. [Abstract]

2018 Sep;53(3):1363-1373. PMID: 30015913
Biomolecules

2026 Apr;16(4):506.
Cell Oncol (Dordr)

MDMX enhances radiosensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting P53-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;48(4):1067-1088. PMID: 40327296
Cell Oncol (Dordr)

UBE2Q2 promotes tumor progression and glycolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma through NF-κB/HIF1α signal pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jun;48(3):637-654. PMID: 39833608
Biomolecules

Hypoxia Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Through HIF-1α Mediated Autophagy in Yak. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 10;15(2):256. PMID: 40001559
Biomolecules

Repurposing Nitazoxanide for Potential Treatment of Rare Disease Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 30;14(10):1236. PMID: 39456169
Ann N Y Acad Sci

NAcM-OPT protects keratinocytes from H2O2-induced cell damage by promoting autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Jul;1537(1):155-167. PMID: 38922711
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Rapamycin as a Potential Alternative Drug for Squamous Cell Gingiva Carcinoma (Ca9-22): A Focus on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and Autophagy Genetic Profile. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 19;17(1):131. PMID: 38276004
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Toosendanin Induces Hepatocyte Damage by Inhibiting Autophagic Flux via TFEB-Mediated Lysosomal Dysfunction. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 3;15(12):1509. PMID: 36558960
Front Pharmacol

Suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent autophagy enhances cynaropicrin-induced apoptosis via attenuation of the P62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathways in neuroblastoma. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 16;13:977622. PMID: 36188599
Front Pharmacol

Combination Therapy With Rapamycin and Low Dose Imatinib in Pulmonary Hypertension. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 11;12:758763. PMID: 34858182
Front Bioeng Biotechnol

Platelet-Rich Plasma Induces Autophagy and Promotes Regeneration in Human Dental Pulp Cells. [Abstract]

2021 Sep 8:9:659742. PMID: 34568294
Front Pharmacol

Icariin Ameliorates Diabetic Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Restoring Autophagy via Regulation of the miR-192-5p/GLP-1R Pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 19:12:720387. PMID: 34349660
Front Pharmacol

PPM-18, an Analog of Vitamin K, Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells Through ROS and AMPK Signaling Pathways. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 9:12:684915. PMID: 34305598
Cell Oncol (Dordr)

CDK7 blockade suppresses super-enhancer-associated oncogenes in bladder cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Aug;44(4):871-887. PMID: 33905040
Front Pharmacol

Neuroprotective Effects of Oxymatrine on PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway After Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rats. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 13:12:642415. PMID: 33927621
Front Pharmacol

Berberine Attenuates Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Induced by MNNG and Its Potential Mechanism. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 25:12:644638. PMID: 33841162
Front Pharmacol

Hyperoside Protects Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Against Anticardiolipin Antibody-Induced Injury by Activating Autophagy. [Abstract]

2020 May 21;11:762. PMID: 32508661
Cell Mol Neurobiol

FTY720 Modulates Microglia Toward Anti-inflammatory Phenotype by Suppressing Autophagy via STAT1 Pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Mar;41(2):353-364. PMID: 32342246
Front Cell Infect Microbiol

Autophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target Against Duck Tembusu Virus Infection in vivo. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 15;10:155. PMID: 32351903
Front Pharmacol

Shen-Yuan-Dan Capsule Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Foam Cell Formation by Enhancing Autophagy and Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2019 May 31:10:603. PMID: 31214032
Int Immunopharmacol

HO-1 relied on PI3K/mTOR signaling to alleviate inflammation by reducing the apoptosis and autophagy of bovine mammary epithelial cells. [Abstract]

2026 May 15:177:116545. PMID: 41875495
mBio

Estradiol enhances influenza vaccine responses through B cell metabolic reprogramming in female mice. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 26:e0396525. PMID: 41744685
Int Immunopharmacol

A multi-omics R-loop-linked risk program highlights CKS2-positive proliferative tumor cells as drivers of glioma growth. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 15:175:116421. PMID: 41763168
mBio

Legionella Lem26 functions as an ATG8-activated effector that inhibits host autophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 5:e0359525. PMID: 41641997
Bioorg Chem

Lometrexol targets MRPL2 to suppress NSCLC via dual regulation of mitochondrial ribosomal activity and nuclear PDCD11/ Ca2+ signaling. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:170:109509. PMID: 41558196
Int Immunopharmacol

Staphylococcus aureus escapes endosomes and autophagosomes via α-hemolysin. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 22:170:116072. PMID: 41435633
Int Immunopharmacol

Baicalin inhibits the Akt/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway to activate autophagy and ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 2):115883. PMID: 41308360
Int Immunopharmacol

Rutin alleviates preoperative anxiety stress-induced persistent postoperative pain by inhibiting microglia-mediated abnormal synaptic engulfment in the spinal cord dorsal horn. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 13:164:115309. PMID: 40811944
Int Immunopharmacol

SIRT3 attenuates sepsis-induced EndMT and cardiac remodeling by facilitating mitophagy process via PINK1/Parkin signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 20:164:115377. PMID: 40840139
Reprod Biol Endocrinol

Rapamycin reduces DNA damage of in vitro matured oocytes by promoting Rad51-mediated homologous recombination. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 3;23(1):93. PMID: 40611176
Int Immunopharmacol

CORM-3 mitigates osteoarthritis by anti-inflammation and enhancing autophagy via inhibiting MAPK and mTOR pathways. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 31:163:115296. PMID: 40749610
Int Immunopharmacol

Idelalisib modulates CD4+ T cell responses to mitigate rejection of allografts in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 23:162:115155. PMID: 40602262
Int Immunopharmacol

Acetyl zingerone inhibits chondrocyte pyroptosis and alleviates osteoarthritis progression by promoting mitophagy through the PINK1/parkin signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 9:161:115055. PMID: 40494201
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol

Inflammation-induced PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis promoting myometrium contraction through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in preterm birth mice. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 5. PMID: 39907705
Int Immunopharmacol

Modulation of γδ T cells by USF3: Implications for liver fibrosis and immune regulation. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 26:148:114100. PMID: 39870010
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

Atg5-Mediated Lipophagy Induces Ferroptosis in Corneal Epithelial Cells in Dry Eye Disease. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 2;65(14):12. PMID: 39636725
Int Immunopharmacol

Downregulation of HSPA12A protects heart against sepsis through suppressing mTOR-mediated inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 4:145:113721. PMID: 39642573
Int Immunopharmacol

Detection of serum lactate dehydrogenase A and its metabolites on placental function in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 10:145:113739. PMID: 39662271
mBio

The vitamin D receptor is essential for the replication of pseudorabies virus. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 30:e0213724. PMID: 39475231
Int Immunopharmacol

Dietary glutamine supplementation improves both Th1 and Th17 responses via CARD11-mTORC1 pathway in murine model of atopic dermatitis. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 4;143(Pt 1):113316. PMID: 39368135
Int Immunopharmacol

The role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in mediating PD-L1 upregulation during fibroblast transdifferentiation. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 18;142(Pt B):113186. PMID: 39298817
Eur J Pharmacol

Restoration of ARA metabolic disorders in vascular smooth muscle cells alleviates intimal hyperplasia. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 10:176824. PMID: 39265882
Int Immunopharmacol

Intravenous immunoglobulin protects the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and inhibits ferroptosis induced by radiation exposure by activating the mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 20:131:111908. PMID: 38518594
Eur J Pharmacol

PTH 1-34 reduced apoptosis of MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells by activating autophagy and inhibiting ER stress under RPM conditions. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 15:967:176364. PMID: 38316249
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

m6A-Mediated Upregulation of Imprinted in Prader-Willi Syndrome Induces Aberrant Apical-Basal Polarization and Oxidative Damage in RPE Cells. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 1;65(2):10. PMID: 38315495
Eur J Pharmacol

Inhibition of excessive autophagy alleviates renal injury and inflammation in a rat model of immunoglobulin A nephropathy. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 15:961:176198. PMID: 37972847
mBio

Respiratory syncytial virus co-opts hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-mediated glycolysis to favor the production of infectious virus. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 31;14(5):e0211023. PMID: 37796013
Eur J Pharm Sci

Ultrasound-Guided Periadventitial Administration of Rapamycin-Fibrin Glue Attenuates Neointimal Hyperplasia in the Rat Carotid Artery Injury Model. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 1:192:106610. PMID: 37852309
Int Immunopharmacol

Metronomic capecitabine with rapamycin exerts an immunosuppressive effect by inducing ferroptosis of CD4+ T cells after liver transplantation in rat. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 23;124(Pt A):110810. PMID: 37625370
Int Immunopharmacol

Sialic acids promote macrophage M1 polarization and atherosclerosis by upregulating ROS and autophagy blockage. [Abstract]

2023 Jul:120:110410. PMID: 37270929
Int Immunopharmacol

Paeoniflorin promotes intestinal stem cell-mediated epithelial regeneration and repair via PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling in ulcerative colitis. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:119:110247. PMID: 37159966
Int Immunopharmacol

Autophagy-mediated circHIPK2 promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocytic inflammation via SIGMAR1. [Abstract]

2023 Apr:117:109907. PMID: 36827915
Eur J Pharmacol

Idebenone attenuates ferroptosis by inhibiting excessive autophagy via the ROS-AMPK-mTOR pathway to preserve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 15:943:175569. PMID: 36740037
Int Immunopharmacol

Rapamycin regulates osteogenic differentiation through Parkin-mediated mitophagy in rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]

2022 Dec;113(Pt B):109407. PMID: 36379150
Int Immunopharmacol

D-Mannose ameliorates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in mice and TNF-α-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes via mTOR/NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Dec;113(Pt A):109378. PMID: 36327873
Int Immunopharmacol

Selenomethionine alleviates NF-κB-mediated inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by Escherichia coli by enhancing autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Sep:110:108989. PMID: 35785729
Reprod Biol Endocrinol

Rapamycin improves the quality and developmental competence of mice oocytes by promoting DNA damage repair during in vitro maturation. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 18;20(1):67. PMID: 35436937
Int Immunopharmacol

Down-regulation of TRPM2 attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury through activation of autophagy and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Mar:104:108443. PMID: 35021129
Int Immunopharmacol

Taraxasterol mitigates Con A-induced hepatitis in mice by suppressing interleukin-2 expression and its signaling in T lymphocytes. [Abstract]

2022 Jan:102:108380. PMID: 34848154
Eur J Pharmacol

Confirming whether novel rhein derivative 4a induces paraptosis-like cell death by endoplasmic reticulum stress in ovarian cancer cells. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 5;886:173526. PMID: 32890460
ACS Appl Bio Mater

Carrier-Free Small-Molecule Drug Nanoassembly Elicits Chemoimmunotherapy via Co-inhibition of PD-L1/mTOR. [Abstract]

2020 Jul 20;3(7):4543-4555. PMID: 35025453
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

The Role of Autophagy in the Innate Immune Response to Fungal Keratitis Caused by Aspergillus fumigatus Infection. [Abstract]

2020 Feb 7;61(2):25. PMID: 32084267
Int J Cancer

IFN-γ-mediated inhibition of lung cancer correlates with PD-L1 expression and is regulated by PI3K-AKT signaling. [Abstract]

2018 Aug 15;143(4):931-943. PMID: 29516506

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Cancer. 2018 Aug 15;143(4):931-943. [Abstract]

H1975 cells are pretreated with Rapamycin (100 nM) for 1 h and then cells are exposed to IFN-γ (100 U/mL). Phosphorylation of AKT, S6, 4E-BP1 are analyzed by western blotting.
Int Immunopharmacol

Inhibition of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by exogenous thymosinβ4 treatment. [Abstract]

2018 Aug:61:20-28. PMID: 29793165
J Med Virol

Association of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Autophagy Pathways With Cytokine Storm and Disease Severity in Dengue Patients. [Abstract]

2026 Jun;98(6):e70999. PMID: 42246437
Neuropharmacology

Agomelatine alleviates depressive-like behaviors in mice by promoting mitophagy in parvalbumin-expressing neurons of the hippocampal ventral dentate gyrus. [Abstract]

2026 Jul 1:292:110945. PMID: 41887570
J Med Virol

Pexophagy Triggered by Enterovirus 71 Modulates the Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Through Cholesterol Accumulation in Lysosomes. [Abstract]

2025 Sep;97(9):e70578. PMID: 40856297
Toxicology

Acidosis induces autophagic cell death through ASIC1-mediated Akt/mTOR signaling in HT22 neurons. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 3:154045. PMID: 39756784
Neuropharmacology

Defective autophagy contributes to bupivacaine-induced aggravation of painful diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 1:245:109814. PMID: 38104768
Neuropharmacology

Microglial stimulation triggered by intranasal lipopolysaccharide administration produces antidepressant-like effect through ERK1/2-mediated BDNF synthesis in the hippocampus. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 1:240:109693. PMID: 37678448
Cancer Biol Ther

Developing and characterizing a two-layered safety switch for cell therapies. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 31;24(1):2232146. PMID: 37439774
Toxicology

Protective role of cezanne in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting autophagy, apoptosis and oxidative stress. [Abstract]

2023 Feb:485:153426. PMID: 36639017
Toxicology

Pinellia ternata lectin induces inflammation through TLR4 receptor and mediates PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis to regulate NF-κB signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 1:486:153430. PMID: 36669722
Toxicology

Environmental exposure to microcystin-LR increases the risks of urinary bladder proliferation and carcinogenesis: Evidence from case control, animal, and in vitro studies. [Abstract]

