Art. -Nr.: HY-19696B

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate

(Synonyms: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid dihydrate; TUDCA dihydrate; UR 906 dihydrate)

110 Cited Publications

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Based on 110 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate is an orally active taurine conjugate of Ursodeoxycholic acid (HY-13771). Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate inhibits caspase-3/7, Apoptosis, IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB, prevents JNK phosphorylation, inhibits ROS generation, and activates Akt signaling. Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate prevents cataract formation, reduces renal tubular damage in type 2 diabetic mice, reduces I/R injury in liver, and inhibits intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Reinheit: 99.96%
CAS. Nr.: 117609-50-4
Formel: C₂₆H₄₉NO₈S
Molecular Weight:535.73

Speicherung:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 117609-50-4

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Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (110)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Caspase-3

Caspase-7

IRE1α

Alle Caspase Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle Endogenous Metabolite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle NF-κB Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle JNK Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle Akt Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

In Vitro

Tauroursodeoxycholate (5 μM) dihydrate induces a sustained increase of [Ca²⁺]_i in isolated hepatocytes^[1].
Tauroursodeoxycholate (50 μM; 4 h) dihydrate reduces Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (HY-N2334)-induced apoptosis in primary human hepatocytes, as indicated by decreased oligonucleosomal DNA cleavage^[4].
Tauroursodeoxycholate (50-500 μM) dihydrate inhibits Clostridioides difficile toxin-induced caspase-3/7 activation in Caco-2 and HCT116 cells^[5].
Tauroursodeoxycholate (500 mM; 6-hour co-stimulation) dihydrate attenuates the increased expression of inflammation-related factors and innate immunity components in Caco-2 cells co-stimulated with Palmitic acid (HY-N0830) and LPS^[9].
Tauroursodeoxycholate (0-100 μM; 24 h) dihydrate dose-dependently suppresses the expression of inflammatory factors and the activity of the IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB pathway in Kupffer cells activated by LPS ^[10].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Tauroursodeoxycholate (500 mg/kg; s.c.; every 3 days or daily) dihydrate preserves photoreceptor structure and function, reduces apoptosis in retinal degeneration models (rd1, rd10 mice, s334ter-3 rats, P23H-3 rats), and prevents lens epithelial cell death and cataract formation in galactosemic rats^[2].
Tauroursodeoxycholate (250 mg/kg; i.p.; twice a day; 8 weeks) dihydrate attenuates renal tubular injury in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes^[7].
Tauroursodeoxycholate (50 mg/kg; i.p.; once a day; 3 days) dihydrate prevents MPTP (HY-W114750) -induced JNK phosphorylation, impairs ROS production, activates Akt signaling, and protects against MPTP-induced dopaminergic degeneration in C57BL/6 GSTP null mice^[8].
Tauroursodeoxycholate (1000 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily; 4 weeks) dihydrate attenuates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, improves intestinal barrier function, decreases intestinal fat transport, and modulates gut microbiota composition in C57BL/6J mice^[9].
Tauroursodeoxycholate (400 mg/kg; i.p.; once per day; 3 days) dihydrate alleviates hepatic I/R injury, reduces levels of liver function markers, hepatocyte apoptosis, proinflammatory factors, and suppresses the function of Kupffer cells by down-regulating the IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB pathway in male Balb/c mice^[10].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male db/db (C57BLKS/J-LepRdb/LepRdb) mice (6 weeks old) with type 2 diabetes; age-matched lean non-diabetic littermates db/m (C57BLKS/J-LepRdb/+) mice as normal control^[7]
Dosage:

250 mg/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection, twice a day, 8 weeks
Result:

Significantly reduced blood glucose and albuminuria.
Ameliorated renal histopathological changes including mesangial cell proliferation, mesangial matrix expansion, and collagen deposition.
Decreased expression of ER stress markers (GRP78, CHOP) and ER stress-associated apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase12, cleaved caspase3).
Reduced number of TUNEL-positive tubular cells.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 117609-50-4
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 535.73
Formel C₂₆H₄₉NO₈S
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@H](CCC(NCCS(=O)(O)=O)=O)[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C.O.O
Synonyms

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid dihydrate; TUDCA dihydrate; UR 906 dihydrate
Structure Classification
- Steroids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (110)

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Signal Transduct Target Ther

Selective depletion of tumor-associated SAMHD1 enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy and antitumor immune responses. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. PMID: 41392286
Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Drug Resist Updat

2026 Feb 8;86:101375.
Drug Resist Updat

RNF26 regulating tumor immunogenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma by degrading GRP78 and instigating ER stress. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 8:86:101375. PMID: 41687462
Nat Cell Biol

SEL1L-HRD1 endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation controls STING-mediated innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool. [Abstract]

2023 May;25(5):726-739. PMID: 37142791

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Cell Biol. 2023 May;25(5):726-739. [Abstract]

q-PCR analysis of ER stress markers in macrophages treated with vehicle or Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium (TUDCA) for 24 hr. n = 8 mice each, combined from 3 independent repeats.

