Art. -Nr.: HY-125848

Ginsenoside F2

Kundenbewertung

Based on 1 Customer Validation

Ginsenoside F2 is an orally active bioactive compound that participates in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. Ginsenoside F2 promotes the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, binds to PPARγ, inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPK, activates the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, reduces GLRX expression, and regulates lipid metabolism. Ginsenoside F2 reduces ROS production and MDA levels, restores SOD activity in cells, and alleviates oxidative stress. Ginsenoside F2 induces cell apoptosis (Apoptosis) and increases the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Ginsenoside F2 reduces body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and serum lipid levels in obese mice, and activates the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Ginsenoside F2 alleviates atopic dermatitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and reshaping the gut microbiota. Ginsenoside F2 is applicable to research related to insulin resistance, obesity, atopic dermatitis, liver cancer, glioblastoma and glioma.

Nur für Forschungszwecke. Wir verkaufen nicht an Patienten.

Reinheit: 99.92%
CAS. Nr.: 62025-49-4
Formel: C₄₂H₇₂O₁₃
Molecular Weight:785.01

Speicherung:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Ginsenoside F2 Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 62025-49-4

Größe

Preis

Verfügbarkeit

Menge

Amount: USD 0.00

* Bitte wählen Sie Menge, bevor Sie Artikel hinzufügen.

Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Ginsenoside F2 is an orally active bioactive compound that participates in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. Ginsenoside F2 promotes the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, binds to PPARγ, inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPK, activates the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, reduces GLRX expression, and regulates lipid metabolism. Ginsenoside F2 reduces ROS production and MDA levels, restores SOD activity in cells, and alleviates oxidative stress. Ginsenoside F2 induces cell apoptosis (Apoptosis) and increases the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Ginsenoside F2 reduces body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and serum lipid levels in obese mice, and activates the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Ginsenoside F2 alleviates atopic dermatitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and reshaping the gut microbiota^[2]. Ginsenoside F2 is applicable to research related to insulin resistance, obesity, atopic dermatitis, liver cancer, glioblastoma and glioma^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4].

Alle AMPK Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle PPAR Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle p38 MAPK Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle PI3K Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle Akt Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle GSK-3 Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle Caspase Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

In Vitro

Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-100 μM; 2-8 days) inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and reduces lipid accumulation^[1].
Ginsenoside F2 (100 μM; during differentiation treatment) alters the expression of adipogenesis-related genes in MDI-induced differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, including upregulating the expression of Grin2d, Pik3cd, MMP9 and Hhip, downregulating the expression of key adipogenic genes such as PPARγ, FASN and ACC, and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in cells^[1].
Ginsenoside F2 (100 μM; 15-180 min) activates the AMPK pathway by increasing the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes^[1].
Ginsenoside F2 (100 μM; 24 h) significantly reduces the viability of IR-HepG2 cells^[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) dose-dependently promotes glucose uptake in IR-HepG2 cells^[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) dose-dependently upregulates the mRNA expression of GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 in IR-HepG2 cells, and inhibits gluconeogenesis by reducing the mRNA expression of PEPCK and G6Pase^[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) alleviates oxidative stress in IR-HepG2 cells by reducing ROS production and MDA levels, as well as restoring SOD activity^[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) promotes glycogen synthesis and increases glycogen content in IR-HepG2 cells, activates the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway, and elevates the phosphorylation levels of PDK1, AKT and GSK-3β^[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) dose-dependently inhibits the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and suppresses the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in high glucose-induced IR-HepG2 cells^[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (80 μM; 24 h) induces apoptosis and increases the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683^[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (80 μM; 24 h) induces DNA damage in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683, and increases the signal intensity of γH2AX^[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (80 μM; 24 h) impairs mitochondrial function in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683, which is specifically characterized by a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential^[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (20-80 μM; 24 h) upregulates the mRNA expression of p21 and downregulates the mRNA expression of GLRX in a concentration-dependent manner in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683^[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (20-80 μM; 24 h) inhibits mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in human glioblastoma U373 and Hs683 cells, impairs mitochondrial function, and significantly reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular NAD⁺ levels^[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (20-80 μM; 24 h) disrupts the intracellular redox balance in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683, and reduces the GSH/GSSG ratio^[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (20-80 μM; 24 h treatment) induces energy stress in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683, which is characterized by a concentration-dependent increase in phosphorylated AMPK levels^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Concentration:

12.5-100 μM (basic DMEM medium); 12.5-100 μM (MDI medium)
Incubation Time:

48 h (basic DMEM medium); 48 h (MDI medium)
Result:

Showed no effect on cell viability in basic DMEM medium at all tested concentrations.
Significantly reduced cell viability in MDI medium at 100 μM compared to the MDI-only group.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Concentration:

100 μM
Incubation Time:

15, 30, 60, 180 min
Result:

Enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in cells incubated for >30 min. Showed that co-treatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C did not reduce Ginsenoside F2-induced AMPK phosphorylation.

