Secretoneurin, rat
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Secretoneurin, rat is a 33-amino acid neuropeptide produced by proteolytic processing of chromogranin II, widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and its release is calcium-dependent. Secretoneurin, rat modulates the activities of caspase-3, caspase-1, the NLRP3 inflammasome, IGF-1R, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, FGFR3, AMPK, ERK1/2/MAPK, and Jak2/Stat3 pathways. Secretoneurin, rat regulates neuronal apoptosis, synaptic structure, inflammation, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, dopamine release, and cell migration and proliferation. Secretoneurin, rat is used in studies of global cerebral ischemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiac hypertrophy.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.93%
- CAS No.: 149146-12-3
- Formula: C159H252N40O58
- Molecular Weight:3651.95
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Storage:
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen.
Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)
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Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
Description
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Caspase-3 |
Caspase-1 |
NLRP3 |
VEGFR1 |
IGF-1R |
VEGFR2 |
FGFR3 |
AMPK |
ERK1 |
ERK2 |
p38 MAPK |
JAK2 |
STAT3 |
In Vitro
Secretoneurin, rat (1-100 ng/mL) induces dose-dependent chemotactic migration of human coronary artery endothelial cells, with a maximum relative chemotactic index of 2.4 at 100 ng/mL[2].
Secretoneurin, rat (100 pg/mL-100 ng/mL; 6 hours) induces capillary-like tube formation in human coronary artery endothelial cells, with a maximum relative tube formation of 2.2 at 10 ng/mL after 6 hours[2].
Secretoneurin, rat (100 ng/mL; 5-240 minutes) activates both ERK (starting at 20 minutes) and Akt (starting at 40 minutes) in human coronary artery endothelial cells, with activation lasting up to 4 hours[2].
Secretoneurin, rat (100 ng/mL; 40-120 minutes) stimulates phosphorylation of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, FGFR3, and IGF-1R in human coronary artery endothelial cells[2].
Secretoneurin, rat (100 ng/mL) stimulates proliferation of human coronary artery endothelial cells to a relative level of 1.42, dependent on both VEGFR2 and MAPK pathway activity[2].
Secretoneurin, rat (100 ng/mL) increases both the binding capacity and affinity of VEGF to human coronary artery endothelial cells in a heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent manner[2].
Secretoneurin, rat (10-100 ng/mL) increases VEGF binding to Heparin (HY-17567) in a cell-free system[2].
Secretoneurin, rat increases VEGF binding to its coreceptor neuropilin-1 in a cell-free system[2].
Secretoneurin, rat (100 ng/mL) inhibits apoptosis in starved human coronary artery endothelial cells, reducing the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells from 26.4% to 17.4%[2].
Secretoneurin, rat (1 μg/L; pretreatment before 2 h OGD) reduced caspase‑3 activity in primary cortical cells from embryonic Sprague‑Dawley rats subjected to oxygen‑glucose deprivation (OGD)[3].
Secretoneurin, rat (1 μg/L; pretreatment before 2 h OGD) decreased the number of activated caspase‑3‑positive cells in primary cortical cells from embryonic Sprague‑Dawley rats subjected to oxygen‑glucose deprivation (OGD)[3].
Secretoneurin, rat (1 μg/L; 12 h pretreatment before OGD) prevented oxygen‑glucose deprivation (OGD)‑induced down‑regulation of the anti‑apoptotic protein Bcl‑2 in primary cortical cells from embryonic Sprague‑Dawley rats.
Secretoneurin, rat (1 μg/L; 20 min pretreatment before 4 h OGD) pre‑treated primary cortical cells of embryonic Sprague‑Dawley rats 20 min before 4‑h OGD decreased LDH release and maintained MAP‑2‑positive neuron density, while post‑OGD treatment showed no efficacy[3].
Secretoneurin, rat (0.01‑10 μg/L; 0.5‑12 h) activated the Jak2/Stat3 pathway in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner in primary cortical cells derived from embryonic Sprague‑Dawley rats, with each phosphorylated protein (p‑Stat3 and p‑Jak2) showing an approximately 2‑fold maximum increase relative to actin[3].
Secretoneurin, rat (1 μg/L; 1-28 days)‑mediated protection of MAP‑2‑positive neurons under OGD conditions in primary cortical cells from embryonic Sprague‑Dawley rats was abolished by the Jak2 inhibitor AG490 (HY‑12000)[3].
Secretoneurin, rat is widely distributed in postmortem human eye tissues, with the highest concentration in the choroid followed by the retina, iris/ciliary body, sclera, and cornea[5].