2022 Oct;480:153326. PMID: 36115647
Front Endocrinol

FGF2 Is Protective Towards Cisplatin-Induced KGN Cell Toxicity by Promoting FTO Expression and Autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 16;13:890623. PMID: 35784556
Toxicology

Activation of mitophagy by rapamycin eliminated the accumulation of TDP-43 on mitochondrial and promoted the resolution of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 9;471:153176. PMID: 35405287
Toxicology

SIRT4 Suppresses Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Regulating the AKT/mTOR/Autophagy Pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 5;469:153119. PMID: 35134463
Toxicology

Phenanthrene induces autism-like behavior by promoting oxidative stress and mTOR pathway activation. [Abstract]

2021 Sep:461:152910. PMID: 34453960
Toxicology

1,3-dichloro-2-propanol induced lipid accumulation by blocking autophagy flux in HepG2 cells. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 30:454:152716. PMID: 33581215
Toxicology

Oxidative stress-dependent frataxin inhibition mediated alcoholic hepatocytotoxicity through ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2020 Dec 1;445:152584. PMID: 33017621
J Med Virol

The role of autophagy in human cytomegalovirus IE2 expression. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;93(6):3795-3803. PMID: 32710640
Molecules

In Vitro and in Vivo Activity of mTOR Kinase and PI3K Inhibitors Against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 23;25(8):1980. PMID: 32340370
Toxicology

NADPH protects against kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity via autophagy-lysosome pathway in rat striatum and primary cortical neurons. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 15;435:152408. PMID: 32057834
Neuropharmacology

Hyperactive Akt-mTOR pathway as a therapeutic target for pain hypersensitivity in Cntnap2-deficient mice. [Abstract]

2020 Mar 15;165:107816. PMID: 31874168
Molecules

Diallyl Disulfide Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. [Abstract]

2019 Jul 23;24(14):2665. PMID: 31340526
Front Endocrinol

Fertility Enhancement but Premature Ovarian Failure in esr1-Deficient Female Zebrafish. [Abstract]

2018 Sep 24:9:567. PMID: 30319547
Cell Rep Methods

Tumor immune microenvironment reconstitution in patient-derived organoids enables therapy modeling for NSCLC. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 15;6(6):101339. PMID: 42134319
Genes Immun

Dexmedetomidine relieves LPS-induced acute lung injury by boosting HIF-1a/ACOD1 driven anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 24. PMID: 40993330
BMC Biol

Targeting the complement-mTOR-autophagy axis: the role of apolipoprotein E in depression. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 28;23(1):228. PMID: 40722026
Cell Rep Methods

RECOVER identifies synergistic drug combinations in vitro through sequential model optimization. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 23;3(10):100599. PMID: 37797618
J Biomed Inform

From Centralized to Ad-Hoc Knowledge Base Construction for Hypotheses Generation. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:142:104383. PMID: 37196989
Front Microbiol

Rapamycin inhibits hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA transcription by enhancing the ubiquitination of HBx. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 11;13:850087. PMID: 36033851
Mol Oncol

Repurposing antitussive benproperine phosphate against pancreatic cancer depends on autophagy arrest. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 23;15(2):725-738. PMID: 33226737
Front Microbiol

Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Reduces Autophagy of Macrophages Enhancing Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 17:11:708. PMID: 32362888
Front Microbiol

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ORF5 Protein Induces Autophagy to Promote Viral Replication via the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 and mTOR-ERK1/2-AMPK Signaling Pathways in PK-15 Cells. [Abstract]

2020 Feb 28;11:320. PMID: 32184774
Cancers (Basel)

Triptolide Triggers Protective Autophagy via ROS Induction in NSCLC: Therapeutic Synergy with Autophagy Inhibition. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 11;18(6):902. PMID: 41899507
Water Biol Secur

2025 Sep 18.
Immunotargets Ther

The Effects of M2 Macrophages-Derived Exosomes on Urethral Fibrosis and Stricture in Scar Formation. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 4:14:151-173. PMID: 40061513
Clin Epigenetics

METTL3 exerts synergistic effects on m6A methylation and histone modification to regulate the function of VGF in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 23;15(1):153. PMID: 37742030
Ann Hepatol

Metformin ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by congestive hepatopathy via the mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Nov-Dec;28(6):101135. PMID: 37451514
Clin Epigenetics

Inactivation of ZSCAN18 by promoter hypermethylation drives the proliferation via attenuating TP53INP2-mediated autophagy in gastric cancer cells. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 17;15(1):10. PMID: 36650573
Mol Neurobiol

Sleep Deprivation Induces Anxiety-like Behaviors in Mice by Impairing ApoE/AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 13;63(1):293. PMID: 41390598
Biol Proced Online

Establishment of a mouse lung cancer organoid model and its applications for therapeutic screening. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 16;27(1):21. PMID: 40524168
Mol Neurobiol

Deletion of ZNRF2 Exacerbates MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease by Activating mTOR-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Pathways. [Abstract]

2025 May 22. PMID: 40402410
Ann Med

Corticotropin-releasing hormone inhibits autophagy by suppressing PTEN to promote apoptosis in dermal papilla cells. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;57(1):2490823. PMID: 40219757
J Physiol Biochem

ESR1-dependent suppression of LCN2 transcription reverses autophagy-linked ferroptosis and enhances sorafenib sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 24. PMID: 40126852
Transl Stroke Res

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Brain Edema Around Intracerebral Hematoma via ERK-Mediated Regulation of MMP9 and AQP4. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 28. PMID: 39733198
Mol Neurobiol

BI1 Activates Autophagy and Mediates TDP43 to Regulate ALS Pathogenesis. [Abstract]

2025 Jan;62(1):988-1030. PMID: 38954254
Transl Stroke Res

Except for Robust Outliers, Rapamycin Increases Lesion Burden in a Murine Model of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. [Abstract]

2025 Jun;16(3):859-867. PMID: 38980519
ACS Omega

Rapamycin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Prevents LPS-Induced Alveolar Bone Loss by Oxidative Stress Suppression. [Abstract]

2023 May 29;8(23):20739-20754. PMID: 37323396
Mol Neurobiol

Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity: Involvement of mTOR/IKK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Nov;59(11):6903-6917. PMID: 36053437
J Physiol Biochem

Orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 relieves insulin resistance in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells through activation of autophagy and insulin signaling. [Abstract]

2022 Nov;78(4):777-791. PMID: 35902547
Front Cell Dev Biol

TEOA Promotes Autophagic Cell Death via ROS-Mediated Inhibition of mTOR/p70S6k Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 6;9:734818. PMID: 34692691
Mol Neurobiol

The mTOR/NF-κB Pathway Mediates Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Plasticity in Diabetic Encephalopathy. [Abstract]

2021 Aug;58(8):3848-3862. PMID: 33860440
Front Cell Dev Biol

Structural and Functional Characterization of Fibronectin in Extracellular Vesicles From Hepatocytes. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 18:9:640667. PMID: 33816490
Front Cell Dev Biol

RAB39B Deficiency Impairs Learning and Memory Partially Through Compromising Autophagy. [Abstract]

2020 Dec 8;8:598622. PMID: 33364235
Mol Neurobiol

GABAergic Interneuron and Neurotransmission Are mTOR-Dependently Disturbed in Experimental Focal Cortical Dysplasia. [Abstract]

2021 Jan;58(1):156-169. PMID: 32909150
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

Atractylenolide I ameliorates acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) by promoting autophagy and preserving mitochondrial function through mTOR inhibition. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 10;1872(5):168197. PMID: 41812529
FASEB J

Parthenolide Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Through Regulation of Protein Homeostasis and Inhibition of Inflammation. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 31;40(6):e71660. PMID: 41801191
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

ATP6V0d2 alleviates acute liver injury via promoting hepatocyte autophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 27;1872(4):168170. PMID: 41604740
FASEB J

EM2, a Novel Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. Monomer, Enhances Radiosensitivity in Cervical Cancer Through Dual Inhibition of AKT and Autophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 31;40(2):e71454. PMID: 41527777
Mediators Inflamm

Neutrophil-Fibroblast Crosstalk Drives Immunofibrosis in Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Through Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 11:2025:3113542. PMID: 41262541
FASEB J

MIF Promotes Phenotypic Switching of VSMCs via AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy Regulation in Aortic Dissection. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15;39(19):e71079. PMID: 41001812
Poult Sci

Exploring ANT1 dysfunction as a pathological driver of wooden breast myopathy in broiler chickens. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 26;104(11):105730. PMID: 40972420
FASEB J

ACSL3/GABARAPL2 Ameliorates Vascular Endothelial Cell Aging and Injury Through Protective Autophagy to Alleviate Ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 31;39(16):e70912. PMID: 40802494
J Cell Mol Med

The Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Piezo1 Regulates Chondrocyte Homeostasis Through the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 Pathway in Osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;29(15):e70734. PMID: 40745673
Exp Neurol

Effect of activated autophagy on an animal model of vestibular migraine-like attacks. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:392:115366. PMID: 40602589
J Cell Mol Med

Identification of FADS2 as a Contributor of Ferroptosis Escape in Bladder Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;29(14):e70710. PMID: 40682485
Lipids Health Dis

Dehydrodiisoeugenol alleviates palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human vascular smooth muscle cells through the activation of SIRT1-mediated Drp1 deacetylation. [Abstract]

2025 May 24;24(1):187. PMID: 40413480
Exp Neurol

SDF2L1 downregulation mediates high glucose-caused Schwann cell dysfunction by inhibiting nuclear import of TFEB and CREB via KPNA3. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 26:115273. PMID: 40294738
Poult Sci

Fowl adenovirus serotype-4 induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway during viral invasion of host cells. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;104(4):104967. PMID: 40106851
BMC Microbiol

6-thioguanine inhibits EV71 replication by reducing BIRC3-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 29;25(1):53. PMID: 39881250
J Cell Mol Med

Foxk2 Enhances Adipogenic Differentiation by Relying on the Transcriptional Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. [Abstract]

2025 Jan;29(1):e70332. PMID: 39789420
Lipids Health Dis

Knockdown of RASD1 improves MASLD progression by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 27;23(1):424. PMID: 39731125
Mediators Inflamm

Autophagy Improves Inflammatory Response in Sepsis Accompanied by Changes in Gut Microbiota. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 18:2024:9550301. PMID: 39465181
FEBS J

The deficiency of ALKBH5 contributes to hepatic lipid deposition by impairing VPS11-dependent autophagic flux. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;291(23):5256-5275. PMID: 39434426
Mol Nutr Food Res

Norisoboldine, a Natural Alkaloid from Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm, Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation via S6K1 Signaling Pathway and Prevents Bone Loss in OVX Mice. [Abstract]

2024 May 30:e2400193. PMID: 38813717
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

P75NTR regulates autophagy through the YAP-mTOR pathway to increase the proliferation of interfollicular epidermal cells and promote wound healing in diabetic mice. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;1870(3):167012. PMID: 38176461
J Cell Mol Med

Upregulation of ATG9b by propranolol promotes autophagic cell death of hepatic stellate cells to improve liver fibrosis. [Abstract]

2024 Jan;28(2):e18047. PMID: 37970991
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

Deficiency of BCAT2-mediated branched-chain amino acid catabolism promotes colorectal cancer development. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 4;1870(2):166941. PMID: 37926361
FASEB J

Foxk1 stimulates adipogenic differentiation via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2-dependent mechanism. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;37(12):e23266. PMID: 37889840
FASEB J

RUNX1 promotes proliferation and migration in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines via the mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Nov;37(11):e23195. PMID: 37801076
J Cell Mol Med

Engeletin alleviates depression-like phenotype by increasing synaptic plasticity via the BDNF-TrkB-mTORC1 signalling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;27(23):3928-3938. PMID: 37799103
FASEB J

FURIN suppresses the progression of atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 May;37(5):e22933. PMID: 37093709
Exp Neurol

Fidgetin impacts axonal growth and branching in a local mTOR signal dependent manner. [Abstract]

2023 Mar:361:114315. PMID: 36586551
FASEB J

Exosomal miR-7002-5p derived from highglucose-induced macrophages suppresses autophagy in tubular epithelial cells by targeting Atg9b. [Abstract]

2022 Sep;36(9):e22501. PMID: 35971776
J Mol Med (Berl)

mTOR-FABP4 signal is activated in brain arteriovenous malformations in humans. [Abstract]

2022 Sep;100(9):1287-1297. PMID: 35876909
J Clin Transl Hepatol

USP10 Alleviates Palmitic Acid-induced Steatosis through Autophagy in HepG2 Cells. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 28;11(1):45-57. PMID: 36406315
Exp Neurol

MiR-153 downregulation alleviates PTSD-like behaviors and reduces cell apoptosis by upregulating the Sigma-1 receptor in the hippocampus of rats exposed to single-prolonged stress. [Abstract]

2022 Jun:352:114034. PMID: 35259352
Bioengineered

Rapamycin ameliorates chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep deprivation-induced renal damage via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Mar;13(3):5537-5550. PMID: 35184679
Mediators Inflamm

Sanse Powder Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Negatively Regulates TRPA1 by AMPK/mTOR Signaling in Synovitis: Knee Osteoarthritis Rat Model and Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Isolates. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 28:2021:4736670. PMID: 34876884
J Cell Mol Med

PKM2 promotes angiotensin-II-induced cardiac remodelling by activating TGF-β/Smad2/3 and Jak2/Stat3 pathways through oxidative stress. [Abstract]

2021 Nov;25(22):10711-10723. PMID: 34687136
J Cell Mol Med

MicroRNA-205-5p targets E2F1 to promote autophagy and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through impairing SKP2-mediated Beclin1 ubiquitination. [Abstract]