Cell Viability Assay^[3]

Cell Line:

IR-HepG2 cells
Concentration:

0, 12.5, 25, 50 100 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly reduced viability of IR-HepG2 cells at 100 μM.

Immunofluorescence^[3]

Cell Line:

IR-HepG2 cells
Concentration:

12.5, 25, 50 μM
Incubation Time:

12 h
Result:

Enhanced the fluorescent intensity of 2-NBDG.

Real Time qPCR^[3]

Cell Line:

IR-HepG2 cells
Concentration:

12.5, 25, 50 μM
Incubation Time:

12 h
Result:

Upregulated mRNA levels of GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 in a dose-dependent manner. Downregulated mRNA levels of PEPCK and G6Pase in a dose-dependent manner.

Western Blot Analysis^[3]

Cell Line:

IR-HepG2 cells
Concentration:

12.5, 25, 50 μM
Incubation Time:

12 h
Result:

Increased phosphorylation of PDK1, AKT, and GSK-3β in a dose-dependent manner. Reversed the high glucose-induced suppression of PDK1, AKT, and GSK-3β phosphorylation.
Resulted in GSK-3β phosphorylation levels exceeding those of the normal control group at 50 μM.、

Immunofluorescence^[4]

Cell Line:

U373 , Hs683 cell
Concentration:

80 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly increased the percentage of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells.\n
Significantly increased relative γH2AX fluorescence signal intensities.\n
Significantly reduced relative TMRE fluorescence signal intensities.

Real Time qPCR^[4]

Cell Line:

U373 , Hs683 cell
Concentration:

20, 40, 80 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Increased relative p21 mRNA expression. Downregulated relative GLRX mRNA expression.

Western Blot Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

U373 , Hs683 cell
Concentration:

20, 40, 80 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Increased relative phosphorylated AMPK band intensities in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell lines.

In Vivo

Ginsenoside F2 (50-100 mg/kg; intragastric administration; once daily for 4 consecutive weeks) reduces body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and serum lipid levels in male C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity, while activating the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzymes^[1].
Ginsenoside F2 (50 mg/kg; p.o.; daily administration; 27 days) significantly alleviates Dermatophagoides farinae extract-induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice by suppressing cutaneous and systemic inflammation, reshaping the gut microbiota to enrich propionate-producing bacteria, and increasing propionate levels in feces and serum^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6J (male, 4 weeks old, initial weight 20 g, high-fat diet-induced obesity)^[1]
Dosage:

50 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg
Administration:

i.g.; daily; 4 weeks
Result:

Increased body weight and decreased epididymal, perirenal, and mesenteric adipose tissue weight and body fat percentage.
Decreased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and aspartate aminotransferase levels in mice at the 100 mg/kg dose.
Decreased adipocyte volume in epididymal adipose tissue in mice at both doses.
Increased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (including SOD1, SOD2, and GSH-Px) in the liver of mice at the 100 mg/kg dose.
Decreased mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes (including PPARγ, FASN, and Adipoq) in the liver of mice at the 100 mg/kg dose.
Increased hepatic AMPK and ACC phosphorylation levels in the 100 mg/kg dose group.

Animal Model:

BALB/c (female, 4 weeks old, SPF conditions)^[2]
Dosage:

50 mg/kg
Administration:

i.g.; daily; 27 days
Result:

Improved atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation and ear tissue thickening, reducing the thickness of the epidermis and dermis in the ear tissue, and decreasing the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells.
Decreased serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and reduced serum concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-31, IL-17A, and CCL2.
Downregulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-31, IL-17A, and CCL2 in the ear tissue.
Inhibited the expression of NF-κB protein in the ear tissue and increased the expression of IκB-α protein.
Altered the gut microbiota composition (α-diversity indicators showed no significant change, but β-diversity characteristics were significantly altered).
Increased the abundance of Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Lactobacillus plantarum in the gut.
Increases the concentration of propionic acid in feces and serum, and also increases the concentrations of isobutyric acid, monomethylbutyric acid, and isovaleric acid in feces.
Decreases the serum levels of various medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 62025-49-4
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 785.01
Formel C₄₂H₇₂O₁₃
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@@]([C@@]12C)(CC[C@@]3([H])C4(C)C)[C@@](C[C@@H](O)[C@]1([H])[C@]([C@@](CC/C=C(C)/C)(C)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O)O[C@@H]5CO)([H])CC2)([H])[C@]3(CC[C@@H]4O[C@]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O)([H])O[C@@H]6CO)C
Structure Classification
- Terpenoids
- Triterpenes
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (63.69 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.2739 mL