Secretoneurin, rat-immunoreactive nerve fibers are widely distributed throughout the anterior segment and choroid of postmortem human eyes, innervating the cornea, limbus, trabecular meshwork, iris, ciliary body, and choroid[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs)
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Concentration:100 ng/mL
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Incubation Time:5, 20, 40, 60, 120, and 240 minutes
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Result:Stimulated MAPK (ERK) phosphorylation starting after 20 minutes, with continuing long-lasting stimulation until 240 minutes.
Activated Akt after 40 minutes, with a 4-hour duration of activation.
Stimulated the phosphorylation of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, FGFR3, and IGF-1R in human coronary artery endothelial cells.
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Cell Line:primary cortical cells from gestation day-17 Sprague-Dawley rat embryos
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Concentration:1 μg/L
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Incubation Time:pretreatment before 2 hours of OGD
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Result:Decreased the number of caspase-3-positive immunofluorescent cells significantly relative to controls, indicating reduced numbers of cells undergoing OGD-induced apoptosis.
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Cell Line:primary cortical cells from gestation day-17 Sprague-Dawley rat embryos
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Concentration:1 μg/L
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Incubation Time:12 hours of pretreatment before OGD exposure
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Result:Considerably inhibited the OGD-induced reduction in Bcl-2 expression, indicating preservation or upregulation of Bcl-2 expression under ischemic stress.
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Cell Line:primary cortical cells from gestation day-17 Sprague-Dawley rat embryos
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Concentration:0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μg/L (dose response)
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Incubation Time:0.5, 1, 3, 8, 12 hours (time course)
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Result:Increased the levels of phosphorylated Jak2 and phosphorylated Stat3 in primary cortical cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.
The ratio of phosphorylated Stat3 to actin protein peaked at approximately a 2-fold increase in treated cells compared with control cells.
The ratio of phosphorylated Jak2 to actin protein also peaked at approximately a 2-fold increase relative to controls.
Did not significantly alter total Stat3 and total Jak2 protein levels compared with control cells.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Sprague-Dawley (male; 3-month-old)[1]
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Dosage:1 μg per ventricle
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Administration:i.c.v. infusion; single dose; 24 h after GCI
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Result:Exhibited significantly fewer searching errors on days 14-16 of Barnes maze training compared with vehicle-treated GCI rats, with performance comparable to sham controls.
Spent more time in the target quadrant on the day 17 probe trial than GCI vehicle-treated rats.
Significantly attenuated GCI-induced increases in AIF and cleaved-PARP1 immunofluorescence intensity in the hippocampal CA1 region at day 5 post-GCI.
Reduced the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the hippocampal CA1 region at day 5 post-GCI.
Preserved synaptophysin and spinophilin synaptic granule density in the hippocampal CA1 region at day 5 post-GCI.
Significantly inhibited GCI-induced activation of caspase-1 and caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 region at day 5 post-GCI.
Decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in the hippocampal CA1 region at day 5 post-GCI.
Markedly reduced GCI-elevated NLRP3-ASC and ASC-caspase-1 protein interactions in the hippocampal CA1 region at day 5 post-GCI as measured by proximity ligation assay.
Attenuated GCI-induced NLRP3 protein elevation in hippocampal CA1 neurons at day 5 post-GCI.
Preserved CA1 pyramidal neuron density at day 5 post-GCI.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 149146-12-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 3651.95
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Formula C159H252N40O58
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Color White to off-white
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Sequence
Thr-Asn-Glu-Ile-Val-Glu-Glu-Gln-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Gln-Ser-Leu-Ala-Thr-Leu-Glu-Ser-Val-Phe-Gln-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Leu-Thr-Gly-Pro-Ser-Asn-Gln
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Sequence Shortening
TNEIVEEQYTPQSLATLESVFQELGKLTGPSNQ
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen
Powder -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (27.38 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 5 mg/mL (1.37 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 0.2738 mL | 1.3691 mL | 2.7383 mL | 6.8457 mL |
| DMSO | 5 mM | 0.0548 mL | 0.2738 mL | 0.5477 mL | 1.3691 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.0274 mL | 0.1369 mL | 0.2738 mL | 0.6846 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0183 mL | 0.0913 mL | 0.1826 mL | 0.4564 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0137 mL | 0.0685 mL | 0.1369 mL | 0.3423 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0110 mL | 0.0548 mL | 0.1095 mL | 0.2738 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Secretoneurin, rat Related Classifications
HY-P1764 Related Classifications
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