2021 Oct;25(19):9214-9227. PMID: 34428336
J Cell Mol Med

The molecular mechanism underlying mitophagy-mediated hippocampal neuron apoptosis in diabetes-related depression. [Abstract]

2021 Aug;25(15):7342-7353. PMID: 34213839
FASEB J

L-leucine promotes axonal outgrowth and regeneration via mTOR activation. [Abstract]

2021 May;35(5):e21526. PMID: 33813773
J Cell Mol Med

2020;00:1-15.
Poultry Sci

Melatonin regulates chicken granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis by activating the mTOR signaling pathway via its receptors. [Abstract]

2020 Nov;99(11):6147-6162. PMID: 33142533
FASEB J

An HMGA2-p62-ERα axis regulates uterine leiomyomas proliferation. [Abstract]

2020 Aug;34(8):10966-10983. PMID: 32592217
FASEB J

Transient inhibition of rDNA transcription in donor cells improves ribosome biogenesis and preimplantation development of embryos derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer. [Abstract]

2020 Jun;34(6):8283-8295. PMID: 32323360
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

Directed elimination of senescent cells attenuates development of osteoarthritis by inhibition of c-IAP and XIAP. [Abstract]

2019 Jun 26;1865(10):2618-2632. PMID: 31251987
J Cell Mol Med

Nicorandil alleviates apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through PI3K/Akt pathway. [Abstract]

2019 Aug;23(8):5349-5359. PMID: 31131539
Transl Oncol

The novel tertiary amine LSD1 inhibitor 596 inhibits endometrial cancer through the mTOR signal transduction pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Apr:66:102688. PMID: 41671780
J Inflamm Res

The mTOR Inhibitor Rapamycin Attenuates Ozone-Induced Airway Inflammation and Emphysema In Mice. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 4:19:545564. PMID: 41884163
J Inflamm (Lond)

RhIL-11 reverses liver damage in septic mice by STAT3-mediated M-MDSCs induction modulated by a parallel mTORC1 signaling branch. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 11;22(1):21. PMID: 40500712
iScience

Erythrabyssin ll is identified as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor reversing chemoresistance and promoting apoptosis in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 6;28(7):112801. PMID: 40881620
J Inflamm Res

From Gene to Intervention: NLRC4 and WIPI1 Regulate Septic Acute Lung Injury Through Autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 12:18:3639-3656. PMID: 40093959
Toxics

Evaluation of THP-1 and Jurkat Cell Lines Coculture for the In Vitro Assessment of the Effects of Immunosuppressive Substances. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 19;12(8):607. PMID: 39195709
Biomed Environ Sci

MicroRNA-451 from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Autophagy via Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway to Attenuate Burn-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 20;37(9):1030-1043. PMID: 39401996
Toxics

Rat Hepatocytes Protect against Lead-Cadmium-Triggered Apoptosis Based on Autophagy Activation. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 12;12(4):285. PMID: 38668508
iScience

A mechanism linking ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in melatonin-related improvement of diabetic brain injury. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 15;27(4):109511. PMID: 38571759
iScience

Whitening of brown adipose tissue inhibits osteogenic differentiation via secretion of S100A8/A9. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 11;27(2):108857. PMID: 38303710
iScience

Autophagy is involved in degradation of AQP1 in response to an acute decrement in tonicity. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 20;26(12):108485. PMID: 38094243
iScience

Calcineurin/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT signaling maintains β-cell identity and function during metabolic and inflammatory stress. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 19;25(4):104125. PMID: 35402865
iScience

L3MBTL2-mediated CGA transcriptional suppression promotes pancreatic cancer progression through modulating autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 13;25(5):104249. PMID: 35521536
iScience

Pleiotropic roles of Ras GTPases in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora identified through multi-omics analyses. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 8;24(8):102820. PMID: 34337364
iScience

Canagliflozin attenuates lipotoxicity in cardiomyocytes and protects diabetic mouse hearts by inhibiting the mTOR/HIF-1α pathway. [Abstract]

2021 May 7;24(6):102521. PMID: 34142035
J Funct Foods

2024 May, 116, 106168.
J Funct Foods

2024 May, 116, 106210.
Eye Vis (Lond)

Inhibition of miR-542-3p augments autophagy to promote diabetic corneal wound healing. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 3;11(1):3. PMID: 38167306
Neurochem Int

M2a macrophages regulate fibrosis and affect the outcome after stroke via PU.1/mTOR pathway in fibroblasts. [Abstract]

2024 Feb:173:105674. PMID: 38184171
Virol Sin

PRRSV degrades MDA5 via dual autophagy receptors P62 and CCT2 to evade antiviral innate immunity. [Abstract]

2024 Apr;39(2):264-276. PMID: 38272236
Virol Sin

miR-204 suppresses porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication via inhibiting LC3B-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;38(5):690-698. PMID: 37454810
J Cell Physiol

Follicular fluid exosomes regulate OVGP1 secretion in yak oviduct epithelial cells via autophagy in vitro. [Abstract]

2023 May;238(5):1020-1035. PMID: 37013674
J Cell Physiol

Identification of key events and regulatory networks in the formation process of primordial germ cell based on proteomics. [Abstract]

2023 Mar;238(3):610-630. PMID: 36745473
Front Mol Biosci

NPC1 Deficiency Contributes to Autophagy-Dependent Ferritinophagy in HEI-OC1 Auditory Cells. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 22:9:952608. PMID: 35936782
J Cell Physiol

TMEM173 protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by modulating autophagy. [Abstract]

2021 Jul;236(7):5176-5192. PMID: 33368294
J Cell Physiol

IFN-γ/mTORC1 decreased Rab11 in Schwann cells of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, inhibiting cell proliferation via GLUT1 downregulation. [Abstract]

2020 Jul;235(7-8):5764-5776. PMID: 31970777
J Biol Chem

The E3 ligase β-TRCP1 earmarks OTUD3 for destruction to fine-tune cGAS activation. [Abstract]

2026 Jun;302(6):111461. PMID: 41999888
Sci Rep

Ginsenoside Rg5 inhibits colorectal cancer, at least partially by blocking the lysosomal degradation of colorectal cancer cells. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 4;16(1):7247. PMID: 41639226
J Biol Chem

Andrographolide targets syndecan4 to impair its interaction with syntenin and inhibits the biogenesis of small extracellular vesicles. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 20:111182. PMID: 41570990
Sci Rep

Functional personalized complex combination nano therapy for osteosarcoma. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 16;15(1):36227. PMID: 41102354
Sci Rep

UBE2S inhibits colorectal cancer proliferation by regulating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways via TRAF6. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 13;15(1):35610. PMID: 41083491
Sci Rep

Rapamycin alleviates hypothalamic injury in exertional heat stroke rats by activating mitophagy through the mTOR/Pink1/Parkin pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 23;15(1):37031. PMID: 41131100
Sci Rep

Engineering IL-10 and rapamycin to bind collagen leads to improved anti fibrotic efficacy in lung and kidney fibrosis. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 17;15(1):13279. PMID: 40246931
Sci Rep

CYB5A promotes osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through autophagy mediated by the AKT/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 17;15(1):13234. PMID: 40246926
Fish Shellfish Immunol

Autophagy dysfunction links palmitic acid with macrophage inflammatory responses in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). [Abstract]

2025 Apr 8:110319. PMID: 40209962
Oral Oncol

Application of patient derived xenograft model in personalized drug screening for chondrosarcoma of head and neck: A preclinical study. [Abstract]

2025 Mar:162:107222. PMID: 39999643
Sci Rep

Steroid hormone receptors, exome sequencing and treatment responsiveness of breast cancer patient-derived xenografts originated in a South American country. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 18;15(1):2415. PMID: 39827242
Oncol Rep

Regulation of pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing KIN17 through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;53(2):31. PMID: 39791213
Sci Rep

Curcumin liposomes alleviate senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating mitophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 28;14(1):31291. PMID: 39732809
Sci Rep

Puerarin pretreatment provides protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting excessive autophagy and apoptosis by modulation of HES1. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 4;15(1):794. PMID: 39755744
Biomedicines

TGM2-Mediated Autophagy Contributes to the Radio-Resistance of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Stem-like Cells. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 30;12(10):2231. PMID: 39457544
J Biol Chem

Overexpression of RBM4 promotes acute myeloid leukemia cell differentiation by regulating alternative splicing of TFEB. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 28:107729. PMID: 39214303
Sci Rep

Genipin promotes the apoptosis and autophagy of neuroblastoma cells by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 30;14(1):20231. PMID: 39215133
Aquaculture

2025 Jan 15.
J Biol Chem

ErbB3 is required for hyperaminoacidemia-induced pancreatic α cell hyperplasia. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 27:107499. PMID: 38944125
J Biol Chem

ACADM inhibits AMPK activation to modulate PEDV-induced lipophagy and β-oxidation for impairing viral replication. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 11:107549. PMID: 39002673
Sci Rep

Rapamycin-encapsulated nanoparticle delivery in polycystic kidney disease mice. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 2;14(1):15140. PMID: 38956234
Sci Rep

Neuroprotective mechanisms of luteolin in glutamate-induced oxidative stress and autophagy-mediated neuronal cell death. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 2;14(1):7707. PMID: 38565590
Sci Rep

The roles of autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis in the anti-ovarian cancer mechanism of harmine and their crosstalk. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 18;14(1):6504. PMID: 38499622
Oncol Rep

Selective degradation of PL2L60 by metabolic stresses‑induced autophagy suppresses multi‑cancer growth. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;51(3):41. PMID: 38624021
Fish Shellfish Immunol

Grass carp Il-2 promotes neutrophil extracellular traps formation via inducing ROS production and autophagy in vitro. [Abstract]

2024 Jan:144:109261. PMID: 38040137
Sci Rep

Scribble deficiency mediates colon inflammation by inhibiting autophagy-dependent oxidative stress elimination. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 26;13(1):18327. PMID: 37884590
J Biol Chem

The FSH-mTOR-CNP signaling axis initiates follicular antrum formation by regulating tight junction, ion pumps, and aquaporins. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;299(8):105015. PMID: 37414146
J Biol Chem

Phosphatases maintain low catalytic activity of SGK1: DNA damage resets the balance in favor of phosphorylation. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;299(8):104941. PMID: 37343701
Biomedicines

PPARα Inhibits Astrocyte Inflammation Activation by Restoring Autophagic Flux after Transient Brain Ischemia. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 21;11(3):973. PMID: 36979952
Biomedicines

Enhancement of TEX264-Mediated ER-Phagy Contributes to the Therapeutic Effect of Glycycoumarin against APA Hepatotoxicity in Mice. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 2;9(8):939. PMID: 34440143
Sci Rep

Eupafolin induces apoptosis and autophagy of breast cancer cells through PI3K/AKT, MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 2;11(1):21478. PMID: 34728712
J Biol Chem

A disorder-related variant (E420K) of a PP2A-regulatory subunit (PPP2R5D) causes constitutively active AKT-mTOR signaling and uncoordinated cell growth. [Abstract]

2021 Jan-Jun:296:100313. PMID: 33482199
Aging

Isoquercitrin induces apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 29;12(23):24318-24332. PMID: 33260158
Aging

Cardamonin induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis through inhibition of NF-κB and mTOR pathways in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 25;12(24):25730-25743. PMID: 33234722
Aging (Albany NY)

The positive feedback between ACSL4 expression and O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the growth and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2020 May 1;12(9):7786-7800. PMID: 32357142
Sci Rep

Vitamin K2 promotes PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis that leads to AMPK-dependent autophagic cell death in bladder cancer cells. [Abstract]

2020 May 7;10(1):7714. PMID: 32382009
Aging (Albany NY)

Inhibiting Forkhead box K1 induces autophagy to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in gastric cancer by regulating Myc-associated zinc finger protein in an acidic microenvironment. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 8;12(7):6129-6150. PMID: 32268297
Sci Rep

Sodium Selenate Ameliorates Cardiac Injury Developed from High-Fat Diet in Mice through Regulation of Autophagy Activity. [Abstract]

2019 Dec 10;9(1):18752. PMID: 31822702
Aging (Albany NY)

The interaction between STAT3 and nAChRα1 interferes with nicotine-induced atherosclerosis via Akt/mTOR signaling cascade. [Abstract]

2019 Oct 14;11(19):8120-8138. PMID: 31612866
Sci Rep

Suppression of Akt-mTOR pathway rescued the social behavior in Cntnap2-deficient mice. [Abstract]

2019 Feb 28;9(1):3041. PMID: 30816216
Sci Rep

Celecoxib alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by restoring autophagic flux. [Abstract]

2018 Mar 7;8(1):4108. PMID: 29515134

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 7;8(1):4108. [Abstract]

L02 cells exposed to PA (200 μM) with different concentrations of Rapamycin (Rapa) for 24 h. PA induced higher protein expression of LC3 II/I and p62 compared with control as indicated by western blot. Rapamycin combined with PA treatment induced higher LC3 II/I protein levels and lower p62 protein levels compared with PA treatment.
Sci Rep

Krüppel-like factor 6 is a transcriptional activator of autophagy in acute liver injury. [Abstract]

2017 Aug 14;7(1):8119. PMID: 28808340
Sci Rep

Fluoxetine regulates mTOR signalling in a region-dependent manner in depression-like mice. [Abstract]

2015 Nov 2;5:16024. PMID: 26522512
Neurochem Res

Loss-of-Function (G603R) Lrp10 Fails to Downregulate mRNA of Pathologic α-Synuclein and Causes Neurodegeneration of Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Cells in Parkinson's Disease Knockin Mice. [Abstract]

