Compositae Extract

Zeaxanthin, a diet-obtained carotenoid, presents in the macula region of the eye. Zeaxanthin shows antioxidant effects.

Stevioside is an orally active sweetener that can be isolated from Stevia rebaudiana, with antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.

4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) is an antioxidant, can be isolated from Gynura divaricata and Laggera alata. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid reduces islet cell apoptosis and improves pancreatic function in type 2 diabetic mice, and has obvious inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid inhibits prostate cancer cells through cell cycle arrest. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid also has anti-apoptotic, anti-injury and anti-hepatitis B virus effects.

Inulin is an orally active prebiotic targeting the intestinal microbiota, selectively promoting the proliferation and activity of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and playing a role in regulating the intestinal microecology. The functions of Inulin include: Fermentation by probiotics in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (such as butyrate and propionate), lowering the intestinal pH and inhibiting the overgrowth of harmful bacteria; Enhancing the intestinal barrier function and reducing endotoxin translocation; Directly scavenging free radicals (such as superoxide free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals) and activating antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) to reduce oxidative stress. Inulin can also be used in the study of intestinal diseases (constipation, IBD), metabolic syndrome (diabetes, obesity) and liver damage by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism (such as reducing triglycerides, improving insulin sensitivity) and immune response (enhancing NK cell activity, inhibiting inflammatory factors)[1][2][3][4].

Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Daminozide, a plant growth regulator, is a selective inhibitor of the human KDM2/7 histone demethylases, with IC₅₀s of 0.55, 1.5 and 2.1 μM for PHF8, KDM2A, and KIAA1718, respectively. Daminozide has >100-fold selectivity for KDM2/7 subfamily versus other demethylase subfamily members tested.

Britannin is an NLRP3 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.630 μM, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. Britannin inhibits the activation and assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome by blocking the interaction between NLRP3 and NEK7. Additionally, Britannin demonstrates antitumor activity by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells through blocking the interaction between HIF-1α and Myc, thereby suppressing PD-L1 expression and enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Britannin can also induce apoptosis and autophagy in liver cancer cells by activating ROS-regulated AMPK. Britannin holds promise for research in the fields of anti-inflammatory and antitumor therapeutics.

Shikimic acid is a key metabolic intermediate of the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway, found in microbes and plants.

Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum. Taraxasterol is an LXRα activator, with metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects. Taraxasterol may be used in research on immune-inflammatory diseases.

Okanin, effective constituent of the flower tea Coreopsis tinctoria, attenuates LPS-induced microglial activation through inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Atractylenolide III (ICodonolactone) is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Atractylenolide III is an orally active gastroprotective agent.

Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.

Alantolactone is a selective STAT3 inhibitor, with potent anticancer activity. Alantolactone induces apoptosis in cancer.

Eupatilin, a lipophilic flavonoid isolated from Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van., is a PPARα agonist, and possesses anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.