6.3693 mL

12.7387 mL

5 mM

0.2548 mL

1.2739 mL

2.5477 mL

10 mM

0.1274 mL

0.6369 mL

1.2739 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (293 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Zhou J, et al. Ginsenoside F2 Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells and Obesity in Mice via the AMPK Pathway. J Agric Food Chem. 2021;69(32):9299-9312. [Content Brief]

[2]. Li D, et al. Ginsenoside F2-Mediated Intestinal Microbiota and Its Metabolite Propionic Acid Positively Impact the Gut-Skin Axis in Atopic Dermatitis Mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2024;72(1):339-350. [Content Brief]

[3]. Han S, et al. Ginsenoside F2 enhances glucose metabolism by modulating insulin signal transduction in human hepatocarcinoma cells. J Ginseng Res. 2023;47(3):420-428. [Content Brief]

[4]. Kim TJ, et al. Ginsenoside F2 induces cellular toxicity to glioblastoma through the impairment of mitochondrial function. Phytomedicine. 2021;83:153483. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	1.2739 mL	6.3693 mL	12.7387 mL	31.8467 mL
	5 mM	0.2548 mL	1.2739 mL	2.5477 mL	6.3693 mL
	10 mM	0.1274 mL	0.6369 mL	1.2739 mL	3.1847 mL
	15 mM	0.0849 mL	0.4246 mL	0.8492 mL	2.1231 mL
	20 mM	0.0637 mL	0.3185 mL	0.6369 mL	1.5923 mL
	25 mM	0.0510 mL	0.2548 mL	0.5095 mL	1.2739 mL
	30 mM	0.0425 mL	0.2123 mL	0.4246 mL	1.0616 mL
	40 mM	0.0318 mL	0.1592 mL	0.3185 mL	0.7962 mL
	50 mM	0.0255 mL	0.1274 mL	0.2548 mL	0.6369 mL
	60 mM	0.0212 mL	0.1062 mL	0.2123 mL	0.5308 mL

Produktname:
Art. -Nr.:
Menge:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent:

Produktname:
CAS. Nr.:
Species:
Reinheit:
Menge:

Ginsenoside F2

Apoptosis Compound Library

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Compound Library

Epigenetics Compound Library

Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library

Kinase Inhibitor Library

MAPK Compound Library

Metabolism/Protease Compound Library

NF-κB Signaling Compound Library

PI3K/Akt/mTOR Compound Library

Protein Tyrosine Kinase Compound Library

Stem Cell Signaling Compound Library

Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch Compound Library

Natural Product Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Autophagy Compound Library

Anti-Aging Compound Library

Antioxidant Compound Library

Differentiation Inducing Compound Library

Reprogramming Compound Library

Glycoside Compound Library

Oxygen Sensing Compound Library

Medicine Food Homology Compound Library

Terpenoids Library

Glycolysis Compound Library

Pyroptosis Compound Library

Cytoskeleton Compound Library

Orally Active Compound Library

Glutamine Metabolism Compound Library

Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library

Neuroprotective Compound Library

Anti-Breast Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Lung Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Metabolism Compound Library

Anti-Parkinson's Disease Compound Library

Neurodegenerative Disease-related Compound Library

Anti-Obesity Compound Library

Angiogenesis-Related Compound Library

Transcription Factor-Targeted Library

Lipid Metabolism Compound Library

Glucose Metabolism Compound Library

Food-Sourced Compound Library

Anti-Liver Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Natural Product Library

Antidepressant Compound Library

Anti-inflammatory Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library

Plant-Sourced Natural Product Library

Human Metabolite Library

Anti-Prostate Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Pulmonary Fibrosis Compound Library

Nuclear Receptor Compound Library

Osteogenesis Compound Library

Pain-Related Compound Library

Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library

Metabolic Enzyme Compound Library

Membrane Protein-targeted Compound Library

Cell Death Library

Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor Library

Anti-Drug-Resistant Compound Library

Anti-Ovarian Cancer Compound Library

Multi-Target Compound Library

Radioprotector Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Natural Product Library Plus

Natural Product and Natural Product-Like Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library

Anti-Gastric Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Fibrosis Compound Library

Anti-Brain Cancer Compound Library

Miao Ethnicity Medicine Compound Library

PBCRBS Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Library

Protein Kinase Compound Library

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Compound Library

Cell Proliferation Compound Library

Lactic Acid Metabolic Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Natural Product Library

Ancient Chinese Classical Formulas Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library