2026 May 20;51(3):162. PMID: 42159631
Neurochem Res

MARCH6 Confers Protection Against Endoplasmic Reticulum Autophagy in Gliomas by Destabilizing FAM134B. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 9;51(1):71. PMID: 41661358
J Virol

SUMOylation-dependent degradation of nucleocapsid is responsible for Pestivirus uncoating. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 25:e0164825. PMID: 41288382
Biochem Eng J

2025 Aug 26.
Neurochem Res

miR-210 Regulates Autophagy Through the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway, Reduces Neuronal Cell Death and Inflammatory Responses, and Enhances Functional Recovery Following Cerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 5;50(3):180. PMID: 40471451
J Virol

Syntaxin-6 restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection by facilitating virus trafficking to autophagosomes. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 25:e0000225. PMID: 40277356
Virol J

Usutu virus NS4A induces autophagy and is targeted by the selective autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 for degradation. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 17;22(1):103. PMID: 40247289
ACS Infect Dis

Treponema pallidum Flagellin FlaB3 Activates Inflammation and Inhibits Autophagy in HMC3 Cells via the TLR4 Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 14;11(3):773-783. PMID: 40036177
J Virol

Tripartite motif 25 inhibits protein aggregate degradation during PRRSV infection by suppressing p62-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 31:e0143724. PMID: 39480084
J Virol

SARS-CoV-2 NSP6 reduces autophagosome size and affects viral replication via sigma-1 receptor. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 19;98(11):e0075424. PMID: 39445785
ACS Infect Dis

Pec 1 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Inhibits Bacterial Clearance of Host by Blocking Autophagy in Macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 9;10(8):2741-2754. PMID: 39047963
PNAS Nexus

Type I interferon promotes the fate of Toll-like receptor 9-stimulated follicular B cells to plasma cell differentiation. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 17;3(4):pgae152. PMID: 38659975
J Virol

PSMB4 Degrades the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nsp1α Protein via the Autolysosome Pathway and Induces the Production of Type I Interferon. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 27;97(4):e0026423. PMID: 36943051
Microbiol Spectr

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus nsp5 Induces Incomplete Autophagy by Impairing the Interaction of STX17 and SNAP29. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 23;11(2):e0438622. PMID: 36815765
Neurochem Res

Kaemperfol Protects Dopaminergic Neurons by Promoting mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease Models. [Abstract]

2023 May;48(5):1395-1411. PMID: 36469163
J Virol

FUBP3 Degrades the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Nucleocapsid Protein and Induces the Production of Type I Interferon. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 13;96(13):e0061822. PMID: 35695513
J Virol

TARDBP Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication through Degrading Viral Nucleocapsid Protein and Activating Type I Interferon Signaling. [Abstract]

2022 May 25;96(10):e0007022. PMID: 35499322
Neurochem Res

Omp31 of Brucella Inhibits NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathway by Inducing Autophagy in BV-2 Microglia. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;46(12):3264-3272. PMID: 34536195
J Virol

Inhibition of Autophagy Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Ameliorates Pneumonia in hACE2 Transgenic Mice and Xenografted Human Lung Tissues. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 23;95(24):e0153721. PMID: 34550769
Cell Signal

Exosomal miRNA let-7i-5p alleviates asthma triggered by RSV-induced exosomes by regulating dendritic cell autophagy via the MITF/DAP1/P70S6K pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jul:143:112491. PMID: 41839285
PLoS Genet

Genetic dissection of signalling pathways that mediate iron-related tumor growth in a Drosophila model. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 13;22(2):e1012017. PMID: 41686790
Metabolites

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Isoverbascoside Alleviate Oxidative Damage INS-1 and MIN6 β-Cells by Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting Apoptosis. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 6;16(1):48. PMID: 41590656
Cell Signal

CAFs-EVs-miR-6765-3p promotes malignant progression of colorectal cancer by regulating aerobic glycolysis mediated by the GNG7/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 4:139:112297. PMID: 41352746
Aquac Rep

2025 Oct 15.
Aquac Rep

2025 Sep 15.
Cell Signal

RLIG1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer proliferation by activating mTORC1 signal pathway by interacting with ERK. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 27:111969. PMID: 40582436
J Photochem Photobiol B

Collagen type III resists UVB induced photoaging of HaCaT cells by regulating mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 10:267:113153. PMID: 40311247
Cell Signal

Biliverdin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the P4hb/MAPK/mTOR pathway to inhibit autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 19:111815. PMID: 40258578
Cell Signal

LAMP3 exacerbates autophagy-mediated neuronal damage through NF-kB in microglia. [Abstract]

2025 May:129:111658. PMID: 39954716
Cardiovasc Toxicol

Famciclovir Ameliorates Platelet Activation and Thrombosis by AhR-Regulated Autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;25(3):486-497. PMID: 39928275
Brain Res Bull

Electroacupuncture combined with trigonelline inhibits pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by suppressing autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 7:111200. PMID: 39788460
Mol Cell Biochem

Protective effect of astragaloside IV against zinc oxide nanoparticles induced human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell death: a focus on mitochondrial quality control. [Abstract]

2025 May;480(5):3079-3095. PMID: 39630360
Mol Cell Biochem

Cytoglobin augments ferroptosis through autophagic degradation of ferritin in colorectal cancer cells. [Abstract]

2025 May;480(5):2881-2892. PMID: 39503803
Food Sci Anim Resour

The L-Ascorbic Acid Increases Proliferation and Differentiation of Yanbian Cattle Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Activating the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;45(2):484-503. PMID: 40093636
Cell Signal

Mycobacterium manipulate glutaminase 1 mediated glutaminolysis to regulate macrophage autophagy for bacteria intracellular survival. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 20:111422. PMID: 39307377
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Agonist SB4 (BMPSB4) Inhibits Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors by Activation of Autophagy via a BMP4/SMADs-Dependent Pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 24;7(7):1951-1970. PMID: 39022361
Cell Signal

Transient stimulation of TRPMLs enhance the functionality of hDPCs and facilitate hair growth in mice. [Abstract]

2024 Jul:119:111167. PMID: 38604341
Mol Cell Biochem

Inhibition of STIM1 alleviates high glucose-induced proliferation and fibrosis by inducing autophagy in mesangial cells. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;479(9):2365-2379. PMID: 37736800
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res

Sirt3 activates autophagy to prevent DOX-induced senescence by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in A549 cells. [Abstract]

2023 Feb;1870(2):119411. PMID: 36521686
Mol Cell Biochem

Luteoloside pretreatment attenuates anoxia-induced damage in cardiomyocytes by regulating autophagy mediated by 14-3-3η and the AMPKα-mTOR/ULK1 pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;478(7):1475-1486. PMID: 36385689
Reproduction

Acbp is essential for decidualization during early pregnancy in mice. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 29;163(5):309-321. PMID: 35275842
Cell Signal

Interplay between autophagy and Sindbis virus in cells derived from key arbovirus vectors, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. [Abstract]

2022 Feb:90:110204. PMID: 34826589
Exp Mol Pathol

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 1 enhances oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion injury in cortical neurons via activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2020 Dec;117:104525. PMID: 32888957
J Diabetes

Inhibition of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) attenuates podocyte apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating autophagy flux. [Abstract]

2019 Oct;11(10):826-836. PMID: 30864227
Neurobiol Stress

USP11 drives stress-induced synaptic structural deficits and depression-like behaviors through GSK3β/mTOR signaling. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 9:42:100791. PMID: 41889422
J Proteome Res

Quantitative Proteomics Unveils the Synergistic Effects of Combination Drugs on Cytoskeleton Composition and Autophagy-Mediated Cell Death in Neuroblastoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 4;24(7):3578-3596. PMID: 40526398
Bone

Dynamic control of mTORC1 facilitates bone healing in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Jan:190:117285. PMID: 39426581
Development

Axin1 regulates tooth root development by inhibiting AKT1-mTORC1 activation and Shh translation in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 1;151(21):dev202899. PMID: 39344774
Heliyon

Leptin protects chondrocytes by inhibiting autophagy via phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 6;10(15):e35665. PMID: 39170379
Heliyon

The neuroprotection of controlled decompression after traumatic epidural intracranial hypertension through suppression of autophagy via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 19;10(1):e23753. PMID: 38226265
Biol Trace Elem Res

Selenomethionine Inhibits NF-κB-mediated Inflammatory Responses of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae by Increasing Autophagic Flux. [Abstract]

2024 Apr;202(4):1568-1581. PMID: 37407885
Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre

2023 May 19, 100358.
Stem Cells

Autophagy is essential for neural stem cell proliferation promoted by hypoxia. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 30;41(1):77-92. PMID: 36208284
Bone

mTORC1 coordinates NF-κB signaling pathway to promote chondrogenic differentiation of tendon cells in heterotopic ossification. [Abstract]

2022 Oct:163:116507. PMID: 35908648
Mol Cell Endocrinol

Leukemia inhibitory factor prevents chicken follicular atresia through PI3K/AKT and Stat3 signaling pathways. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 1:543:111550. PMID: 34990741
Bone

Suppressing phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases Cγ1 promotes mineralization of osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts via increasing autophagy, thereby ameliorating articular cartilage degeneration. [Abstract]

2022 Jan:154:116262. PMID: 34813965
Bone

Magnesium supplementation enhances mTOR signalling to facilitate myogenic differentiation and improve aged muscle performance. [Abstract]

2021 May:146:115886. PMID: 33592327
Development

Insulin/IGF signaling and TORC1 promote vitellogenesis via inducing juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the American cockroach. [Abstract]

2020 Oct 23;147(20):dev188805. PMID: 33097549
Bone

Myelination during fracture healing in vivo in myelin protein zero (p0) transgenic medaka line. [Abstract]

2020 Apr:133:115225. PMID: 31923703
J Cell Sci

FKBP12 mediates necroptosis by initiating RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL signal transduction in response to TNF receptor 1 ligation. [Abstract]

2019 May 20;132(10):jcs227777. PMID: 31028177
Development

Modeling human somite development and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva with induced pluripotent stem cells. [Abstract]

2018 Aug 23;145(16). pii: dev165431. PMID: 30139810
Microb Pathog

mTORC2-dependent autophagy inhibition regulates the replication of HSV-1 and adenovirus in viral keratitis & conjunctivitis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr:213:108349. PMID: 41628839
Mol Med Rep

Role and mechanism of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures in the repair of urethral injury in rats. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;33(4):105. PMID: 41645752
Meat and Muscle Biology

2026.
Viruses

Quercetin Regulates Autophagy to Inhibit PRRSV Replication Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 17;17(12):1637. PMID: 41472306
Exp Cell Res

JPH203 alleviates renal fibrosis via inhibition of serine-related mTORC1 pathway in TGF-β1-induced fibroblasts and UUO mice. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 1;452(1):114732. PMID: 40915341
Clin Exp Med

SPOP-dependent destabilization of SYT12 in a GSK-3β-dependent manner in papillary thyroid cancer cells. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 10;25(1):243. PMID: 40640517
Food Chem Toxicol

Osthole inhibits proliferation and induces autophagy-dependent ferroptosis of cervical cancer cells through induction of TFR1. [Abstract]

2025 May 28:115577. PMID: 40446951
Vet Res

Foot-and-mouth disease virus activates glycolysis and hijacks HK2 to inhibit innate immunity and promote viral replication. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 1;56(1):71. PMID: 40170113
Mol Med Rep

Semaglutide enhances PINK1/Parkin‑dependent mitophagy in hypoxia/reoxygenation‑induced cardiomyocyte injury. [Abstract]

2025 May;31(5):111. PMID: 40017118
Exp Cell Res

The reduction of imidazole propionate induced by intermittent fasting promotes recovery of peripheral nerve injury by enhancing migration of Schwann cells. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 18:114261. PMID: 39303838
Food Chem Toxicol

Polystyrene microplastics facilitate renal fibrosis through accelerating tubular epithelial cell senescence. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 23:114888. PMID: 39053876
Microb Pathog

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) triggers autophagy to enhance viral replication by activating the VPS34 complex. [Abstract]

2024 May:190:106638. PMID: 38574829
Viruses

Autophagy Deregulation in HIV-1-Infected Cells Increases Extracellular Vesicle Release and Contributes to TLR3 Activation. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 20;16(4):643. PMID: 38675983
Vet Res

Non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) inhibits innate immune responses via induction of mitophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 5;55(1):27. PMID: 38443986
Mol Med Rep

miRNA‑21 promotes the progression of acute liver failure via the KLF6/autophagy/IL‑23 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 May;29(5):80. PMID: 38516774
Exp Cell Res

Upregulated Tβ4 expression in inflammatory bowel disease impairs the intestinal mucus barrier by inhibiting autophagy in mice. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 1;434(1):113871. PMID: 38049080
Exp Cell Res

Rapamycin promotes hematoma resorption and enhances endothelial cell function by suppressing the mTOR/STAT3 signaling in chronic subdural hematoma. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 15;433(2):113829. PMID: 37879548
Mol Med Rep

Iron oxide nanoparticles induce ferroptosis via the autophagic pathway by synergistic bundling with paclitaxel. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;28(4):198. PMID: 37681444
Viruses

Nucleocapsid Protein (N) of Peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) Interacts with Cellular Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) Complex-I and Induces Autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 24;15(9):1805. PMID: 37766213
Exp Cell Res

Lower dose of metformin combined with artesunate induced autophagy-dependent apoptosis of glioblastoma by activating ROS-AMPK-mTOR axis. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 1;430(1):113691. PMID: 37399981
Food Chem Toxicol

Excessive ER-phagy contributes to ochratoxin A-induced apoptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:176:113793. PMID: 37080527
Vet Res