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Cell Biol. 2023 May;25(5):726-739. [Abstract]

Immunoblot of the STING pathway in macrophages pretreated with Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium (TUDCA) for 24 hr followed by DMXAA for another 1 hr. The numbers below the blot indicate relative band intensity of STING, p-STING (normalized to β-tubulin), or ratio of phosphorylated to total protein (p/t), representative of 2 independent repeats.
Cell Host Microbe

Veillonella intestinal colonization promotes C. difficile infection in Crohn's disease. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 19:S1931-3128(25)00291-4. PMID: 40848719
Nat Commun

Cholecystectomy-related gut microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates colorectal tumorigenesis. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 16;16(1):7638. PMID: 40819131

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 16;16(1):7638. [Abstract]

Representative images of mouse colon and H&E staining. Mice were treated with GUDCA or TUDCA (400 mg/kg, twice a week) after the AOM/DSS model was established (n = 8/group). H&E staining showed normal, dysplastic mucosae and carcinoma in the colon tissues.
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Targeting FDFT1 Reduces Cholesterol and Bile Acid Production and Delays Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through the HNF4A/ALDOB/AKT1 Axis. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 3:e2411719. PMID: 39899681

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb 3:e2411719. [Abstract]

The mRNA levels of ALDOB in Huh7 or HCCLM3 cells treated with various bile acids (100 μM, 24 h). All data are presented as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple-comparison correction. CA, cholic acid; TCA, taurocholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; GLCA, glycolithocholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid.
Adv Sci (Weinh)

A Novel Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress- and c-Myc-Degradation-Mediated Therapeutic Benefits of Antineurokinin-1 Receptor Drugs in Colorectal Cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Nov;8(21):e2101936. PMID: 34605226
J Adv Res

Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 alleviates Western Diet-Induced colitis and liver injury via bidirectional modulation of the Intestinal-Hepatic FXR signaling axis. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 21:S2090-1232(26)00180-3. PMID: 41730412
Mol Ther

Modulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes activation contributes to improved survival and function of mesenchymal stromal cell spheroids. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 1;31(3):890-908. PMID: 36566348

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Ther. 2023 Mar 1;31(3):890-908. [Abstract]

Inhibition of ER stress by treatment with Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium (TUDCA, 100-500 nM, 24 h) prominently suppressed NLRP3 expression and the levels of active caspase-1 and IL-1β in MSC_2D.

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Ther. 2023 Mar 1;31(3):890-908. [Abstract]

MSC_2D was treated with Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium (TUDCA, 100-500 nM) for 24 h.
Redox Biol

Oxidative stress mediates the inhibitory effects of Manzamine A on uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition via SOAT inhibition. [Abstract]

2023 Oct:66:102861. PMID: 37666118
Gut Microbes

Bacterial amyloid curli activates the host unfolded protein response via IRE1α in the presence of HLA-B27. [Abstract]

2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2392877. PMID: 39189642
Cell Death Dis

PABPC1-induced stabilization of PGK1 mRNA reduces apoptosis and sunitinib sensitivity in renal cell carcinoma by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 3;17(1):452. PMID: 41932875
Cell Death Dis

Endothelial IRE1 signaling maintains blood-brain barrier integrity and limits neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 9. PMID: 41663365

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2026 Feb 9. [Abstract]

RT-qPCR analysis of sXbp1, Cxcl10, and Ptprc (CD45) in cortices of mice with Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium (TUDCA, intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg once daily) or saline administration at day 1 post-TBI.
Cell Death Dis

PARP1-catalyzed PARylation of YY1 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress in granulosa cells to determine primordial follicle activation. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 15;14(8):524. PMID: 37582914
Cell Death Dis

