Pathogens Infection

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacillus cereus is a sphingomyelin hydrolase and Insecticide. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacillus cereus catalyzes the decomposition of sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacillus cereus causes rapid paralysis and death in injected insects, including German cockroaches and black cutworms. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacillus cereus reduces H₂O₂ production. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacillus cereus can be used in studies related to sepsis and endophthalmitis.

Cholesterol (synthetic) is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol (synthetic) plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol (synthetic) is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist.

Anti-inflammatory agent 99 is a chalcone derivative. Anti-inflammatory agent 99 inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and suppress the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38. Anti-inflammatory agent 99 inhibits the expression of cytoinflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 induced by LPS. Anti-inflammatory agent 99 can be used for the research of LPS-induced septic shock.

MRS4738 is a human P2Y14-targeted inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.11 nM. MRS4738 suppresses inflammatory responses of pulmonary neutrophils and lymphocytes, reduces airway eosinophil accumulation, and alleviates mechanical hyperalgesia. MRS4738 can be applied to the research on the mechanisms of diseases associated with pulmonary inflammation, neuropathic pain and asthma.

Dimethoxycurcumin-d₆ (DiMC-d₆; CHC 004-d₆; Di-O-methylcurcumin-d₆) is the deuterated-labeled Dimethoxycurcumin (HY-100977). Dimethoxycurcumin (DiMC) is a curcuminoid compound found in Curcuma longa. Dimethoxycurcumin is also an orally active thioredoxin reductase inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 5.4 μM) and androgen receptor antagonist. Dimethoxycurcumin inhibits thioredoxin reductase, leading to oxidized thioredoxin accumulation, ROS production, DNA damage, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, ATP depletion, S phase arrest, and apoptosis. Dimethoxycurcumin inhibits NF-κB, NADPH oxidase subunits, ATP synthase subunits, CDK4, cyclin-D1, FASN, ACC, and the IRS2-PI3K-Akt pathway, while activating AMPK, ERK, and JNK. Dimethoxycurcumin can be used for research on cancer, arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity, and tuberculosis.

12 (S)-HEPE is an oxidation product of Eicosapentaenoic acid (HY-B0660). 12 (S)-HEPE activates p38α, GSKβ, CREB, and ERK1/2. 12 (S)-HEPE induces DNA synthesis. 12 (S)-HEPE leads to activation of the PI3K-mTORC2-Akt signaling pathway and translocation of Glut4 to the plasma membrane. 12 (S)-HEPE increases glucose uptake. 12 (S)-HEPE reduces body weight gain in HFD mice. 12 (S)-HEPE can be used in research on colorectal cancer, zymosan-induced peritonitis, diabetes, and obesity.

2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn (1-Lyso-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is an orally active polyunsaturated acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn diminishes formation of LTC₄, LTB₄, and 12-HETE. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn lowers levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NO. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn augments IL-10 levels and upgrades formation of 15-HETE and LXA₄. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn can be used for the research of peritonitis.

DX-619 is an antibacterial agent. DX-619 inhibits bacterial type II topoisomerases, DNA gyrase (GyrA), and topoisomerase IV (GrlA). DX-619 can be used in research related to bacterial infections, pneumonia, and other conditions.

AM-8722 is an orally active inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. AM-8722 inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis and exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. AM-8722 can be used for research on bacterial septicemia and bacterial infections.

Famotidine GMP (MK-208 GMP) is Famotidine (HY-B0377) produced in GMP guideline. Famotidine is an orally active and highly selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. It inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking the Gs signaling pathway, and regulates intracellular cAMP and ERK pathways. Famotidine inhibits TLR3-mediated inflammatory pathways, and reduces the expression of various inflammatory mediators and interferon-related genes. Famotidine scavenges DPPH and nitric oxide free radicals, alleviates oxidative stress damage in gastric tissue, inhibits proMMP-9, improves vascular endothelial permeability, and restores the normal physiological functions of neutrophils and eosinophils. Famotidine crosses intestinal epithelial cells via facilitated diffusion and passive diffusion, blocks paracellular cation transport, and increases intestinal transepithelial electrical resistance. Famotidine reduces serum levels of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, exerts analgesic effects and gastric protective effects simultaneously. Famotidine can be used in studies related to COVID-19, liver injury and acute gastric ulcer.