Nonstructural proteins 2B and 4A of Tembusu virus induce complete autophagy to promote viral multiplication in vitro. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 14;54(1):23. PMID: 36918952
Food Chem Toxicol

Polystyrene nanoplastics inhibit StAR expression by activating HIF-1α via ERK1/2 MAPK and AKT pathways in TM3 Leydig cells and testicular tissues of mice. [Abstract]

2023 Mar:173:113634. PMID: 36709824
Med Oncol

FAT4 activation inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by promoting autophagy in H2228/Cer cells. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 28;40(1):64. PMID: 36576661
Food Chem Toxicol

Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes the necroptosis of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of acrylamide-exposed rats. [Abstract]

2023 Jan:171:113522. PMID: 36417989
Food Chem Toxicol

Effect of propiconazole on neutrophil extracellular traps formation: Assessing the role of autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Oct:168:113354. PMID: 35952824
Exp Cell Res

Interleukin 10 inhibits oxidative stress-induced autophagosome formation in hepatic stellate cells by activating the mTOR-STAT3 pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 15;411(2):113001. PMID: 34973945
Front Med

NFIL3 Facilitates Neutrophil Autophagy, Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Inflammation During Gout via REDD1-Dependent mTOR Inactivation. [Abstract]

2021 Sep 30;8:692781. PMID: 34660620
Viruses

Autophagy Delays Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by Siniperca chuatsi Rhabdovirus in Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprinid Cells. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 6;13(8):1554. PMID: 34452418
Exp Cell Res

Reducing lipofuscin accumulation and cardiomyocytic senescence of aging heart by enhancing autophagy. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 1;403(1):112585. PMID: 33811905
Viruses

Low-Level Ionizing Radiation Induces Selective Killing of HIV-1-Infected Cells with Reversal of Cytokine Induction Using mTOR Inhibitors. [Abstract]

2020 Aug 13;12(8):885. PMID: 32823598
Mol Med Rep

Wild‑type IDH1 affects cell migration by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in primary glioblastoma cells. [Abstract]

2020 Sep;22(3):1949-1957. PMID: 32705169
Exp Cell Res

Network-based analysis with primary cells reveals drug response landscape of acute myeloid leukemia. [Abstract]

2020 Aug 1;393(1):112054. PMID: 32376287
Mol Med Rep

Prevention of renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by penehyclidine hydrochloride through autophagy activation. [Abstract]

2020 May;21(5):2182-2192. PMID: 32186764
Food Chem Toxicol

The imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells induced by perinatal bisphenol A exposure is associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in male offspring mice. [Abstract]

2020 Mar;137:111177. PMID: 32028014
Mol Med Rep

Salidroside protects SH‑SY5Y from pathogenic α‑synuclein by promoting cell autophagy via mediation of mTOR/p70S6K signaling. [Abstract]

2019 Jul;20(1):529-538. PMID: 31180515
J Invest Surg

Rapamycin Inhibits Nf-ΚB Activation by Autophagy to Reduce Catabolism in Human Chondrocytes. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;33(9):861-873. PMID: 30945580
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol

Melanocyte proliferation gene 1 regulated metabolic reprogramming in acute myocardial infarction based on the AMPK/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 14:511:117797. PMID: 41833858
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol

Activated autophagy drives the adaptive response to LPS-evoked lung pyroptosis in adolescent mice. [Abstract]

2026 Jan:506:117650. PMID: 41285320
Eur J Med Res

Long non-coding RNA NORAD serves as a promoter of oncogenesis and inhibits ferroptosis via miR-144-3p-mTOR-ferritinophagy axis in cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 4;30(1):704. PMID: 40760677
Andrology

Ubiquitin-mediated immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 degradation promotes autophagy and sperm capacitation in vitro. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 2. PMID: 40600667
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol

Cadmium-induced apoptosis of granulosa cells is mediated by excessive activation of mitophagy and ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:503:117462. PMID: 40653115
J Immunol

Fish requires FasL to facilitate CD8+ T-cell function and antimicrobial immunity. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 1;214(6):1219-1235. PMID: 40073091
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol

Cepharanthine inhibits the proliferation of glioblastoma cells by blocking the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 3:117141. PMID: 39500397
Arch Med Res

LZTS3/TAGLN Suppresses Cancer Progression in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Through Regulating Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Actin Cytoskeleton. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 6;54(7):102894. PMID: 37806182
BMC Complement Med Ther

Astragalus polysaccharide restores insulin secretion impaired by lipopolysaccharides through the protein kinase B /mammalian target of rapamycin/glucose transporter 2 pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 10;23(1):358. PMID: 37817130
PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages. [Abstract]

2023 May 4;17(5):e0011281. PMID: 37141335
J Immunol

IL-2 Signaling Couples the MAPK and mTORC1 Axes to Promote T Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Teleosts. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 1;208(7):1616-1631. PMID: 35321881
PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Effects of Trichinella spiralis and its excretory/secretory products on autophagy of host muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 18;15(2):e0009040. PMID: 33600403
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin

RTN1-C mediates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating autophagy. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 4;53(2):170-178. PMID: 33372676
Bosn J Basic Med Sci

Stomach-specific c-Myc overexpression drives gastric adenoma in mice through AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 1;21(4):434-446. PMID: 33259779
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide inhibits apoptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy axis and improves myocardial reconstruction after acute myocardial infarction. [Abstract]

2020 Dec 29;52(12):1325-1336. PMID: 33210714
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol

MS-275 combined with cisplatin exerts synergistic antitumor effects in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2020 May 15:395:114971. PMID: 32217144
Vaccines

Autophagy Promotes Duck Tembusu Virus Replication by Suppressing p62/SQSTM1-Mediated Innate Immune Responses In Vitro. [Abstract]

2020 Jan 13;8(1):22. PMID: 31941042
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)

Differential effects of rapamycin on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with different virulence and differential expression of autophagy genes under stresses in nematodes. [Abstract]

2019 Mar 1;51(3):254-262. PMID: 30668628
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)

Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits apoptosis by increasing autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling in serum deprivation macrophages. [Abstract]

2018 Feb 1;50(2):144-155. PMID: 29324976

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2018 Feb 1;50(2):144-155. [Abstract]

Raw264.7 macrophages treated without or with Rapamycin (1 μΜ) or Chloroquine (20 μΜ) for 48 h. Western blot shows the protein expression levels of Atg5, Beclin1, LC3, and p62/SQSMT1.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol

Low-dose galactose rebalances HBP-mTORC1-SREBP-1c signaling to suppress hepatic lipogenesis and protect against early-stage alcohol-related liver disease. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 1;330(2):G170-G188. PMID: 41528029
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol

Plant green pigment of chlorophyllin attenuates inflammatory bowel diseases by suppressing autophagy activation in mice. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 1;323(2):G102-G113. PMID: 35638642
Psychopharmacology (Berl)

Dopamine D1 receptors mediate methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic damage: involvement of autophagy regulation via the AMPK/FOXO3A pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Mar;239(3):951-964. PMID: 35190859
Analyst

Simultaneously monitoring endogenous MAPK members in single living cells by multi-channel fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 26;146(8):2581-2590. PMID: 33899064
Front Oncol

NRBP2 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 18:11:634026. PMID: 33816275
Neurotox Res

Duloxetine-Induced Neural Cell Death and Promoted Neurite Outgrowth in N2a Cells. [Abstract]

2020 Dec;38(4):859-870. PMID: 32415528
Neurotox Res

Mn-Induced Neurocytes Injury and Autophagy Dysfunction in Alpha-Synuclein Wild-Type and Knock-Out Mice: Highlighting the Role of Alpha-Synuclein. [Abstract]

2019 Jul;36(1):66-80. PMID: 30796692
J Pharm Pharmacol

Oleanolic acid ameliorates podocyte injury by increasing autophagy to attenuate diabetic nephropathy. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 5;78(3):rgag014. PMID: 41790500
Pathol Res Pract

Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes glycolysis in endometrial cancer via activating mTOR and β-catenin. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:279:156364. PMID: 41564687
J Cancer

SREBP1-SCD1 enhanced MUFAs Biosynthesis drives Nutrient Deprived Pancreatic cancer cell Ferroptosis Resistance. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 8;16(13):3960-3971. PMID: 41049011
Pathol Res Pract

YY1-VDR axis-mediated autophagy slows the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 3:275:156185. PMID: 40939355
Cell Transplant

HIF-1α-Induced Mitophagy Regulates the Regenerative Outcomes of Stem Cells in Fat Transplantation. [Abstract]

2023 Jan-Dec:32:9636897231210750. PMID: 38009534
Skin Res Technol

Autophagy gene Atg7 regulates the development of radiation-induced skin injury and fibrosis of skin. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;29(6):e13337. PMID: 37357660
Front Neurosci

Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate Binding to P2Y1 Receptors Prevents Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity: Involvement of Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway to Suppress Autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 7;16:901688. PMID: 35747207
Environ Toxicol

SIRT1/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy dysregulation promotes Pb-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. [Abstract]

2022 Mar;37(3):549-563. PMID: 34842334
Pathol Res Pract

Small activating RNA-activated NIS gene promotes 131I uptake and inhibits thyroid cancer via AMPK/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Jan:229:153735. PMID: 34922208
J Neurol Sci

Rapamycin regulates cholesterol biosynthesis and cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins in hippocampus and temporal lobe of APP/PS1 mouse. [Abstract]

2019 Apr 15:399:125-139. PMID: 30798110
J Cancer

Promotion of Cell Proliferation through Inhibition of Cell Autophagy Signalling Pathway by Rab3IP is Restrained by MicroRNA-532-3p in Gastric Cancer. [Abstract]

2018 Oct 22;9(23):4363-4373. PMID: 30519341
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

Vps16 Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury by Interacting with UVRAG and Activating Rab7. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 19. PMID: 41854796
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)

COL11A1 Inhibits Ferroptosis in Pancreatic Cancer by Regulating AKT/Beclin 1 Dependent Autophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 19;31(3):49200. PMID: 41914287
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol

Przewaquinone A regulates cell cycle and autophagy through the SrC/STAT3 signaling pathway to inhibit colorectal cancer progression. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 31. PMID: 41617994
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol

Morusin attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via dual activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and mTORC1-dependent GPX4 synthesis. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 15. PMID: 41538060
Cancer Med

Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Upregulates SREBP2 to Modulate Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jun;14(11):e70916. PMID: 40476478
J Pharm Biomed Anal

Study on the mechanism of action of Penehyclidine hydrochloride on LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating autophagy through the mTOR/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 27:263:116938. PMID: 40306137
mSphere

Effect of urolithin A on intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by regulating AKT-FOXO1-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 10:e0006125. PMID: 40207917
Eur Cell Mater

2025 Feb 20;49:55-70.
Hum Cell

Autophagy activation ameliorates the fibrosis of trabecular meshwork cells induced by TGFβ2 through the promotion of fibrotic proteins degradation. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 22;38(1):4. PMID: 39436499
Exp Dermatol

Q-switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser restores skin photoageing by activating autophagy by TGFβ1 and ITGB1. [Abstract]

2024 Jan;33(1):e15006. PMID: 38284200
PPAR Res

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Sheep Trophoblast Cells through mTOR Pathway-Mediated Autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 8:2023:6422804. PMID: 38020065
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis

PIF1 Promotes Autophagy to Inhibit Chronic Hypoxia Induced Apoptosis of Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 26:18:1319-1332. PMID: 37396201
Hum Cell

Multi-omics data integration reveals the molecular network of dysregulation IQGAP2-mTOR promotes cell proliferation. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;36(4):1429-1440. PMID: 37154877
Funct Integr Genomics

Liensinine ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury by inhibiting autophagy via PI3K/AKT signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 28;23(2):140. PMID: 37118322
Am J Hypertens

AT2 Receptor Stimulation Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence Induced by Angiotensin II and Hyperglycemia. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 3;35(10):884-891. PMID: 35793143
Hum Cell

Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells attenuate myocardial fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro via autophagy activation: the key role of miR-199a-3p/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2022 May;35(3):817-835. PMID: 35190954
Kaohsiung J Med Sci

MicroRNA-379-5p targets MAP3K2 to reduce autophagy and alleviate neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia via the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Mar;38(3):230-243. PMID: 34931755
Cell Biol Int

GPR39 promotes cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway and protein synthesis. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;45(6):1211-1219. PMID: 33554444
Cancer Med

RAPTOR promotes colorectal cancer proliferation by inducing mTORC1 and upregulating ribosome assembly factor URB1. [Abstract]

2020 Feb;9(4):1529-1543. PMID: 31886628
Cell Biol Int

Insulin secretion impairment induced by rosuvastatin partly though autophagy in INS-1E cells. [Abstract]

2020 Jan;44(1):127-136. PMID: 31342626
Biol Reprod

In vitro and in vivo treatment with propranolol influences the number of early preantral follicles in mice†. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 28:ioag024. PMID: 41603549
Forensic Toxicol

Treatment with rapamycin prevents induction and expression of locomotor sensitization to synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 27. PMID: 41307854
Arch Biochem Biophys

SPP1-mediated crosstalk between macrophage and fibroblasts promotes benign airway stenosis. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 26:110627. PMID: 41015147
J Diabetes Investig

FOSL2 activates TGF-β1-mediated GLUT1/mTOR signaling to promote diabetic kidney disease. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;16(2):187-203. PMID: 39569837
Arch Biochem Biophys

FYCO1 regulates autophagy and senescence via PAK1/p21 in cataract. [Abstract]