CACNA1H downregulation induces skeletal muscle atrophy involving endoplasmic reticulum stress activation and autophagy flux blockade. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 24;11(4):279. PMID: 32332705
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle

Bile acid metabolism dysregulation associates with cancer cachexia: roles of liver and gut microbiome. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;12(6):1553-1569. PMID: 34585527
J Pharm Anal

Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits the uptake of cystine through SLC7A11 and impairs de novo synthesis of glutathione. [Abstract]

2025 Jan;15(1):101068. PMID: 39902457
Diabetes Metab J

Serpina3c Mitigates Adipose Tissue Inflammation by Inhibiting the HIF1α-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Overoxidation in Adipocytes. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;50(1):62-76. PMID: 40403760
Phytomedicine

Geniposide alleviated bile acid-associated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating SIRT1/FXR signaling in bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis. [Abstract]

2023 Sep:118:154971. PMID: 37494875
Apoptosis

2026 Jan 13;31(1):46.
Sci Total Environ

Crystalline silica-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes the pathogenesis of silicosis by augmenting proinflammatory interstitial pulmonary macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 25:946:174299. PMID: 38936737
Sci Total Environ

Polystyrene microplastics trigger testosterone decline via GPX1. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 6:174536. PMID: 38977086
Biofabrication

Fabrication of a dual-layer cell-laden tubular scaffold for nerve regeneration and bile duct reconstruction. [Abstract]

2021 May 5;13(3). PMID: 33873178
Mater Design

8 November 2021, 110229.
Br J Pharmacol

Impaired clearance of sunitinib leads to metabolic disorders and hepatotoxicity. [Abstract]

2019 Jul;176(13):2162-2178. PMID: 30875096
Biomed Pharmacother

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered ferroptosis via the XBP1-Hrd1-Nrf2 pathway induces EMT progression in diabetic nephropathy. [Abstract]

2023 Aug:164:114897. PMID: 37224754
Biomed Pharmacother

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) disparate pharmacological effects to lung tissue-resident memory T cells contribute to alleviated silicosis. [Abstract]

2022 May 24;151:113173. PMID: 35623165
Biomed Pharmacother

Inhibition of CACNA1H attenuates doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity by affecting endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2019 Dec;120:109475. PMID: 31580970
Environ Pollut

Mycotoxin Alternariol Exposure Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Hepatotoxicity to Exacerbate Chronic Liver Injury. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 6:127217. PMID: 41061884
Chin Med J (Engl)

EZH2/miR-142-3p/HMGB1 axis mediates chondrocyte pyroptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in knee osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 5;138(1):79-92. PMID: 39704001
Cell Rep

IRE1α regulates macrophage phagocytosis in immune thrombocytopenia through NR1D1 mRNA decay and lysosomal biogenesis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 12;45(3):117083. PMID: 41824452
Cell Rep

ALG6 orchestrates coronavirus replication via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy axis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 17;45(4):117108. PMID: 41855202
Cell Rep

Goblet cell-expressed microprotein FXYD3 determines gut homeostasis by maintaining mucus barrier integrity. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 25;44(11):116502. PMID: 41187059
Arch Toxicol

2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) induces early hearing loss in guinea pigs via activating AhR to trigger mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated autophagy. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 20. PMID: 40835755
Cell Rep

Oral fecal transplantation enriches Lachnospiraceae and butyrate to mitigate acute liver injury. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 27;43(1):113591. PMID: 38153838
J Agric Food Chem

Sargassum fusiforme Fucoidan Ameliorates Obesity-Associated Metabolic Dysfunction via a Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid-Mediated TGR5-cAMP-PKA Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 13;73(32):20235-20253. PMID: 40758868
J Agric Food Chem

Synbiotic Intervention with Inulin and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPm77 Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes via Enhanced TUDCA Metabolism and Gut-Liver Axis Modulation. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 6;73(31):19442-19459. PMID: 40708558
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Nanoplastics and Benzo[a]pyrene Co-pollution aggravates pulmonary ferroptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered IRE1α liquid-liquid phase separation. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 8:322:120347. PMID: 42259117
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

The impact of tetrachlorobisphenol A exposure during puberty: Altered Leydig cell development and induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in male mice. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 15:270:115895. PMID: 38159341
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Perfluorooctanoic acid exposure increases both proliferation and apoptosis of human placental trophoblast cells mediated by ER stress-induced ROS or UPR pathways. [Abstract]