Cholesterol (from plant) is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol (from plant) plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol (from plant) is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist.

Pyrazinamide-¹⁵N,d₃ (Pyrazinecarboxamide-¹⁵N,d₃) is the deuterated, ¹⁵N-labeled Pyrazinamide (HY-B0271). Pyrazinamide (Pyrazinecarboxamide; Pyrazinoic acid amide) is a potent and orally active antitubercular antibiotic. Pyrazinamide is a proagent that is converted to the active form pyrazinoic acid (POA) by PZase/nicotinamidase encoded by the pncA gene in M. tuberculosis.

LC-MI-3 is an orally active IRAK4 PROTAC degrader with an IC₅₀ of 57.2 nM and high selectivity among human protein kinases. LC-MI-3 eliminates IRAK4 kinase and scaffolding functions via the cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase and ubiquitin-proteasome systems. LC-MI-3 inhibits downstream nuclear factor-κB and IRAK4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways. LC-MI-3 can be used for the research of acute lung injury, sepsis, psoriasis, and inflammatory diseases.

Piperlonguminine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Piperlonguminine (HY-126562). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Piperlonguminine is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibitor. Piperlonguminine also inhibits the growth of epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, with IC₅₀ values of 53.8 and 33.9 μM, respectively. Piperlonguminine regulates HMGB1/TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK-related inflammatory responses, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) shedding, melanogenesis, glycolipid metabolism, ischemic brain injury and tumor growth. Piperlonguminine can be used in research on hyperlipidemia, sepsis, Chagas disease, ischemic stroke, sarcoma and severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury.

Cyclocommunol is a GST inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.0 μM. Cyclocommunol downregulates the expression of the anti-apoptotic (apoptosis) protein Mcl-1, reduces the levels of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR, and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and autophagy. Cyclocommunol can be used in research related to oral squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, norovirus-induced gastroenteritis and bacterial infections.

Sulfamethylphenazole (Sulfapyrazole; Vesulong) is a long-acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent. Sulfamethylphenazole maintains effective chemotherapeutic blood concentrations through the slow release of free sulfonamide from a protein-binding reservoir and can be used in combination with antibiotics such as Terramycin for bovine hemorrhagic septicemia. Sulfamethylphenazole exhibits moderate antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC = 15.38 μg/mL) and inhibitory activity against CYP 2C9. Sulfamethylphenazole can be used in studies related to tuberculosis and hemorrhagic septicemia.

JAK-IN-44 is an orally active and selective JAK2 inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 0.2 nM, 7.3 nM, 21 nM and 27 nM against JAK2, TYK2, JAK1 and JAK3, respectively. JAK-IN-44 inhibits disease phenotypes in adjuvant-induced arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and experimental autoimmune uveitis models, and improves the survival rate of mice in LPS (HY-D1056)-induced sepsis models. JAK-IN-44 can be used in the research of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis and sepsis.

Apidaecin IA acetate is a basic peptide. Apidaecin IA acetate inhibits the enzymatic activity of DnaK. Apidaecin IA acetate induces bacterial cell death. Apidaecin IA acetate can be used in research related to peritonitis and bacterial infections.

HPA-IN-3 (compound 5) is a heparanase (HPA) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 11.27 μM against human targets. HPA-IN-3 binds to the active site of HPA, and its structural features enhance binding stability and affinity. HPA-IN-3 reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. HPA-IN-3 maintains organ morphology. HPA-IN-3 improves the survival rate of mice with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. HPA-IN-3 can be used in studies related to sepsis.

SAP 2.8 peptide is an antimicrobial peptide. SAP 2.8 peptide induces bacterial membrane rupture and permeabilization, triggers an increase in intracellular ROS production, and causes bacterial death. SAP 2.8 peptide inhibits bacterial biofilm formation and disrupts established biofilms. SAP 2.8 peptide reduces bacterial load in animal models. SAP 2.8 peptide can be used for research on bacterial infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and peritonitis.