2024 Nov:761:110180. PMID: 39395618
Curr Issues Mol Biol

Modulation of Autophagy-Lysosome Axis by African Swine Fever Virus and Its Encoded Protein pEP153R. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 7;46(10):11236-11254. PMID: 39451547
Mol Cell Probes

A dual-labeling molecule for efficient drug discovery of mitochondrial-lysosomal interactions. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 5:76:101968. PMID: 38960210
Part Part Syst Charact

2024 Jun 12.
Ren Fail

TXNIP deficiency attenuates renal fibrosis by modulating mTORC1/TFEB-mediated autophagy in diabetic kidney disease. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;46(1):2338933. PMID: 38616177
Transbound Emerg Dis

Gossypol Affects Viral Replication by Inhibiting Pseudorabies Virus Adsorption. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 11:2023:9073566. PMID: 40303819
Arch Biochem Biophys

Handelin protects human skin keratinocytes against ultraviolet B-induced photodamage via autophagy activation by regulating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 15:743:109646. PMID: 37225010
Bioorg Med Chem

A novel selective estrogen receptor degrader induces cell cycle arrest in breast cancer via ERα degradation and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 15:82:117235. PMID: 36905762
Mol Immunol

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is probably due to the excessive production of mitochondrial ROS caused by the activation of 5-HT degradation system mediated by PAF receptor. [Abstract]

2023 Mar:155:27-43. PMID: 36682136
Mol Immunol

The role of neuroplastin65 in macrophage against E. coli infection in mice. [Abstract]

2022 Oct:150:78-89. PMID: 36007354
FEBS Lett

Autophagic degradation of claudin-5 mediated by its binding to a Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin fragment modulates endothelial barrier permeability. [Abstract]

2022 Apr;596(7):924-937. PMID: 35156707
Mol Immunol

Activation of TLR4 induces severe acute pancreatitis-associated spleen injury via ROS-disrupted mitophagy pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Feb:142:63-75. PMID: 34965485
Mol Immunol

Hydrogen sulfide attenuates ferroptosis and stimulates autophagy by blocking mTOR signaling in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. [Abstract]

2022 Jan:141:318-327. PMID: 34952420
J Bacteriol

NOD2/c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Triggers Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae-Induced Macrophage Autophagy. [Abstract]

2020 Sep 23;202(20):e00689-19. PMID: 32778560
Arch Biochem Biophys

Osteocytes promote osteoclastogenesis via autophagy-mediated RANKL secretion under mechanical compressive force. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 15;694:108594. PMID: 32979390
Mol Immunol

mTORC1 signaling pathway regulates macrophages in choroidal neovascularization. [Abstract]

2020 May;121:72-80. PMID: 32172027
FEBS Lett

TOR kinase activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is modulated by cellular metabolic states. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;594(19):3122-3141. PMID: 32677084
Toxicol Lett

Maternal dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate exposure accelerates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells senescence to induce skeletal retardation in male offspring mice. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:417:111843. PMID: 41617061
J Anim Sci

Cortisol promotes placental glucose and amino acids transport by activating the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 4:103:skaf374. PMID: 41317375
Discov Oncol

Lysionotin promoted apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inducing autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 May 16;16(1):788. PMID: 40377756
J Reprod Immunol

LncRNA-THBS4 affects granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis in diminished ovarian reserve by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 21:167:104419. PMID: 39732055
J Pharmacol Sci

Cinnamaldehyde protects SH-SY5Y cells against advanced glycation end-products induced ectopic cell cycle re-entry. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;156(1):1-8. PMID: 39068030
Carcinogenesis

TCL1A acts as a tumour suppressor by modulating gastric cancer autophagy via miR-181a-5p-TCL1A-Akt/mTOR-c-MYC loop. [Abstract]

2023 May 15;44(1):29-37. PMID: 36317339
Am J Cancer Res

δ-Catenin promotes cell migration and invasion via Bcl-2-regulated suppression of autophagy in prostate cancer cells. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 15;12(1):108-122. PMID: 35141007
J Anim Sci

Rapamycin administration during an acute heat stress challenge in growing pigs. [Abstract]

2021 May 1;99(5):skab145. PMID: 33950189
J Pharmacol Sci

Emodin-induced autophagic cell death hinders epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulation of BMP-7/TGF-β1 in renal fibrosis. [Abstract]

2021 Aug;146(4):216-225. PMID: 34116735
Cell Tissue Res

Leucine attenuates muscle atrophy and autophagosome formation by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in rotator cuff tears. [Abstract]

2019 Oct;378(1):113-125. PMID: 31020406
J Cell Biochem

SPI1 Regulates Autophagy by Promoting ATG7 Transcription to Enhance Ferroptosis in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;126(12):e70078. PMID: 41363097
Int J Biochem Cell Biol

The role of autophagy in intervertebral disc degeneration and the regulation mechanism of AP-2α on autophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Jan:190:106876. PMID: 41176025
Mol Biol Rep

Naringin mitigates liver damage in a tissue-engineered liver of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease model by promoting autophagy via the mTOR-ULK1 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 9;52(1):1000. PMID: 41066001
J Biochem Mol Toxicol

Regulation of Autophagy by Tetramethylpyrazine Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway to Treat Pulmonary Thromboembolism. [Abstract]

2025 Nov;39(11):e70567. PMID: 41121949
Clin Transl Sci

Inhibition of Tacrolimus Metabolism by Cannabidiol and Its Metabolites In Vitro. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;18(2):e70152. PMID: 39921332
Int J Biochem Cell Biol

Tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 8-like-2 controls microglia phenotype via metabolic reprogramming in BV2 microglial cells and responses to neuropathic pain. [Abstract]

2024 Apr:169:106541. PMID: 38309648
Neuroscience

Rapamycin exerts an antidepressant effect and enhances myelination in the prefrontal cortex of chronic restraint stress mice. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 15:535:99-107. PMID: 37926147
Mol Biol Rep

Mechanisms of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the reversal of platinum resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by naringin. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;50(8):6457-6468. PMID: 37326754
J Mar Sci Eng

2023 Jun 14, 11(6), 1225.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

Apatinib combined with olaparib induces ferroptosis via a p53-dependent manner in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Sep;149(11):8681-8689. PMID: 37120435
Mol Biol Rep

Cholesterol inhibits autophagy in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Oct;49(10):9217-9229. PMID: 35881223
Genes (Basel)

Evaluation of Reference Genes for Transcriptional Profiling in Two Cockroach Models. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 25;12(12):1880. PMID: 34946836
Aesthetic Plast Surg

Rapamycin and 3-Methyladenine Influence the Apoptosis, Senescence, and Adipogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Promoting and Inhibiting Autophagy: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;45(3):1294-1309. PMID: 33427891
Oncotargets Ther

Synergistic Effect of 3-Bromopyruvate in Combination with Rapamycin Impacted Neuroblastoma Metabolism by Inhibiting Autophagy. [Abstract]

2020 Oct 29;13:11125-11137. PMID: 33149623
Mol Biol Rep

Dexmedetomidine alleviates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity via mitophagy signaling. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;47(10):7893-7901. PMID: 33044702
Innate Immun

Autophagy plays a protective role during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced apoptosis via ROS-MAPK pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;26(7):580-591. PMID: 32878509
Front Neurol

Ethionine Suppresses Mitochondria Autophagy and Induces Apoptosis via Activation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neural Tube Defects. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 7;11:242. PMID: 32318018
Neuroscience

Autophagy is Required for Remodeling in Postnatal Developing Ribbon Synapses of Cochlear Inner Hair Cells. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 1;431:1-16. PMID: 32032574
J Appl Toxicol

The glycolytic shift was involved in CdTe/ZnS quantum dots inducing microglial activation mediated through the mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Mar;40(3):388-402. PMID: 31802521
Neuroscience

Alterations in the BDNF-mTOR Signaling Pathway in the Spinal Cord Contribute to Hyperalgesia in a Rodent Model of Chronic Restraint Stress. [Abstract]

2019 Jun 15:409:142-151. PMID: 30940563
Vet Microbiol

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp2 protects viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from autophagic degradation. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110993. PMID: 41861694
Vet Microbiol

L-2-aminoadipic acid inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting and reducing cellular autophagy. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110967. PMID: 41793871
Anal Cell Pathol

PYCR1 Downregulation Induces Autophagy Dependent Apoptosis Through Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. [Abstract]

2026;2026(1):e3662809. PMID: 41810929
Cartilage

Leucine Attenuates Osteoarthritis via mTORC1/LXRα-Mediated Macrophage Reprogramming and Rspo2/β-Catenin Axis Suppression. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 7:19476035251389178. PMID: 41200799
Microvasc Res

Intermittent heat stress facilitates the autophagy and apoptosis of the vascular endothelium in spontaneously hypertensive rats via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Nov:162:104857. PMID: 40784609
Anal Cell Pathol

Shikonin Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer EC9706 Cells by Regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK Axis. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 29:2024:7752299. PMID: 39502521
Vet Microbiol

Mycoplasma bovis activates apoptotic caspases to suppress xenophagy for its intracellular survival. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 4:298:110298. PMID: 39509837
Animals (Basel)

A20 Alleviates the Inflammatory Response in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells by Promoting Autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 6;14(19):2876. PMID: 39409825
Anal Cell Pathol

AZD8055 Is More Effective Than Rapamycin in Inhibiting Proliferation and Promoting Mitochondrial Clearance in Erythroid Differentiation. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 8:2024:2639464. PMID: 39411209
Exp Eye Res

S100A9-TLR4 axis aggravates dry eye through the blockage of autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 14:110052. PMID: 39151778
Exp Eye Res

RNASeq profiling of retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells revealed 3 genes involved in lipid homeostasis in age-related macular degeneration. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 10:109999. PMID: 38996902
BMC Mol Cell Biol

mTOR signaling pathway regulation HIF-1 α effects on LPS induced intestinal mucosal epithelial model damage. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 23;25(1):13. PMID: 38654163
Exp Eye Res

Geranylgeranylacetone-induced heat shock protein70 expression reduces retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Apr:229:109416. PMID: 36801237
Toxicol In Vitro

Autophagy induces mTOR-dependent glucose uptake and mTOR-independent lactate utilization in cadmium-treated A549 cells. [Abstract]

2023 Feb:86:105513. PMID: 36336208
BMC Mol Cell Biol

Fyn kinase regulates dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis in animal and cell models of high glucose (HG) treatment. [Abstract]

2021 Dec 4;22(1):58. PMID: 34863087
Vet Microbiol

Lipid metabolism is a novel and practical source of potential targets for antiviral discovery against porcine parvovirus. [Abstract]

2021 Oct:261:109177. PMID: 34391196
Vet Microbiol

Autophagy is a defense mechanism controlling Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection in murine microglia cells. [Abstract]

2021 Jul:258:109103. PMID: 33991788
Biotechnol Appl Biochem

Gemcitabine induces apoptosis and autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. [Abstract]

2018 Sep;65(5):665-671. PMID: 29575133

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2018 Sep;65(5):665-671. [Abstract]

Beclin-1 and LC3B expression is analyzed by western blot after treatment of the cells with GEM (5 μM) and Rapamycin (1 and 2.5 μM) for 48 or 72 h.
Brain Res

Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates neuroinflammation in EAE mice by modulating microglial autophagy to reduce lipid droplet accumulation. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 1:1880:150234. PMID: 41759699
PLoS One

Synergistic effects of notoginsenoside R1 and saikosaponin B2 in atherosclerosis: A novel approach targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and macrophage autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 27;20(6):e0326687. PMID: 40577270
Adv Biol (Weinh)

Activation of SIRT1 Reduces Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Fibrosis in Hypoxia Through SIRT1-FoxO1-FoxO3-Autophagy Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 8:e2400583. PMID: 40197776
PLoS One

Curcumin ameliorates aging-induced blood-testis barrier disruption by regulating AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 24;20(4):e0321752. PMID: 40273194
PLoS One

Nitroxyl protects H9C2 cells from H/R-induced damage and inhibits autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 29;20(1):e0314500. PMID: 39879163
Trop Med Infect Dis

Inhibiting Liver Autophagy and Promoting Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Schistosoma Japonicum Infection. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 4;9(2):42. PMID: 38393131
PLoS One

Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identified CDCA families as prognostic biomarkers and sensitive indicators for rapamycin treatment of glioma. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 5;19(1):e0295346. PMID: 38181024
Brain Res

Acupuncture inhibits autophagy and repairs synapses by activating the mTOR pathway in Parkinson's disease depression model rats. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 1:1808:148320. PMID: 36914042
Brain Res

Role of nuclear factor of activated T Cells-1 in Sepsis-induced behavioral deficits in mice. [Abstract]

2023 May 1:1806:148299. PMID: 36842570
PLoS One

Systematic identification of autophagy-related proteins in Aedes albopictus. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 19;16(1):e0245694. PMID: 33465164
J Microbiol

Autophagy of bovine mammary epithelial cell induced by intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. [Abstract]

2020 Apr;58(4):320-329. PMID: 32103442
DNA Cell Biol

NUPR1 Silencing Induces Autophagy-Mediated Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Mar;39(3):368-378. PMID: 31971825
PLoS One

The ginsenoside Rk3 exerts anti-esophageal cancer activity in vitro and in vivo by mediating apoptosis and autophagy through regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2019 May 15;14(5):e0216759. PMID: 31091245
PLoS One

Fingolimod suppresses neuronal autophagy through the mTOR/p70S6K pathway and alleviates ischemic brain damage in mice. [Abstract]

2017 Nov 29;12(11):e0188748. PMID: 29186197

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS One. 2017 Nov 29;12(11):e0188748. [Abstract]