2022 May 1;236:113508. PMID: 35427876
Cell Biol Toxicol

Andrographolide ameliorates sepsis-induced acute liver injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress through the FKBP1A-mediated NOTCH1/AK2 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 7;41(1):56. PMID: 40053226
Cell Biol Toxicol

ARRB1 downregulates acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity through binding to p-eIF2α to inhibit ER stress signaling. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 22;40(1):1. PMID: 38252352
Cell Biol Toxicol

Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat model of double-level chronic cervical cord compression. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;39(3):907-928. PMID: 35028790
Biochem Pharmacol

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates palmitic acid induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired autophagy via IRE1- XBP1-FoxO1 pathway in KGN cells. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;242(Pt 4):117377. PMID: 41043520
Biochem Pharmacol

Leptin impairs the therapeutic efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by inducing apoptosis through NLRP3 inflammasomes activation. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:236:116868. PMID: 40081766
Cell Prolif

Surf4 facilitates reprogramming by activating the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2021 Nov;54(11):e13133. PMID: 34585448
Biochem Pharmacol

Globular adiponectin protects rat hepatocytes against acetaminophen-induced cell death via modulation of the inflammasome activation and ER stress: Critical role of autophagy induction. [Abstract]

2018 Aug:154:278-292. PMID: 29802827

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Pharmacol. 2018 Aug:154:278-292. [Abstract]

TUDCA treatment inhibits the secretion of active IL-1β into cell culture media by Acetaminophen (APAP).
Virulence

Toxoplasma gondii effector GRA35 mediates neuronal damage via ER stress and mitochondria-associated apoptosis. [Abstract]

2026 Dec;17(1):2654261. PMID: 41940502
Nutr Diabetes

Palmitic acid promotes miRNA release from adipocyte exosomes by activating NF-κB/ER stress. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 13;14(1):75. PMID: 39271650
Life Sci

Molecular docking- and reporter-based screening identify dicoumarol against ER stress-induced liver injury in mice through inhibiting IRE1α activity. [Abstract]

2025 May 15:369:123526. PMID: 40049366
Respir Res

Dehydrocorydaline attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 12;26(1):136. PMID: 40221718
Nutrients

FXR, a Key Regulator of Lipid Metabolism, Is Inhibited by ER Stress-Mediated Activation of JNK and p38 MAPK in Large Yellow Croakers (Larimichthys crocea) Fed High Fat Diets. [Abstract]

2021 Dec 1;13(12):4343. PMID: 34959897
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B

2025 Dec 22.
Int J Mol Sci

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in THP-1 Macrophages Infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 20;24(14):11692. PMID: 37511451
Front Pharmacol

Suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent autophagy enhances cynaropicrin-induced apoptosis via attenuation of the P62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathways in neuroblastoma. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 16;13:977622. PMID: 36188599
Front Pharmacol

Extracellular HSP90α Interacts With ER Stress to Promote Fibroblasts Activation Through PI3K/AKT Pathway in Pulmonary Fibrosis. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 23;12:708462. PMID: 34497513
Int Immunopharmacol

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid modulates neuroinflammation via STING/NF-κB inhibition after traumatic brain injury. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 6:165:115471. PMID: 40915187
Int Immunopharmacol

Elevating VAPB-PTPIP51 integration repairs damaged mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and inhibits lung fibroblasts activation. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 3:147:113982. PMID: 39755114
Int Immunopharmacol

Inhibition of ER stress by targeting the IRE1α-TXNDC5 pathway alleviates crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]

2021 Jun:95:107519. PMID: 33691254
Cancers

Globular Adiponectin Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth through Modulation of Inflammasome Activation: Critical Role of Sestrin2 and AMPK Signaling. [Abstract]

2020 Mar 6;12(3):613. PMID: 32155890
Front Cell Dev Biol

Rescue of HSP70 in Spinal Neurons Alleviates Opioids-Induced Hyperalgesia via the Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rodents. [Abstract]

2020 May 12;8:269. PMID: 32500072
FASEB J

Loss of ARNTL Enhances ER Stress and Apoptosis in CKD Through Disruption of NRF2 Signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 15;39(11):e70715. PMID: 40489010
FASEB J

CD44 Deficiency Induces Combinatory NRF2 Inhibition and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Dyserythropoiesis. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 15;39(11):e70695. PMID: 40488748
J Cell Mol Med

Hoxa5 alleviates obesity-induced chronic inflammation by reducing ER stress and promoting M2 macrophage polarization in mouse adipose tissue. [Abstract]

2019 Oct;23(10):7029-7042. PMID: 31441588
J Inflamm

Soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency attenuates airway inflammation in COPD via IRE1α/JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 1;20(1):36. PMID: 37915073
Nutr Metab

Oleic acid ameliorates palmitic acid induced hepatocellular lipotoxicity by inhibition of ER stress and pyroptosis. [Abstract]

2020 Jan 30;17:11. PMID: 32021639
Sci Rep

PPARα activation protects against cholestatic liver injury. [Abstract]

2017 Aug 30;7(1):9967. PMID: 28855630
Virol J

Porcine deltacoronavirus infection promotes intracellular lipid droplet accumulation. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 17;22(1):378. PMID: 41250234
Chem Res Toxicol

In Utero Perfluorodecanoic Acid Exposure Causes Fetal Leydig Cell Dysfunction via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Lipid Composition Alteration. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 17;38(2):314-324. PMID: 39814558
Cell Signal

The Limb-bud and Heart (LBH) promotes renal fibrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pyroptosis and partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells. [Abstract]

2026 May:141:112359. PMID: 41520745
Cytokine

Triptolide impacts CSF1R expression and reprograms the suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via targeting the ER stress pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jan:197:157068. PMID: 41197245
Cell Signal

Inhibition of ERO1L induces autophagy and apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 8:127:111560. PMID: 39657838
Brain Res Bull

Methamphetamine induces GSDME-dependent cell death in hippocampal neuronal cells through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Sep;162:73-83. PMID: 32544512
Cytokine

ER stress contributes to autophagy induction by adiponectin in macrophages: Implication in cell survival and suppression of inflammatory response. [Abstract]

2020 Mar;127:154959. PMID: 31877413
Am J Pathol

Sleep Deprivation Impairs Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Activating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Goblet Cells. [Abstract]

2024 Jan;194(1):85-100. PMID: 37918798
Microb Pathog

BEZ235 inhibits Cryptosporidium parvum infection in mice by targeting the PI3K-NF-κB-c-MYB/BCL2A1 axis to restore host cell apoptosis. [Abstract]

2026 Jul:216:108505. PMID: 41991009
Food Chem Toxicol

Mechanisms of aristolochic acid I Hepatotoxicity: Central role of PDK4-Induced mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic inflammation. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 4:203:115592. PMID: 40480416
Food Chem Toxicol

Metabolomic analysis of cholestatic liver damage in mice. [Abstract]

2018 Oct:120:253-260. PMID: 30009888
J Trace Elem Med Biol

Effects of tauroursodeoxycholate on arsenic-induced hepatic injury in mice: A comparative transcriptomic analysis. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 28:86:127512. PMID: 39232337
Appl Biochem Biotechnol

Zoledronic Acid Accelerates ER Stress-Mediated Inflammation by Increasing PDE4B Expression in Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;196(10):7362-7374. PMID: 38523176
Anim Cells Syst

2023 Nov 27.
Cell Stress Chaperones

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in apoptosis induced by HK2 inhibitor and its potential as a new drug combination strategy. [Abstract]

2022 May;27(3):273-283. PMID: 35355227
Pharmacology

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression Like Behavior in Mice via the Inhibition of Neuroinflammation and Oxido-Nitrosative Stress. [Abstract]

2018 Dec 5;103(1-2):93-100. PMID: 30517939
J Pharm Biomed Anal

Integrating 16S rDNA sequencing analysis and targeted metabolomics to explore the mechanism of Xiexin Tang in treating atherosclerosis mice induced by high-fat diet. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 15:259:116760. PMID: 40014894
Cancer Med

β-asarone inhibits the migration, invasion, and EMT of bladder cancer through activating ER stress. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;12(12):13610-13622. PMID: 37306628
Animals (Basel)

Free Fatty Acids Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis of Macrophages in Dairy Cows with Ketosis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 1;16(7):1070. PMID: 41976049
Vet Microbiol

The PERK-eIF2α branch activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through the NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress NDV replication. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110968. PMID: 41793984
BMC Mol Cell Biol

RPL11 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 3;24(1):7. PMID: 36869281

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Mol Cell Biol. 2023 Mar 3;24(1):7. [Abstract]

Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA; 2 mM) not only suppresses the expression of RPL11-induced ERS-related proteins but also markedly mitigates the expression of LC3-II and BECN1 and increases the expression of p62 in RPL11-overexpressing NSCLC cells.
PLoS One

Development of a cell-free screening assay for the identification of direct PERK activators. [Abstract]

2023 May 18;18(5):e0283943. PMID: 37200357
Infect Genet Evol

Knockdown of fatty acid binding protein 4 exacerbates Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection-induced RAW264.7 cell apoptosis via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Nov;85:104552. PMID: 32920196
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol

OBHSA, a novel selective estrogen receptor degrader, overcomes tamoxifen resistance through cell cycle arrest and unfolded protein response-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer. [Abstract]

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Fundam Clin Pharmacol

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid produces antidepressant-like effects in a chronic unpredictable stress model of depression via attenuation of neuroinflammation, oxido-nitrosative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2018 Aug;32(4):363-377. PMID: 29578616

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Aug;32(4):363-377. [Abstract]

Effect of TUDCA and Fluoxetine on chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced increase in Iba-1 protein expression in mice hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
FEBS Open Bio

T-type calcium channel blockade induces apoptosis in C2C12 myotubes and skeletal muscle via endoplasmic reticulum stress activation. [Abstract]

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lncRNA ZFAS1 Positively Facilitates Endothelial Ferroptosis via miR-7-5p/ACSL4 Axis in Diabetic Retinopathy. [Abstract]

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Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 83.33 mg/mL (155.54 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.8666 mL

9.3331 mL

18.6661 mL

5 mM

0.3733 mL

1.8666 mL

3.7332 mL

10 mM

0.1867 mL

0.9333 mL

1.8666 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.88 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.88 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.88 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (282 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Beuers U. Effects of bile acids on hepatocellular signaling and secretion. Yale J Biol Med. 1997 Jul-Aug;70(4):341-6. [Content Brief]

[2]. Boatright JH, et al. Bile acids in treatment of ocular disease. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor. 2009 Sep;2(3):149-159. [Content Brief]

[3]. Vang S, et al. The Unexpected Uses of Urso- and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid in the Treatment of Non-liver Diseases. Glob Adv Health Med. 2014 May;3(3):58-69. [Content Brief]

[4]. Benz C, et al. Effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on bile acid-induced apoptosis in primary human hepatocytes. Eur J Clin Invest. 2000 Mar;30(3):203-9. [Content Brief]

[5]. Pike CM, et al. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Toxin-Induced Apoptosis. Infect Immun. 2022 Aug 18;90(8):e0015322. [Content Brief]

[6]. Shekels LL, et al. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid protects in vitro models of human colonic cancer cells from cytotoxic effects of hydrophobic bile acids. J Lab Clin Med. 1996 Jan;127(1):57-66. [Content Brief]

[7]. Zhang J, et al. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Attenuates Renal Tubular Injury in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2016 Sep 22;8(10):589. [Content Brief]

[8]. Castro-Caldas M, et al. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell death in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurobiol. 2012 Oct;46(2):475-86. [Content Brief]

[9]. Wang W, et al. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2018 Feb;175(3):469-484. [Content Brief]

[10]. Xu X, et al. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid alleviates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing the function of Kupffer cells in mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Oct;106:1271-1281. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	1.8666 mL	9.3331 mL	18.6661 mL	46.6653 mL
	5 mM	0.3733 mL	1.8666 mL	3.7332 mL	9.3331 mL
	10 mM	0.1867 mL	0.9333 mL	1.8666 mL	4.6665 mL
	15 mM	0.1244 mL	0.6222 mL	1.2444 mL	3.1110 mL
	20 mM	0.0933 mL	0.4667 mL	0.9333 mL	2.3333 mL
	25 mM	0.0747 mL	0.3733 mL	0.7466 mL	1.8666 mL
	30 mM	0.0622 mL	0.3111 mL	0.6222 mL	1.5555 mL
	40 mM	0.0467 mL	0.2333 mL	0.4667 mL	1.1666 mL
	50 mM	0.0373 mL	0.1867 mL	0.3733 mL	0.9333 mL
	60 mM	0.0311 mL	0.1556 mL	0.3111 mL	0.7778 mL
	80 mM	0.0233 mL	0.1167 mL	0.2333 mL	0.5833 mL
	100 mM	0.0187 mL	0.0933 mL	0.1867 mL	0.4667 mL

Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate

110 Cited Publications

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Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate

Apoptosis Compound Library

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