FTY720 reverses activation of autophagy induced by mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin. The impact of FTY720 and Rapamycin on the expression of Beclin1 and LC3 is evaluated by western blotting. Results are representative of 4 independent experiments.
PLoS One

MicroRNA-144-3p inhibits autophagy activation and enhances Bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection by targeting ATG4a in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. [Abstract]

2017 Jun 21;12(6):e0179772. PMID: 28636635

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS One. 2017 Jun 21;12(6):e0179772. [Abstract]

RAW264.7 cells transfected with miR-144-3p control or miR-144-3p mimic in full medium with or without 50 μg/mL Rapamycin or 0.1% DMSO. 50 μg of total cell extracts are analyzed by Western blotting with a mouse anti-SQSTM1/p62 antibody. The p62 levels are detected by Western-blot (upper). Quantitative analysis of the p62 band normalized to β-actin is shown (lower).
Tissue Cell

SURF4 inhibits autophagy to enhance lung adenocarcinoma progression and stemness through Hedgehog pathway regulation. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 26:100:103351. PMID: 41637921
World J Gastrointest Oncol

Rapamycin suppresses small bowel adenocarcinoma HUTU 80 cells proliferation by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mediated metabolic reprogramming. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 15;17(9):109378. PMID: 40977661
Reprod Sci

Kuntai Capsules Improve Premature Ovarian Failure by Regulating AMPK-Mediated Autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 11. PMID: 40789984
Tissue Cell

Nanosphere loaded with curcumin attenuates adipogenesis and lipid metabolism by modulating AKT/mTORC1/PPARγ phosphorylation. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 29:97:103112. PMID: 40886657
Tissue Cell

Targeting YBX1: A novel therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer through regulation of cellular senescence and mTOR signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 14:97:103089. PMID: 40834829
Tissue Cell

ATF5 inhibits autophagy and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by upregulating mTOR to suppress the stemness of liver cancer stem cells. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 18:97:103094. PMID: 40857870
Reprod Sci

Hematological and Neurological Expressed 1 Promotes Tumor Progression Through mTOR Signaling in Ovarian Cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Jul;31(7):1868-1880. PMID: 38263477
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol

CIRBP Increases the Synthesis and Secretion of Steroid Hormones by Activating Autophagy in Yak Granule Cells. [Abstract]

2024 Apr:238:106449. PMID: 38143009
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

Ligustrazine and liguzinediol protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocytes injury by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Nov;50(11):867-877. PMID: 37574718
Tissue Cell

SOV sensitizes gastric cancer cells to radiation by suppressing radiation-induced autophagy in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:82:102109. PMID: 37229935
J Cardiovasc Transl Res

The SGLT2 Inhibitor Canagliflozin Reduces Atherosclerosis by Enhancing Macrophage Autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;16(5):999-1009. PMID: 37126209
Int Wound J

Edaravone promotes viability of random skin flaps via activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway-mediated enhancement of autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;20(8):3088-3104. PMID: 37042039
Acta Cardiol

DR1-CSE/H2S pathway upregulates autophagy and inhibits H9C2 cells damage induced by high glucose. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;78(5):594-606. PMID: 36197015
Theriogenology

2-Mercaptoethanol promotes porcine oocyte maturation in vitro by maintaining autophagy homeostasis. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 1:186:155-167. PMID: 35468549
Pharmacol Biochem Behav

Combined induction of mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways of autophagy activation as an experimental therapy for Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in a mouse model. [Abstract]

2022 Jun:217:173406. PMID: 35609863
Placenta

Vitamin D alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury of human trophoblast HTR-8 cells by activating autophagy. [Abstract]

2021 Aug:111:10-18. PMID: 34126416
Acta Trop

Tacrolimus, a rapamycin target protein inhibitor, exerts anti-cystic echinococcosis effects both in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2020 Dec;212:105708. PMID: 32956634
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

Autophagy inhibits the mesenchymal stem cell aging induced by D-galactose through ROS/JNK/p38 signalling. [Abstract]

2020 Mar;47(3):466-477. PMID: 31675454
Pharmacol Biochem Behav

Therapeutic activation of autophagy by combined treatment with rapamycin and trehalose in a mouse MPTP-induced model of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]

2019 Feb:177:1-11. PMID: 30582934

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2019 Feb:177:1-11. [Abstract]

Effect of treatment with Rapamycin, trehalose, or their combination on autophagy activity measured by quantified immunoreactivity of LC3-II in the s. nigra. MPTP is administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg (i.p., daily) for 4 days to induce PD-like pathology.

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2019 Feb:177:1-11. [Abstract]

Effect of treatment with Rapamycin, trehalose, or their combination on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the striatum in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.
Odontology

Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes senescence of human oral mucosa fibroblasts via the Wnt5A/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 21. PMID: 41559469
Immunol Invest

NLRP12 Mediates Macrophage Polarization and Drives Host Defense Against Severe Klebsiella Pneumoniae Pneumonia. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 23:1-17. PMID: 41128475
J Chin Med Assoc

FARSB downregulation by SPI1 modulates lung adenocarcinoma progression and immune microenvironment via mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 3. PMID: 40898930
Ann Hematol

Down-regulation of circMUC16 inhibited the progression of ALL via interaction with miR-1182 and TPPP3. [Abstract]

2025 Jun;104(6):3389-3401. PMID: 40549145
Am J Reprod Immunol

Autophagy activation alleviates the LPS-induced inflammatory response in endometrial epithelial cells in dairy cows. [Abstract]

2024 Feb;91(2):e13820. PMID: 38332507
Virology

BCX4430 inhibits the replication of rabies virus by suppressing mTOR-dependent autophagy invitro. [Abstract]

2023 Aug:585:21-31. PMID: 37267717
Dev Comp Immunol

Functions of Bombyx mori cathepsin L-like in innate immune response and anti-microbial autophagy. [Abstract]

2021 Mar;116:103927. PMID: 33197480
PeerJ

Identification of AaAtg8 as a marker of autophagy and a functional autophagy-related protein in Aedes albopictus. [Abstract]

2018 Nov 21:6:e5988. PMID: 30498644

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PeerJ. 2018 Nov 21:6:e5988. [Abstract]

C6/36 cells were treated with Rapamycin (Rapa) for 36 h, 6 h and 36 h, respectively and then subjected to MDC staining. Mock and DMSO treated C6/36 cells are used as controls. After MDC staining, cells were observed under fluorescence microscope.

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PeerJ. 2018 Nov 21:6:e5988. [Abstract]

C6/36 cells are treated with 3-MA, Rapa or CQ for 36 h, 6 h and 36 h, respectively. For Rapa plus CQ treatment, C6/36 cells are treated with CQ for 30 h then treated with Rapa for 6 h. Mock and DMSO treated C6/36 cells are used as controls. After the treatment, the levels of AaAtg8-I and AaAtg8-II are analysed by immunoblotting using antibody against AaAtg8.
J Oral Pathol Med

Rapamycin Targets Cancer Stem Cells to Decrease Cisplatin Resistance in a Head and Neck Cancer Mouse Xenograft Model. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 9. PMID: 42261974
Clin Genet

Collagen Deposition in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Is Driven Through KDM6A-Mediated Activation of ERK/SNAI1 Signaling. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 7. PMID: 41502066
J Viral Hepat

The Differential Effects of Immunosuppressants on Hepatitis E Virus Replication and the Triggered Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;33(1):e70118. PMID: 41400072
Immunobiology

Changpu Yujin Tang mitigates tourette syndrome by enhancing mitophagy and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 22;230(6):153118. PMID: 41014982
Vet Sci

Paeoniflorin Inhibits Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Replication by Inhibiting Autophagy and Targeting AKT/mTOR Signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 2;12(2):117. PMID: 40005877
Int J Endocrinol

Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Ornidazole-Induced Asthenozoospermia in Rats via Activation of the AKT/mTOR Pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 12:2024:3494652. PMID: 39564353
Thorac Cancer

SLC34A2 promotes cell proliferation by activating STX17-mediated autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 May 8. PMID: 38720472
Exp Ther Med

Meteorin‑like/meteorin‑β protects against cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction in mice by inhibiting autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 May 22;28(1):293. PMID: 38827476
Immunobiology

LncRNA SNHG1 overexpression alleviates osteoarthritis via activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway and suppressing autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 May;229(3):152799. PMID: 38636283
BMC Cardiovasc Disord

The molecular mechanism of MiR-26a-5p regulates autophagy and activates NLRP3 inflammasome to mediate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 3;24(1):18. PMID: 38172711
Thorac Cancer

Paclitaxel promotes mTOR signaling-mediated apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by targeting MUC20. [Abstract]

2023 Nov;14(31):3089-3096. PMID: 37772424
Immunobiology

8 June 2022, 152235.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol

ATF4-mediated microRNA-145/HDAC4/p53 axis affects resistance of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by regulating autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 May;89(5):595-607. PMID: 35312836
Exp Ther Med

Autophagy is involved in neurofibromatosis type I gene-modulated osteogenic differentiation in human bone mesenchymal stem cells. [Abstract]

2021 Nov;22(5):1262. PMID: 34603530
BMC Cardiovasc Disord

KLK11 promotes the activation of mTOR and protein synthesis to facilitate cardiac hypertrophy. [Abstract]

2021 May 31;21(1):266. PMID: 34059001
Biomed Res Int

Rapamycin Inhibited Pyroptosis and Reduced the Release of IL-1 β and IL-18 in the Septic Response. [Abstract]

2020 Aug 8;2020:5960375. PMID: 32851082
FEBS Open Bio

Trifluoperazine induces cellular apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy and targeting NUPR1 in multiple myeloma. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;10(10):2097-2106. PMID: 32810364
Exp Ther Med

Role of mTOR signaling in the regulation of high glucose-induced podocyte injury. [Abstract]

2019 Apr;17(4):2495-2502. PMID: 30906437
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Genistein alleviates Osteoporosis by inhibiting the differentiation and autophagy of osteoclasts via regulating the CYLD/p62/RANKL axis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 23:810:153457. PMID: 41764819
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol

Exosomal miR-493-3p Promote the Secretion of CXCL10 by Suppressing Keratinocyte Autophagy in Vitiligo. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 18:18:3483-3495. PMID: 41438679
J Mol Histol

Hesperetin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in acute kidney injury by mediating autophagy and inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 27;56(5):330. PMID: 41014382
Biochem Biophys Rep

Study on the effect of HMGB1 on immune cells isolated from SLE mice. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 15:44:102262. PMID: 41019290
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

High glucose-induced alternative splicing of MEF2D in macrophages promotes vascular chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus by mediating M1 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 12:758:151657. PMID: 40120344
Hum Immunol

Regulatory T cells in CIDP and the inhibitory effect of rapamycin on them. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 26;86(1):111224. PMID: 39729692
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

O-GlcNAcylation of progranulin promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 5:742:151150. PMID: 39657353
Anticancer Drugs

Targeting xCT with sulfasalazine suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth via inducing autophagy and coordinating cell cycle and proliferation. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 1;35(9):830-843. PMID: 39016262
Oncol Lett

Rapamycin inhibits B16 melanoma cell viability invitro and invivo by inducing autophagy and inhibiting the mTOR/p70‑S6k pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 2;27(4):140. PMID: 38385108
Hum Immunol

CXCL1 promotes immune escape in colorectal cancer by autophagy-mediated MHC-I degradation. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;84(12):110716. PMID: 37802708
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

ANXA2 and Rac1 negatively regulates autophagy and osteogenic differentiation in osteosarcoma cells to confer CDDP resistance. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 8:676:198-206. PMID: 37536195
Leuk Res

Glucose induced-AKT/mTOR activation accelerates glycolysis and promotes cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia. [Abstract]

2023 May:128:107059. PMID: 36989577
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

Sitagliptin attenuates endothelial dysfunction independent of its blood glucose controlling effect. [Abstract]

2021 Sep 1;25(5):425-437. PMID: 34448460
J Mol Histol

Circadian misalignment promotes vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis via defective autophagy. [Abstract]

2021 Aug;52(4):799-808. PMID: 34131827
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Mild hypothermia pretreatment extenuates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury through Rab7-mediated autophagosomes-lysosomes fusion. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 23:550:15-21. PMID: 33677131
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Autophagy inhibition by reversine and its suppressive effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2020 Jul 12;528(1):105-111. PMID: 32456791
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Rapamycin ameliorates immune-mediated aplastic anemia by inhibiting the proliferation and metabolism of T cells. [Abstract]

2019 Oct 15;518(2):212-218. PMID: 31434610
Oncol Lett

Autophagy mediates free fatty acid effects on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. [Abstract]

2017 Oct;14(4):4715-4721. PMID: 29085471
Mol Genet Genomics

Methyltransferase-like 14 promotes ferroptosis in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via increasing the m6A methylation modification of LPCAT3. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 21;300(1):16. PMID: 39836248
Histochem Cell Biol

mTORC1 regulates the proliferation of SOX9+ porcine skin-derived stem cells (pSDSCs) by promoting S6K phosphorylation. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 20;163(1):25. PMID: 39833550
Eur J Histochem

Irisin suppresses PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro by activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 15;68(4). PMID: 39410813
Mol Genet Genomics

CACNA1H restrains chemotherapy resistance in ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells by repressing autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 6;299(1):77. PMID: 39105964
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther

Autophagy Protects Ocular Surface Against Overactivated Inflammation by Degrading Retinoic Acid-Induced Gene-I in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells. [Abstract]

2022 Jun;38(5):331-338. PMID: 35613408
Neurosci Lett

Delayed administration of rapamycin inhibits glial scar formation through upregulating matrilin-3 in an autophagy-dependent manner in ischemic stroke. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 29:865:138333. PMID: 40744138
Curr Eye Res

A Decrease in Autophagy Increases the Level of Collagen Type I Expression in Scleral Fibroblasts. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 4:1-8. PMID: 39229688
Curr Eye Res

FTY720 Suppresses Pathogenic Retinal Müller Cell Activation and Chronic Progression by Inhibiting the mTOR/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Regulating Autophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Aug;49(8):862-871. PMID: 38577836
Epilepsy Res

Inhibition of mTORC2 improves brain injury in epileptic rats by promoting chaperone-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Jul:193:107161. PMID: 37163909
J Gastrointest Oncol

XPA serves as an autophagy and apoptosis inducer by suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma in a PI3K/Akt/mTOR dependent manner. [Abstract]

2021 Aug;12(4):1797-1810. PMID: 34532129
Physiol Res

Apelin-13 regulates angiotensin ii-induced Cx43 downregulation and autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in HL-1 cells. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 16;69(5):813-822. PMID: 32901500
Cell Physiol Biochem

Metabolic Shift Induced by ω -3 PUFAs and Rapamycin Lead to Cancer Cell Death. [Abstract]

2018;48(6):2318-2336. PMID: 30114709

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;48(6):2318-2336. [Abstract]

Cells are pretreated with 5 mM 3-MA or 2 μM for 1 h and then exposed to 40 μM EPA and 10 μM Rapamycin (Rp) for 48 h. Cell extracts are prepared and subjected to western blot analysis.

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;48(6):2318-2336. [Abstract]

Cells are treated with Rapamycin (Rp; 10 μM)+Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 40 μM) with or without Chloroquine (CQ; 5 μM) for 48 h. Cell extracts are prepared and subjected to western blot analysis.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol

Conjugated linoleic acid regulation of fatty acid metabolism by mTOR signaling pathway in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) adipocytes. [Abstract]

2025 Oct-Dec:280:111145. PMID: 40803591
Int J Ophthalmol

Autophagy serves as a protective effect against inflammatory injury of oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cell. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 18;18(1):28-38. PMID: 39829617
Anim Biotechnol

Effects of dietary folic acid supplementation on lactation performance and mammary epithelial cell development of dairy cows and its regulatory mechanism. [Abstract]

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Amelioratory Effect of Melatonin on Cognition Dysfunction Induced by Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Aged Mice. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 24;21(1):e133971. PMID: 36896324
In Vivo

Chloroquine Combined With Rapamycin Arrests Tumor Growth in a Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Mouse Model of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma. [Abstract]

2022 Nov-Dec;36(6):2630-2637. PMID: 36309387
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Celastrol Exerts Cardioprotective Effect in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inhibiting TLR2/HMGB1 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Autophagy. [Abstract]

2021;182(12):1245-1254. PMID: 34428765
Neurobiol Learn Mem

Role of microtubules in late-associative plasticity of hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in mice. [Abstract]

2019 Sep:163:107038. PMID: 31278986
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Production of interleukin-1β related to mammalian target of rapamycin/Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway during Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the mouse cornea. [Abstract]

2018 May 18;11(5):712-718. PMID: 29862167

Rapamycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Ophthalmol. 2018 May 18;11(5):712-718. [Abstract]

Western blotting shows that Rapamycin treatment downregulates p-mTOR protein levels in infected and uninfected corneal tissues compared to the vehicle group.
Cytotechnology

Lysine-proline-valine peptide attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation through ROS-dependent regulation of the PPARγ pathway in HepG2 cells. [Abstract]

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Simultaneous Targeting of Multiple Hallmarks of Cancer With Recombinant Methioninase, Rapamycin and Chloroquine Is Specific and Synergistic to MiaPaCa-2 Pancreatic-Cancer Cells in Contrast to Hs-27 Normal Fibroblasts. [Abstract]

2025 Nov;45(11):4765-4770. PMID: 41151914
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The Triple Combination of Recombinant Methioninase, Rapamycin, and Chloroquine Synergistically Eradicates HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;45(7):2773-2779. PMID: 40578963
Cytotechnology

BSP promotes skin wound healing by regulating the expression level of SCEL. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;77(2):49. PMID: 39867831
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Nucleoporin 37 promotes the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;57(10):987-997. PMID: 34888748
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MicroRNA-7a inhibits Isl1 expression to regulate insulin secretion by targeting Raf1 and Mapkap1 in NIT-1 cells. [Abstract]

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MDA5 attenuate autophagy in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with IBDV. [Abstract]

2022 Apr;63(2):154-163. PMID: 34406094
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New insights into the role of mTORC1 in male fertility in zebrafish. [Abstract]

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Upregulation of glutamate transporter 1 by mTOR/Akt pathway in astrocyte culture during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. [Abstract]

2023 Jan;241(1):201-209. PMID: 36436003
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Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 inhibition attenuates childhood asthma in mice by effecting airway remodeling and autophagy. [Abstract]

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Sirolimus treatment induces dose-dependent involution of the thymus with elevated cellular respiration in BALB/c mice. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 15;14(7):4678-4687. PMID: 35958488
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Knockdown of VDAC1 alleviates the cognitive dysfunction secondary to sepsis-associated encephalopathy. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 15;13(7):7538-7555. PMID: 34377234
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Celastrol Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy via the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in the Pituitary ACTH-secreting Adenoma Cells. [Abstract]

2022 Apr;42(2):387-396. PMID: 35419676
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Protective Effect of Salidroside on Mitochondrial Disturbances via Reducing Mitophagy and Preserving Mitochondrial Morphology in OGD-induced Neuronal Injury. [Abstract]

2021 Oct;41(5):936-943. PMID: 34181207
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MicroRNA-92b augments sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting PTEN to activate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. [Abstract]

2021 May 31;54(9):e10390. PMID: 34076140
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miR-24-3p mediates Keap1/Nrf2 axis to promote autophagy and thereby inhibit lens epithelial cell early senescence. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 9;45(1):327. PMID: 40782127
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Vitamin D Receptor Regulates Autophagy to Inhibit Apoptosis and Promote Proliferation in Hepatocyte Injury. [Abstract]

2023;90(1):89-95. PMID: 36908130
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Ligustrazine protects against chronic hypertensive glaucoma in rats by inhibiting autophagy via the PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Dec 12;27:725-733. PMID: 35035207
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Proteomic profiling reveals selaginellin A-induced blockade of cell cycle in MDA-MB-231 cells. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 29:zbaf139. PMID: 41020588
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Protocol for in vitro isolation, induction, expansion, and determination of human natural regulatory T cells and induced regulatory T cells. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 9;3(4):101740. PMID: 36219560
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Autophagy inhibits nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling pathways and modulates cytokine release in murine microglia following Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 10;87(1):68-74. PMID: 39603605
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2023 Mar 21;47(2):120-129. PMID: 37529163
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2026 Jan 20:2026.01.16.699988. PMID: 41648523
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2025 Oct 14:2025.10.12.681919. PMID: 41279276
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The Glc7/PP1 phosphatase triggers Paf1C dissociation from RNA polymerase II to enable transcription termination. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 3:2025.09.03.674035. PMID: 40949999
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RHOA Loss of Function Impairs the IFNγ Response and Promotes CD19 Antigen Escape to Drive CAR-T Resistance in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 4:2025.02.27.640687. PMID: 40093149
bioRxiv

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University of Düsseldorf

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bioRxiv

2024 Jul 25.
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CRB2 Depletion Induces YAP Signaling and Disrupts Mechanosensing in Podocytes. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 26:2024.10.22.619513. PMID: 39484460
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Developmental and physiological impacts of pathogenic human huntingtin protein in the nervous system. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 31:2024.08.30.610525. PMID: 39257834
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PIP4K2C inhibition reverses autophagic flux impairment induced by SARS-CoV-2. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 17:2024.04.15.589676. PMID: 38659941
bioRxiv

Cytosolic Ribosomal Protein Haploinsufficiency affects Mitochondrial Morphology and Respiration. [Abstract]

2024 May 2:2024.04.16.589775. PMID: 38659761
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Mitochondrial Calcium Transport During Autophagy Initiation. [Abstract]

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Ribosome subunit attrition and activation of the p53-MDM4 axis dominate the response of MLL-rearranged cancer cells to WDR5 WIN site inhibition. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 10:2023.07.26.550648. PMID: 37546802
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bioRxiv

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Oxid Med Cell Longev

Klotho Ameliorates Vascular Calcification via Promoting Autophagy. [Abstract]

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AdipoR1 Regulates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Ferroptosis in HCC cells through Nrf2/xCT Pathway. [Abstract]

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APY0201 Represses Tumor Growth through Inhibiting Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells. [Abstract]

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Exosomal CTCF Confers Cisplatin Resistance in Osteosarcoma by Promoting Autophagy via the IGF2-AS/miR-579-3p/MSH6 Axis. [Abstract]

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Autophagy Ameliorates Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Platelet Storage Lesions. [Abstract]

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Marsdenia tenacissima Extract Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Cells via MIF/mToR Signaling. [Abstract]

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Western blot analysis of AKT, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR, FOXO1 and p-FOXO1 expression in U-87 MG cells after treatment with LY294002 (20 μM), Rapamycin (50 nM) or NAC (5 mM) with or without Xihuang pill (XHP).
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Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (109.39 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.0939 mL

5.4694 mL

10.9389 mL

5 mM

0.2188 mL

1.0939 mL

2.1878 mL

10 mM

0.1094 mL

0.5469 mL

1.0939 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.73 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (2.73 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.73 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (286 KB)
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- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Edwards SR, et al. The rapamycin-binding domain of the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin is a destabilizing domain. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282(18), 13395-13401. [Content Brief]

[2]. Rangaraju S, et al. Rapamycin activates autophagy and improves myelination in explant cultures from neuropathicmice. J Neurosci. 2010 Aug 25;30(34):11388-97. [Content Brief]

[3]. Niu H, et al. Rapamycin potentiates cytotoxicity by RP-56976 possibly through downregulation of Survivin in lung cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Mar 10;30:28. [Content Brief]

[4]. Zhang JW, et al. Metformin synergizes with rapamycin to inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett. 2018 Feb;15(2):1811-1816. [Content Brief]

[5]. Svensson JE, et al. Evaluating the effect of rapamycin treatment in Alzheimer's disease and aging using in vivo imaging: the ERAP phase IIa clinical study protocol. BMC Neurol. 2024 Apr 4;24(1):111. [Content Brief]

[6]. Soini L, et al. Molecular glues to stabilise protein-protein interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2022 Aug;69:102169. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	1.0939 mL	5.4694 mL	10.9389 mL	27.3472 mL
	5 mM	0.2188 mL	1.0939 mL	2.1878 mL	5.4694 mL
	10 mM	0.1094 mL	0.5469 mL	1.0939 mL	2.7347 mL
	15 mM	0.0729 mL	0.3646 mL	0.7293 mL	1.8231 mL
	20 mM	0.0547 mL	0.2735 mL	0.5469 mL	1.3674 mL
	25 mM	0.0438 mL	0.2188 mL	0.4376 mL	1.0939 mL
	30 mM	0.0365 mL	0.1823 mL	0.3646 mL	0.9116 mL
	40 mM	0.0273 mL	0.1367 mL	0.2735 mL	0.6837 mL
	50 mM	0.0219 mL	0.1094 mL	0.2188 mL	0.5469 mL
	60 mM	0.0182 mL	0.0912 mL	0.1823 mL	0.4558 mL
	80 mM	0.0137 mL	0.0684 mL	0.1367 mL	0.3418 mL
	100 mM	0.0109 mL	0.0547 mL	0.1094 mL	0.2735 mL

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Rapamycin

Anti-Infection Compound Library

Apoptosis Compound Library

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Compound Library

Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library

Kinase Inhibitor Library

Metabolism/Protease Compound Library

PI3K/Akt/mTOR Compound Library

Stem Cell Signaling Compound Library

Natural Product Library

FDA-Approved Drug Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

CNS-Penetrant Compound Library

Autophagy Compound Library

Peptidomimetic Library

Anti-Aging Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library

Covalent Screening Library

Antioxidant Compound Library

Differentiation Inducing Compound Library

Reprogramming Compound Library

Macrocyclic Compound Library

Lipid Compound Library

Nucleotide Compound Library

Oxygen Sensing Compound Library

Antifungal Compound Library

Antibacterial Compound Library

Anti-COVID-19 Compound Library

NMPA-Approved Drug Library

Glycolysis Compound Library

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Orally Active Compound Library

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Glutamine Metabolism Compound Library

FDA Approved & Pharmacopeial Drug Library

Antibiotics Library

Anti-Breast Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Lung Cancer Compound Library

Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) Compound Library

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Blood Cancer Compound Library

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Microbial Metabolite Library

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Lipid Metabolism Compound Library

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Pediatric Drug Library

Anti-Cancer Natural Product Library

Protein-protein Interaction Inhibitor Library

EMA-Approved Drug Library

FDA-Approved Anticancer Drug Library

Human Metabolite Library

Anti-Prostate Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Pulmonary Fibrosis Compound Library

Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Compound Library

Anti-Aging Natural Product Library

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Molecular Glue Compound Library

Pain-Related Compound Library

Off-patent Drug Library

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Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library

Highly Selective Inhibitors Library

Highly Selective Activators Library

Cell Death Library

Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor Library

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Multi-Target Compound Library

Radioprotector Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

Kinase Inhibitor Library Mini

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Covalent Screening Library Plus

Natural Product Library Plus

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus